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  • Cartography and geographic base data  (11)
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  • Cartography and geographic base data  (11)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probabilistic Model of Random Encounter in Obstacle Space
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-15), p. 32-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-15), p. 32-
    Abstract: Based on probabilistic time-geography, the encounter between two moving objects is random. The quantitative analysis of the probability of encounter needs to consider the actual geographical environment. The existing encounter probability algorithm is based on homogeneous space, ignoring the wide range of obstacles and their impact on encounter events. Based on this, this paper introduces obstacle factors, proposes encounter events that are constrained by obstacles, and constructs a model of the probability of encounters of moving objects based on the influence of obstacles on visual perception with the line-of-sight view analysis principle. In realistic obstacle space, this method provides a quantitative basis for predicting the encountering possibility of two mobile objects and the largest possible encounter location. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by experimental results. The model uses part of the Wuhan digital elevation model (DEM) data to calculate the encounter probability of two moving objects on it, and analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of these probabilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8010032
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distance-Decay Effect in Probabilistic Time Geography for Random Encounter
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2019-04-04), p. 177-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2019-04-04), p. 177-
    Abstract: Probabilistic time geography uses a fixed distance threshold for the definition of the encounter events of moving objects. However, because of the distance-decay effect, different distances within the fixed threshold ensure that the encounter events do not always have the same possibility, and, therefore, the quantitative probabilistic time geography analysis needs to consider the actual distance-decay coefficient (DDC). Thus, this paper introduces the DDC and proposes a new encounter probability measure model that takes into account the distance-decay effect. Given two positions of a pair of moving objects, the traditional encounter probability model is that if the distance between the two positions does not exceed a given threshold, the encounter event may occur, and its probability is equal to the product of the probabilities of the two moving objects in their respective positions. Furthermore, the probability of the encounter at two given positions is multiplied by the DDC in the proposed model, in order to express the influence of the distance-decay effect on the encounter probability. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by an experiment, which uses the tracking data of wild zebras to calculate the encounter probability, and compares it with the former method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8040177
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seamless Upscaling of the Field-Measured Grassland Aboveground Biomass Based on Gaussian Process Regression and Gap-Filled Landsat 8 OLI Reflectance
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2018-06-22), p. 242-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2018-06-22), p. 242-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7070242
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring and Modeling of Spatiotemporal Urban Expansion and Land-Use/Land-Cover Change Using Integrated Markov Chain Cellular Automata Model
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2017-09-08), p. 288-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 9 ( 2017-09-08), p. 288-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6090288
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro-Topography Mapping through Terrestrial LiDAR in Densely Vegetated Coastal Environments
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 665-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 665-
    Abstract: Terrestrial Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), also referred to as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), has gained increasing popularity in terms of providing highly detailed micro-topography with millimetric measurement precision and accuracy. However, accurately depicting terrain under dense vegetation remains a challenge due to the blocking of signal and the lack of nearby ground. Without dependence on historical data, this research proposes a novel and rapid solution to map densely vegetated coastal environments by integrating terrestrial LiDAR with GPS surveys. To verify and improve the application of terrestrial LiDAR in coastal dense-vegetation areas, we set up eleven scans of terrestrial LiDAR in October 2015 along a sand berm with vegetation planted in Plaquemines Parish of Louisiana. At the same time, 2634 GPS points were collected for the accuracy assessment of terrain mapping and terrain correction. Object-oriented classification was applied to classify the whole berm into tall vegetation, low vegetation and bare ground, with an overall accuracy of 92.7% and a kappa value of 0.89. Based on the classification results, terrain correction was conducted for the tall-vegetation and low-vegetation areas, respectively. An adaptive correction factor was applied to the tall-vegetation area, and the 95th percentile error was calculated as the correction factor from the surface model instead of the terrain model for the low-vegetation area. The terrain correction method successfully reduced the mean error from 0.407 m to −0.068 m (RMSE errors from 0.425 m to 0.146 m) in low vegetation and from 0.993 m to −0.098 m (RMSE from 1.070 m to 0.144 m) in tall vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10100665
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm for Urban Bus Network Optimization Based on Existing Bus Routes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-22), p. 317-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-22), p. 317-
    Abstract: Adding new lines on the basis of the existing public transport network is an important way to improve public transport operation networks and the quality of urban public transport service. Aiming at the problem that existing routes are rarely considered in the previous research on public transportation network planning, a public transportation network optimization method based on an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm coupled with the existing routes is proposed. First, the actual road network and existing bus lines were abstracted with a graph data structure, and the integration with origin–destination passenger flow data was completed. Second, according to the ACO algorithm, combined with the existing line structure constraints and ant transfer rules at adjacent nodes, new bus-line planning was realized. Finally, according to the change of direct passenger flow in the entire network, the optimal bus-line network optimization scheme was determined. In the process of node transfer calculation, the algorithm adopts the Softmax strategy to realize path diversity and increase the path search range, while avoiding premature convergence and falling into local optimization. Moreover, the elite ant strategy increases the pheromone release on the current optimal path and accelerates the convergence of the algorithm. Based on existing road network and bus lines, the algorithm carries out new line planning, which increases the rationality and practical feasibility of the new bus-line structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11050317
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Study on the Spatio-Temporal Land-Use Changes and Ecological Response of the Dongting Lake Catchment
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 716-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-21), p. 716-
    Abstract: Catchments support the survival and development of humans in a region and investigating the mechanism of land-use changes and ecological responses in catchments is of great significance for improving watershed ecological service functions. Taking the Dongting Lake catchment as the study area, this study used spatial analysis, an ecosystem service value (ESV)-equivalent factor method, grid method, and other spatial analysis methods to explore land-use changes and the corresponding ecological service value response from 1990 to 2015, to provide an important theoretical reference for ecological service management, regional planning and ecological service function improvement in the Dongting Lake Basin. Our findings are as follows: (1) apart from a trend of notable expansion in construction land, the land-use types in the Dongting Lake catchment did not change significantly. (2) Grassland had the fastest transfer-out rate; forest land were cultivated land comparably transferred to each other with a larger area, where both were simultaneously and continuously transferred out as construction land; water areas, wetlands, and construction land were all transferred in, where construction land had the fastest transfer rate. (3) The total ESV of the watershed first increased and then decreased, but the overall change was small; spatially, the wetlands and water areas had a higher ESV, whereas construction land and cultivated land had lower ESVs. (4) Soil protection, gas exchange, climate regulation, biodiversity, and water conservation are always the main ecosystem service functions of a catchment, where the service function of the catchment ecosystem is greater than the productive function. The increase in construction land was the main factor for the increased differences between the spatial distributions of the soil, raw materials, biodiversity protection, and gas exchange.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10110716
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction: Yang et al. A Study on the Spatio-Temporal Land-Use Changes and Ecological Response of the Dongting Lake Catchment. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 716
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 613-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-08), p. 613-
    Abstract: The authors of the published paper [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11120613
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating 2009–2017 Impervious Surface Change in Gwadar, Pakistan Using the HJ-1A/B Constellation, GF-1/2 Data, and the Random Forest Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-08), p. 443-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2019-10-08), p. 443-
    Abstract: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative. At the end of the CPEC, the Gwadar port on the Arabian Sea is being built quickly, providing an important economical route for the flow of Central Asia’s natural resources to the world. Gwadar city is in a rapid urbanization process and will be developed as a modern, world-class port city in the near future. Therefore, monitoring the urbanization process of Gwadar at both high spatial and temporal resolution is vital for its urban planning, city ecosystem management, and the sustainable development of CPEC. The impervious surface percentage (ISP) is an essential quantitative indicator for the assessment of urban development. Through the integration of remote sensing images and ISP estimation models, ISP can be routinely and periodically estimated. However, due to clouds’ influence and spatial–temporal resolution trade-offs in sensor design, it is difficult to estimate the ISP with both high spatial resolution and dense temporal frequency from only one satellite sensor. In recent years, China has launched a series of Earth resource satellites, such as the HJ (Huangjing, which means environment in Chinese)-1A/B constellation, showing great application potential for rapid Earth surface mapping. This study employs the Random Forest (RF) method for a long-term and fine-scale ISP estimation and analysis of the city of Gwadar, based on the density in temporal and multi-source Chinese satellite images. In the method, high spatial resolution ISP reference data partially covering Gwadar city was first extracted from the 1–2 meter (m) GF (GaoFen, which means high spatial resolution in Chinese)-1/2 fused images. An RF retrieval model was then built based on the training samples extracted from ISP reference data and multi-temporal 30-m HJ-1A/B satellite images. Lastly, the model was used to generate the 30-m time series ISP from 2009 to 2017 for the whole city area based on the HJ-1A/B images. Results showed that the mean absolute error of the estimated ISP was 6.1–8.1% and that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimation results was 12.82–15.03%, indicating the consistently high performance of the model. This study highlights the feasibility and potential of using multi-source Chinese satellite images and an RF model to generate long-term ISP estimations for monitoring the urbanization process of the key node city in the CPEC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8100443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Urban building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing imagery based on multi-scale recurrent conditional generative adversarial network
    Informa UK Limited ; 2022
    In:  GIScience & Remote Sensing Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 861-884
    Details
    In: GIScience & Remote Sensing, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 861-884
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1548-1603 , 1943-7226
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/15481603.2022.2076382
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209042-3
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