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  • International and interdisciplinary legal research  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    One and a half years of e-scooters in Hamburg : Part 2: Accident characteristics
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Rechtsmedizin Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 163-169
    Details
    In: Rechtsmedizin, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2023-06), p. 163-169
    Abstract: Since the spread of the so-called electric scooters (e-scooters) through rental services in Hamburg as of June 2019, accidents due to the use of this means of transportation have been regularly registered. The most frequent injury patterns among e‑scooter riders involved accidents concerning the upper extremities and the head. There was a relevant accumulation of drunk drivers among the injured persons. Objective The aim of the study is to compare injury patterns in drunk versus non-drunk e‑scooter riders who had an accident. Material and methods Data from the Department of Trauma Surgery at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf were retrospectively analyzed for accidents involving e‑scooters and the resulting injury patterns. For this purpose, the gender, age, injury pattern of the persons, the course of the accident, and information on previous alcohol consumption were recorded descriptively for the period from June 2019 to December 2021. Results Drivers were on average 32 (interval: 15–88 years) years old and those under the influence of alcohol were predominantly male (69.9%). Accidents occurred mainly in summer and at night. Common injury patterns were injuries to the face, head, and extremities. Conclusion It should be noted that injuries to the face and head occurred more frequently under the influence of alcohol than in the cohort without alcohol. Education about the health and legal consequences of riding an e‑scooter under the influence of alcohol should be provided to all users. In addition, wearing a helmet or banning driving at night are possible measures to reduce accidents associated with drunk riding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9819 , 1434-5196
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00194-022-00602-z
    RVK:
    PH 141
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463037-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    One and a half years of e-scooters in Hamburg : Part 1: Alcohol-related abnormalities in traffic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Rechtsmedizin Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2023-04), p. 119-124
    Details
    In: Rechtsmedizin, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2023-04), p. 119-124
    Abstract: Since electric scooters were introduced as an urban means of transportation in Hamburg in June 2019, a high number of violations of the current laws regarding alcohol consumption by e‑scooter riders have been recorded. Objective The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of traffic offences committed by e‑scooter drivers under the influence of alcohol, to classify their relevance in relation to other road user groups, and to draw a first interim balance with respect to their frequency after 1.5 years. Material and methods The data of all e‑scooter drivers ( n  = 342) examined concerning their blood alcohol values analyzed at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf between 15.06.2019 and 31.12.2020 were retrospectively evaluated with respect to their demographic information and the medical examination results. These were brought into context with the total number of offences against the road traffic regulations with subsequent blood alcohol measurement. Results 9.6% of the total number of offences against the road traffic regulations in connection with subsequent determination of the blood alcohol concentration were committed by e‑scooter drivers. 87.7% of those examined were male. The blood alcohol concentration was above the limit of 1.10 ‰ for absolute driving incapacity when using a passenger car in 76.9% of those examined. An accumulation of cases was particularly noticeable at night and at weekends. Due to imprecise records, a certain number of unreported e‑scooter incidents can be assumed among the unspecified motor vehicles. Conclusion As e‑scooter drivers make up a considerable proportion of drunken road users and the accidents mostly occur at night and at weekends, increased education and, if necessary, a driving ban at these times would seem to make sense.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9819 , 1434-5196
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00194-022-00601-0
    RVK:
    PH 141
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463037-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection—an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. 134, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 1275-1284
    Details
    In: International Journal of Legal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 134, No. 4 ( 2020-07), p. 1275-1284
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9827 , 1437-1596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02317-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459222-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pilot study in Hamburg on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and pandemic survey in the German funeral industry
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology
    Details
    In: Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: Funeral home and crematorium workers are an important occupational group in the corona crisis. The occupational setting led to concerns about an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence in this occupational group is unclear. A questionnaire-based retrospective survey of funeral home and crematorium staff was conducted in December 2020. A second survey of funeral and crematorium staff was conducted 6 months later, in June 2021, to determine changes in pandemic management. Seroprevalence or vaccination status for SARS-CoV-2 was determined at these two time points. In December 2020, a seroprevalence of 2.3% ( n  = 1/44) was detected in funeral home and crematorium workers. In June 2021, one additional participant tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Of the participants, 48.5% ( n  = 16) were vaccinated at this time. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for funeral home and crematorium workers is more similar to that of the general population in Hamburg, Germany. We found no evidence of an increased risk of infection at these two time points in our cohort. Further education on communicable diseases or appropriate protective measures in this occupational group for other infectious diseases would be useful in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-2891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00661-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2195904-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The handling of SARS-CoV-2 associated deaths - infectivity of the body
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 411-418
    Details
    In: Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 411-418
    Abstract: The body of a deceased with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is considered infectious. In this study, we present the results of infectivity testing of the body and testing of mortuary staff for SARS-CoV-2. We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 on 33 decedents with ante mortem confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Swabs of the body surface from five different body regions and from the body bag or coffin were examined. A subset of the swabs was brought into cell culture. In addition, screening of 25 Institute of Legal Medicine (ILM) personnel for ongoing or past SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed at two different time points during the pandemic. Swabs from all locations of the body surface and the body environment were negative in cases of negative post mortem nasopharyngeal testing (n=9). When the post mortem nasopharyngeal swab tested positive (n=24), between 0 and 5 of the body surface swabs were also positive, primarily the perioral region. In six of the cases, the body bag also yielded a positive result. The longest postmortem interval with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR at the body surface was nine days. In no case viable SARS-CoV-2 was found on the skin of the bodies or the body bags. One employee (autopsy technician) had possible occupational infection with SARS-CoV-2; all other employees were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antibody twice. Our data indicate that with adequate management of general safety precautions, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through autopsies and handling of bodies is unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1547-769X , 1556-2891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00379-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2195904-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction to: Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection—an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 1977-1977
    Details
    In: International Journal of Legal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 134, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 1977-1977
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9827 , 1437-1596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02336-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459222-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dying of VOC-202012/01 — multimodal investigations in a death case of the SARS-CoV-2 variant
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. 136, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 193-202
    Details
    In: International Journal of Legal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 136, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 193-202
    Abstract: The current pandemic with Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has been taking on new dynamics since the emergence of new variants last fall, some of them spreading more rapidly. Many countries currently find themselves in a race to ramp up vaccination strategies that have been initiated and a possible third wave of the pandemic from new variants, such as the Variant of Concern-202012/01 from the B.1.1.7 lineage. Until today, many investigations in death cases of Coronavirus-disease-19 have been conducted, revealing pulmonary damage to be the predominant feature of the disease. Thereby, different degrees of macroscopic and microscopic lung damage have been reported, most of them resembling an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Far more, systemic complications of the disease such as pulmonary embolisms have been described. However, neither morphologic nor virologic findings of patients dying of the new variants have yet been reported. Here, we report on a comprehensive analysis of radiologic, morphologic, and virologic findings in a fatal case of this variant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9827 , 1437-1596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02618-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459222-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Ultrasound in legal medicine—a missed opportunity or simply too late? A narrative review of ultrasonic applications in forensic contexts
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. 135, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 2363-2383
    Details
    In: International Journal of Legal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 135, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 2363-2383
    Abstract: Conventional autopsies remain the gold standard of postmortem healthcare quality assurance and help gathering extended knowledge on diseases. In answer to constantly declining autopsy rates non- or minimally invasive autopsy methods were introduced. Ultrasound is a well-established tool for imaging commonly used in clinical practice. This narrative review aims to summarize the current literature regarding the feasibility and validity of ultrasound in a forensic context. Material and methods A PubMed database search was carried out. Abstracts were scanned for pre-defined ex- and inclusion criteria, followed by a snowball search procedure applied to the primarily included articles. Results Forty-five publications met our inclusion criteria. The selected articles concern the feasibility of ultrasound in pre- or postmortem settings, forensic age estimation, and minimally invasive approaches. For imaging, ultrasound was deemed a reliable tool for the examination of epiphyses und superficial wounds, with limitations regarding internal organs and image quality due to postmortem changes. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive approaches yielded higher success rates for adequate tissue sampling. Many investigations were carried out in low- and middle-income countries focusing on infectious diseases. Conclusion Ultrasound seems a promising but underutilized imaging tool in legal medicine to date. Promising approaches on its feasibility have been conducted. Especially for minimally invasive methods, ultrasound offered significant improvements on qualified biopsy sampling and thus appropriate diagnostics. Moreover, ultrasonic evaluation of epiphyses for age estimation offered valuable results. Nevertheless, further assessment of ultrasonic feasibility in forensic contexts is needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9827 , 1437-1596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02661-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459222-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Forensic biomarkers of lethal traumatic brain injury
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. 136, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 871-886
    Details
    In: International Journal of Legal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 136, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 871-886
    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and its accurate diagnosis is an important concern of daily forensic practice. However, it can be challenging to diagnose TBI in cases where macroscopic signs of the traumatic head impact are lacking and little is known about the circumstances of death. In recent years, several post-mortem studies investigated the possible use of biomarkers for providing objective evidence for TBIs as the cause of death or to estimate the survival time and time since death of the deceased. This work systematically reviewed the available scientific literature on TBI-related biomarkers to be used for forensic purposes. Post-mortem TBI-related biomarkers are an emerging and promising resource to provide objective evidence for cause of death determinations as well as survival time and potentially even time since death estimations. This literature review of forensically used TBI-biomarkers revealed that current markers have low specificity for TBIs and only provide limited information with regards to survival time estimations and time since death estimations. Overall, TBI fatality-related biomarkers are largely unexplored in compartments that are easily accessible during autopsies such as urine and vitreous humor. Future research on forensic biomarkers requires a strict distinction of TBI fatalities from control groups, sufficient sample sizes, combinations of currently established biomarkers, and novel approaches such as metabolomics and mi-RNAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0937-9827 , 1437-1596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02785-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459222-8
    SSG: 2
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