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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture through Geospatial (Big) Data Processing
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2017-08-06), p. 238-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2017-08-06), p. 238-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi6080238
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Design and Testing of 3DmoveR: an Experimental Tool for Usability Studies of Interactive 3D Maps
    North American Cartographic Information Society ; 2018
    In:  Cartographic Perspectives , No. 90 ( 2018-09-09), p. 31-63
    Details
    In: Cartographic Perspectives, North American Cartographic Information Society, , No. 90 ( 2018-09-09), p. 31-63
    Abstract: Various widely available applications such as Google Earth have made interactive 3D visualizations of spatial data popular. While several studies have focused on how users perform when interacting with these with 3D visualizations, it has not been common to record their virtual movements in 3D environments or interactions with 3D maps. We therefore created and tested a new web-based research tool: a 3D Movement and Interaction Recorder (3DmoveR). Its design incorporates findings from the latest 3D visualization research, and is built upon an iterative requirements analysis. It is implemented using open web technologies such as PHP, JavaScript, and the X3DOM library. The main goal of the tool is to record camera position and orientation during a user’s movement within a virtual 3D scene, together with other aspects of their interaction. After building the tool, we performed an experiment to demonstrate its capabilities. This experiment revealed differences between laypersons and experts (cartographers) when working with interactive 3D maps. For example, experts achieved higher numbers of correct answers in some tasks, had shorter response times, followed shorter virtual trajectories, and moved through the environment more smoothly. Interaction-based clustering as well as other ways of visualizing and qualitatively analyzing user interaction were explored.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1048-9053
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14714/CP90.1411
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: North American Cartographic Information Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2048057-X
    SSG: 7,26
    SSG: 14,1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Constructing the CityGML ADE for the Multi-Source Data Integration of Urban Flooding
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-05-30), p. 359-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-05-30), p. 359-
    Abstract: Urban flooding, as one of the most serious natural disasters, has caused considerable personal injury and property damage throughout the world. To better cope with the problem of waterlogging, the experts have developed many waterlogging models that can accurately simulate the process of pipe network drainage and water accumulation. The study of urban waterlogging involves many data types. These data come from the departments of hydrology, meteorology, planning, surveying, and mapping, etc. The incoordination of space–time scale and format standard has brought huge obstacles to the study of urban waterlogging. This is not conducive to interpretation, transmission, and visualization in today’s network environment. In this paper, the entities and attributes related to waterlogging are defined. Based on the five modules of urban drainage network, sub basin, dynamic water body, time series, and meteorological data, the corresponding UML (Unified Modeling Language) model is designed and constructed. On this basis, the urban waterlogging application domain extension model city waterlogging application domain extension (CTWLADE) is established. According to the characteristics of different types of data, two different methods based on FME object and citygml4j are proposed to realize the corresponding data integration, and KML (Keyhole Markup Language) /glTF data organization form and the corresponding sharing method are proposed to solve the problem that the CTWLADE model data cannot be visualized directly on the web and cannot interact in three-dimensional format. To evaluate the CTWLADE, a prototype system was implemented, which can convert waterlogging-related multi-source data in extensible markup language (XML) files conform. The current CTWLADE can map the data required and provided by the hydraulic software tool storm water management model (SWMM) and is ready to be integrated into a Web 3D Service to provide the data for 3D dynamic visualization in interactive scenes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9060359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Collaborative Immersive Virtual Environments for Education in Geography
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 3-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 3-
    Abstract: Immersive virtual reality (iVR) devices are rapidly becoming an important part of our lives and forming a new way for people to interact with computers and each other. The impact and consequences of this innovative technology have not yet been satisfactory explored. This empirical study investigated the cognitive and social aspects of collaboration in a shared, immersive virtual reality. A unique application for implementing a collaborative immersive virtual environment (CIVE) was developed by our interdisciplinary team as a software solution for educational purposes, with two scenarios for learning about hypsography, i.e., explanations of contour line principles. Both scenarios allow switching between a usual 2D contour map and a 3D model of the corresponding terrain to increase the intelligibility and clarity of the educational content. Gamification principles were also applied to both scenarios to augment user engagement during the completion of tasks. A qualitative research approach was adopted to obtain a deep insight into the lived experience of users in a CIVE. It was thus possible to form a deep understanding of very new subject matter. Twelve pairs of participants were observed during their CIVE experience and then interviewed either in a semistructured interview or a focus group. Data from these three research techniques were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, which is research method for studying individual experience. Four superordinate themes—with detailed descriptions of experiences shared by numerous participants—emerged as results from the analysis; we called these (1) Appreciation for having a collaborator, (2) The Surprising “Fun with Maps”, (3) Communication as a challenge, and (4) Cognition in two realities. The findings of the study indicate the importance of the social dimension during education in a virtual environment and the effectiveness of dynamic and interactive 3D visualization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of User Performance in Interactive and Static 3D Maps
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-10-26), p. 415-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-10-26), p. 415-
    Abstract: Interactive 3D visualizations of geospatial data are currently available and popular through various applications such as Google EarthTM and others. Several studies have focused on user performance with 3D maps, but static 3D maps were mostly used as stimuli. The main objective of this paper was to identify differences between interactive and static 3D maps. We also explored the role of different tasks and inter-individual differences of map users. In the experimental study, we analyzed effectiveness, efficiency, and subjective preferences, when working with static and interactive 3D maps. The study included 76 participants and used a within-subjects design. Experimental testing was performed using our own testing tool 3DmoveR 2.0, which was based on a user logging method and open web technologies. We demonstrated statistically significant differences between interactive and static 3D maps in effectiveness, efficiency, and subjective preferences. Interactivity influenced the results mainly in ‘spatial understanding’ and ‘combined’ tasks. From the identified differences, we concluded that the results of the user studies with static 3D maps as stimuli could not be transferred to interactive 3D visualizations or virtual reality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7110415
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reconstruction of Lost Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes: Context of Ancient Objects in Time and Space
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 604-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 604-
    Abstract: Diachronic studies play a key role in the research and documentation of cultural heritage and its changes, ranging from architectural fragments to landscape. Regarding the reconstructions of lost cultural heritage sites, the determination of landscape conditions in the reconstructed era goes frequently unheeded. Often, only ruins and detached archeological artefacts remain of the built heritage. Placing them correctly within the reconstructed building complex is of similar importance as placing the lost monument in the context of the landscape at that time. The proposed method harmonizes highly heterogeneous sources to provide such a context. The solution includes the fusion of referential terrain models of different levels of detail (LODs) as well as the fusion of diverse 3D data sources for the reconstruction of the built heritage. Although the combined modeling of large landscapes and small 3D objects of a high detail results in very large datasets, we present a feasible solution, whose data structure is suitable for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses of landscapes and also provides a smooth and clear 3D visualization and inspection of detailed features. The results are demonstrated in the case study of the island monastery, the vanished medieval town of Sekanka, and the surrounding landscape, which is located in Czechia and was the subject of intensive changes over time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9100604
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Open Geospatial System for LUCAS In Situ Data Harmonization and Distribution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-23), p. 361-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-23), p. 361-
    Abstract: The use of in situ references in Earth observation monitoring is a fundamental need. LUCAS (Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey) is an activity that has performed repeated in situ surveys over Europe every three years since 2006. The dataset is unique in many aspects; however it is currently not available through a standardized interface, machine-to-machine. Moreover, the evolution of the surveys limits the performance of change analysis using the dataset. Our objective was to develop an open-source system to fill these gaps. This paper presents a developed system solution for the LUCAS in situ data harmonization and distribution. We have designed a multi-layer client-server system that may be integrated into end-to-end workflows. It provides data through an OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) compliant interface. Moreover, a geospatial user may integrate the data through a Python API (Application Programming Interface) to ease the use in workflows with spatial, temporal, attribute, and thematic filters. Furthermore, we have implemented a QGIS plugin to retrieve the spatial and temporal subsets of the data interactively. In addition, the Python API includes methods for managing thematic information. The system provides enhanced functionality which is demonstrated in two use cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11070361
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    User Evaluation of Map-Based Visual Analytic Tools
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-20), p. 363-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-20), p. 363-
    Abstract: Big data have also become a big challenge for cartographers, as the majority of big data may be localized. The use of visual analytics tools, as well as comprising interactive maps, stimulates inter-disciplinary actors to explore new ideas and decision-making methods. This paper deals with the evaluation of three map-based visual analytics tools by means of the eye-tracking method. The conceptual part of the paper begins with an analysis of the state-of-the-art and ends with the design of proof-of-concept experiments. The verification part consists of the design, composition, and realization of the conducted eye-tracking experiment, in which three map-based visual analytics tools were tested in terms of user-friendliness. A set of recommendations on GUI (graphical user interface) design and interactive functionality for map makers is formulated on the basis of the discovered errors and shortcomings in the assessed stimuli. The results of the verification were used as inputs for improving the three tested map-based visual analytics tools and might serve as a best practice for map-based visual analytics tools in general, as well as for improving the policy making cycle as elaborated by the European project PoliVisu (Policy Development based on Advanced Geospatial Data Analytics and Visualization).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8080363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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