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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparisons of Respiratory Pupal Gill Development in Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Shed Light on the Origin of Dipteran Prothoracic Dorsal Appendages
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Medical Entomology Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2021-03-12), p. 588-598
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Entomology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2021-03-12), p. 588-598
    Abstract: During the transformation of immature aquatic dipteran insects to terrestrial adults, the prothoracic pupal respiratory organ enables pupae to cope with flood-drought alternating environments. Despite its obvious importance, the biology of the organ, including its development, is poorly understood. In this study, the developing gills of several Simulium Latreille (Diptera: Simuliidae) spp. were observed using serial histological sections and compared with data on those of other dipteran families published previously. The formation of some enigmatic features that made the Simulium gill unique is detailed. Through comparisons between taxa, we describe a common developmental pattern in which the prothoracic dorsal disc cells not only morph into the protruding respiratory organ, which is partially or entirely covered with a cuticle layer of plastron, but also invaginate to form a multipart internal chamber that in part gives rise to the anterior spiracle of adult flies. The gill disc resembles wing and leg discs and undergoes cell proliferation, axial outgrowth, and cuticle sheath formation. The overall appendage-like characteristics of the dipteran pupal respiratory organ suggest an ancestral form that gave rise to its current forms, which added more dimensions to the ways that arthropods evolved through appendage adaptation. Our observations provide important background from which further studies into the evolution of the respiratory organ across Diptera can be carried out.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2585 , 1938-2928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031006-7
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tradition, Innovation, and Politics: Chinese and Overseas Chinese Theatre across the World
    JSTOR ; 1994
    In:  TDR (1988-) Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 1994-22), p. 15-
    Details
    In: TDR (1988-), JSTOR, Vol. 38, No. 2 ( 1994-22), p. 15-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/1146330
    RVK:
    HC 1000
    RVK:
    AP 60100
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019311-7
    SSG: 9,3
    SSG: 7,25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Medical Entomology Vol. 56, No. 5 ( 2019-09-03), p. 1353-1358
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Entomology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 56, No. 5 ( 2019-09-03), p. 1353-1358
    Abstract: The first breeding populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) were identified in California in 2013, and have since been detected in 13 counties. Recent studies suggest two introductions likely occurred, with genetically distinct populations in the central and southern regions of the state. Given the threat of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission, it is imperative to understand if these populations harbor genes that could confer resistance to pyrethrin-based insecticides, known as pyrethroids, the most commonly used class of adulticides in the state. In 2017, the California Department of Public Health initiated a pesticide resistance screening program for Ae. aegypti to assess the presence of specific mutations on the sodium channel gene (V1016I and F1534C) associated with knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. Mosquitoes collected between 2015 and 2017 from 11 counties were screened for mutations using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results revealed distinctly different resistance profiles between the central and southern regions. The central population displayed nearly fixed resistant mutations at both loci, whereas the southern population was more variable. The relative proportion of resistant alleles observed in sampled mosquitoes collected in southern California increased each year from 2015 through 2017, indicating potential increases in resistance across this region. The presence of these mutations indicates that these mosquitoes may be predisposed to surviving pyrethroid treatments. Additional biological and biochemical assays will help better elucidate the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in California Ae. aegypti and prompt the use of pesticides that are most effective at controlling these mosquitoes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2585 , 1938-2928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz076
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031006-7
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insecticide Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in California by Biochemical Assays
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Medical Entomology Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2020-07-04), p. 1176-1183
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Entomology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2020-07-04), p. 1176-1183
    Abstract: Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes poses a major threat to public health worldwide. There are two primary biological mechanisms that can lead to insecticide resistance, target site and metabolic resistance, both of which confer resistance to specific classes of insecticides. Due to the limited number of chemical compounds available for mosquito control, it is important to determine current enzymatic profiles among mosquito populations. This study assessed resistance profiles for three metabolic pathways, α-esterases, β-esterases, and mixed-function oxidases (MFOs), as well as insensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase (iAChE) enzyme in the presence of propoxur, among Ae. aegypti from the Central Valley and southern California. All field-collected Ae. aegypti demonstrated elevated MFOs and iAChE activity, indicating potential development of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance, respectively. Although regional variations were found among α-esterase and β-esterase activity, levels were generally elevated, further suggesting additional mechanisms for developing organophosphate resistance. Furthermore, mosquito samples from southern California exhibited a higher expression level to all three metabolic enzymes and iAChE activity in comparison to mosquitoes from the central region. These results could help guide future mosquito control efforts, directing the effective use of insecticides while limiting the spread of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2585 , 1938-2928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa031
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031006-7
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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