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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Apostasia Mitochondrial Genome Analysis and Monocot Mitochondria Phylogenomics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 7837-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 7837-
    Abstract: Apostasia shenzhenica belongs to the subfamily Apostasioideae and is a primitive group located at the base of the Orchidaceae phylogenetic tree. However, the A. shenzhenica mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is still unexplored, and the phylogenetic relationships between monocots mitogenomes remain unexplored. In this study, we discussed the genetic diversity of A. shenzhenica and the phylogenetic relationships within its monocotyledon mitogenome. We sequenced and assembled the complete mitogenome of A. shenzhenica, resulting in a circular mitochondrial draft of 672,872 bp, with an average read coverage of 122× and a GC content of 44.4%. A. shenzhenica mitogenome contained 36 protein-coding genes, 16 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and two copies of nad4L. Repeat sequence analysis revealed a large number of medium and small repeats, accounting for 1.28% of the mitogenome sequence. Selection pressure analysis indicated high mitogenome conservation in related species. RNA editing identified 416 sites in the protein-coding region. Furthermore, we found 44 chloroplast genomic DNA fragments that were transferred from the chloroplast to the mitogenome of A. shenzhenica, with five plastid-derived genes remaining intact in the mitogenome. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis of the mitogenomes from A. shenzhenica and 28 other monocots showed that the evolution and classification of most monocots were well determined. These findings enrich the genetic resources of orchids and provide valuable information on the taxonomic classification and molecular evolution of monocots.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097837
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Extracts from Different Lily Bulbs and Their Antioxidant Ability
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-17), p. 1634-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-17), p. 1634-
    Abstract: The genus Lilium contains more than 100 wild species and numerous hybrid varieties. Some species of them have been used as medicine and food since ancient times. However, the research on the active components and the medical properties of lilies has only focused on a few species. In this study, the total phenolic acid content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of 22 representative lilies were systematically investigated. The results showed that the TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity were highly variable among different lilies, but they were significantly positively correlated. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that L. henryi and L. regale were arranged in one group characterized by the highest TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacity, followed by Oriental hybrids and Trumpet and Oriental hybrids. The traditional edible and medicinal lilies were clustered in low TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacity group. A total of 577 secondary metabolites, including 201 flavonoids, 153 phenolic acids, were identified in the five species with great differences in antioxidant capacity by extensive targeted metabonomics. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) analysis reviewed that the DAMs were mainly enriched in secondary metabolic pathways such as isoflavonoid, folate, flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, phenylpropanoid, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and so on. Correlation analysis identified that 64 metabolites were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant capacity (r ≥ 0.9 and p 〈 0.0001). These results suggested that the genus Lilium has great biodiversity in bioactive components. The data obtained greatly expand our knowledge of the bioactive constituents of Lilium spp. Additionally, it also highlights the potential application of Lilium plants as antioxidants, functional ingredients, cosmetic products and nutraceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101634
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plant-Derived Molecule 4-Methylumbelliferone Suppresses FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation and Allergic Inflammation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2022-02-27), p. 1577-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2022-02-27), p. 1577-
    Abstract: Mast cells (MCs) are an important treatment target for high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI)-mediated allergic diseases. The plant-derived molecule 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) has beneficial effects in animal models of inflammation and autoimmunity diseases. The aim of this study was to examine 4-MU effects on MC activation and probe the underlying molecular mechanism(s). We sensitized rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies, stimulated them with exposure to DNP-human serum albumin (HSA), and then treated stimulated cells with 4-MU. Signaling-protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. In vivo allergic responses were examined in IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) mouse models. 4-MU inhibited β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine release dose-dependently in FcεRI-activated RBLs and BMMCs. Additionally, 4-MU reduced cytomorphological elongation and F-actin reorganization while down-regulating IgE/Ag-induced phosphorylation of SYK, NF-κB p65, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. Moreover, 4-MU attenuated the PCA allergic reaction (i.e., less ear thickening and dye extravasation). Similarly, we found that 4-MU decreased body temperature, serum histamine, and IL4 secretion in OVA-challenged ASA model mice. In conclusion, 4-MU had a suppressing effect on MC activation both in vitro and in vivo and thus may represent a new strategy for treating IgE-mediated allergic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051577
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plant MIR167e-5p Inhibits Enterocyte Proliferation by Targeting β-Catenin
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2019-11-04), p. 1385-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2019-11-04), p. 1385-
    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important negative regulators of genes involved in physiological and pathological processes in plants and animals. It is worth exploring whether plant miRNAs play a cross-kingdom regulatory role in animals. Herein, we found that plant MIR167e-5p regulates the proliferation of enterocytes in vitro. A porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and a human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) were treated with 0, 10, 20, and 40 pmol of synthetic 2′-O-methylated plant MIR167e-5p, followed by a treatment with 20 pmol of MIR167e-5p for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The cells were counted, and IPEC-J2 cell viability was determined by the MTT and EdU assays at different time points. The results showed that MIR167e-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation of enterocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase reporter assay indicated that MIR167e-5p targets β-catenin. In IPEC-J2 and Caco-2 cells, MIR167e-5p suppressed proliferation by downregulating β-catenin mRNA and protein levels. MIR167e-5p relieved this inhibition. Similar results were achieved for the β-catenin downstream target gene c-Myc and the proliferation-associated gene PCNA. This research demonstrates that plant MIR167e-5p can inhibit enterocyte proliferation by targeting the β-catenin pathway. More importantly, plant miRNAs may be a new class of bioactive molecules for epigenetic regulation in humans and animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8111385
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Statins and Liver Cancer Risk in Patients with Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 2959-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 2959-
    Abstract: Heart failure (HF) and cancer have similar risk factors. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are chemoprotective agents against carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the chemoprotective effects of statins against liver cancer in patients with HF. This cohort study enrolled patients with HF aged ≥20 years between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2012 from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Each patient was followed to assess liver cancer risk. A total of 25,853 patients with HF were followed for a 12-year period; 7364 patients used statins and 18,489 did not. The liver cancer risk decreased in statin users versus non-users (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.33) in the entire cohort in the multivariate regression analysis. In addition, both lipophilic and hydrophilic statins reduced the liver cancer risk in patients with HF (aHR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.26–0.44 and aHR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28–0.54, respectively). In the sensitivity analysis, statin users in all dose-stratified subgroups had a reduced liver cancer risk regardless of age, sex, comorbidity, or other concomitant drug use. In conclusion, statins may decrease liver cancer risk in patients with HF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112959
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mitigation Effect of Dense “Water Network” on Heavy PM2.5 Pollution: A Case Model of the Twain-Hu Basin, Central China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxics Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-10), p. 169-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-10), p. 169-
    Abstract: The influence of the underlying surface on the atmospheric environment over rivers and lakes is not fully understood. To improve our understanding, this study targeted the Twain-Hu Basin (THB) in central China, with a unique underlying surface comprising a dense “water network” over rivers and lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to simulate the impact of this dense “water network” on a wintertime heavy PM2.5 pollution event in the THB. On this basis, the regulating effects of density and area of the lake groups, with centralized big lakes (CBLs) and discrete small lakes (DSLs), on PM2.5 concentrations over the underlying surface of the dense “water network” in the THB were clarified, and the relative contributions of thermal factors and water vapor factors in the atmospheric boundary layer to the variation of PM2.5 concentrations were evaluated. The results show that the underlying surface of dense “water networks” in the THB generally decreases the PM2.5 concentrations, but the influences of different lake-group types are not uniform in spatial distribution. The CBLs can reduce the PM2.5 concentrations over the lake and its surroundings by 4.90–17.68% during the day and night. The ability of DSLs in reducing PM2.5 pollution is relatively weak, with the reversed contribution between −5.63% and 1.56%. Thermal factors and water vapor–related factors are the key meteorological drivers affecting the variation of PM2.5 concentrations over the underlying surface of dense “water networks”. The warming and humidification effects of such underlying surfaces contribute positively and negatively to the “purification” of air pollution, respectively. The relative contributions of thermal factors and water vapor–related factors are 52.48% and 43.91% for CBLs and 65.96% and 27.31% for DSLs, respectively. The “purification” effect of the underlying surface with a dense “water network” in the THB on regional air pollution highlights the importance of environmental protection of inland rivers and lakes in regional environmental governance. In further studies on the atmospheric environment, long-term studies are necessary, including fine measurements in terms of meteorology and the environment and more comprehensive simulations under different scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping Grassland Classes Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and MODIS NDVI Data for Temperate Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2094-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2094-
    Abstract: Grassland classification is crucial for grassland management. One commonly used method utilizes remote sensing vegetation indices (VIs) to map grassland classes at various scales. However, most grassland classifications were conducted as case studies in a small area due to lack of field data sources. At a small scale, classification is reliable; however, great uncertainty emerges when extended to other areas. In this study, large amounts of field observations (more than 30,000 aerial photos) were obtained using unmanned aerial vehicle photography in Inner Mongolia, China, during the peak period of grassland growth in 2018 and 2019. Then, four machine learning classification algorithms were constructed based on characteristic indices of MODIS NDVI in the growing season to map grassland classes of Inner Mongolia. Finally, the spatial distribution and temporal variation of temperate grassland classes were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) Among all characteristic indices, the maximum, average, and sum of MODIS NDVI from July to September during 2015 to 2019 greatly affected grassland classification. (2) The random forest method exhibited the best performance with overall accuracy and kappa coefficient being 72.17% and 0.62, respectively. (3) Compared with the grassland class mapped in the 1980s, 30.98% of grassland classes have been transformed. Our study provides a technological basis for effective and accurate classification of the temperate steppe class and a theoretical foundation for sustainable development and restoration of the temperate steppe ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14092094
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metabolites Analysis of Anti-Myocardial Ischemia Active Components of Saussurea involucrata Based on Gut Microbiota—Drug Interaction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2022-07-05), p. 7457-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2022-07-05), p. 7457-
    Abstract: Saussurea involucrata has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects against myocardial ischemia. The pharmacological effects of oral natural medicines may be influenced by the participation of gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota and the main components of Saussurea involucrata. We first established a quantitative method for the four main components (chlorogenic acid, syringin, acanthoside B, rutin) which were chosen by fingerprint using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and found that gut microbiota has a strong metabolic effect on them. Meanwhile, we identified five major rat gut microbiota metabolites (M1–M5) using liquid chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MSn-IT-TOF). The metabolic properties of metabolites in vitro were preliminarily elucidated by LC-MS/MS for the first time. These five metabolites of Saussurea involucrata may all have potential contributions to the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, the four main components (10 μg/mL) can significantly stimulate intestinal bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids in vitro, respectively, which can further contribute to the effect in myocardial ischemia. In this study, the therapeutic effect against myocardial ischemia of Saussurea involucrata was first reported to be related to the intestinal flora, which can be useful in understanding the effective substances of Saussurea involucrata.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Response of Soil Bacterial Diversity, Predicted Functions and Co-Occurrence Patterns to Nanoceria and Ionic Cerium Exposure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-06), p. 1982-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-06), p. 1982-
    Abstract: Release of nanoceria (nCeO2) into the environment has caused much concern about its potential toxicity, which still remains poorly understood for soil microorganisms. In this study, nanoceria and cerium (III) nitrate at different doses (10, 100 and 500 mg/kg) were applied to bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), grown in potting soil, to investigate the responses of soil bacterial communities to nanoceria (NC) and ionic cerium (IC) applications. The results showed that bacterial richness was slightly increased in all cerium treatments relative to the negative control without cerium amendment (CK), but a significant increase was only found in IC500. The patterns of bacterial community composition, predicted functions and phenotypes of all NC treatments were significantly differentiated from IC and CK treatments, which was correlated with the contents of cerium, available potassium and phosphorus in soil. The co-occurrence network of bacterial taxa was more complex after exposure to ionic cerium than to nanoceria. The keystone taxa of the two networks were entirely different. Predicted functions analysis found that anaerobic and Gram-negative bacteria were enriched under nanoceria exposure. Our study implies that Proteobacteria and nitrifying bacteria were significantly enriched after exposure to nanoceria and could be potential biomarkers of soil environmental perturbation from nanoceria exposure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101982
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epidemiological Characteristics and the Dynamic Transmission Model of Dengue Fever in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province in 2018
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2022-08-25), p. 209-
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2022-08-25), p. 209-
    Abstract: Background: With the progress of urbanization, the mobility of people has gradually increased, which has led to the further spread of dengue fever. This study evaluated the transmissibility of dengue fever within districts and between different districts in Zhanjiang City to provide corresponding advice for cross-regional prevention and control. Methods: A mathematical model of transmission dynamics was developed to explore the transmissibility of the disease and to compare that between different regions. Results: A total of 467 DF cases (6.38 per 100,000 people) were reported in Zhanjiang City in 2018. In the model, without any intervention, the number of simulated cases in this epidemic reached about 950. The dengue fever transmissions between districts varied within and between regions. When the spread of dengue fever from Chikan Districts to other districts was cut off, the number of cases in other districts dropped significantly or even to zero. When the density of mosquitoes in Xiashan District was controlled, the dengue fever epidemic in Xiashan District was found to be significantly alleviated. Conclusions: When there is a dengue outbreak, timely measures can effectively control it from developing into an epidemic. Different prevention and control measures in different districts could efficiently reduce the risk of disease transmission.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2414-6366
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090209
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934690-3
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