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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural land‐use history and restoration impact soil microbial biodiversity
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 852-863
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 852-863
    Abstract: Human land uses, such as agriculture, can leave long‐lasting legacies as ecosystems recover. As a consequence, active restoration may be necessary to overcome land‐use legacies; however, few studies have evaluated the joint effects of agricultural history and restoration on ecological communities. Those that have studied this joint effect have largely focused on plants and ignored other communities, such as soil microbes. We conducted a large‐scale experiment to understand how agricultural history and restoration tree thinning affect soil bacterial and fungal communities within longleaf pine savannas of the southern United States. This experiment contained 64 pairs of remnant (no history of tillage agriculture) and post‐agricultural (reforested following abandonment from tillage agriculture 〉 60 years prior) longleaf pine savanna plots. Plots were each 1 ha and arranged into 27 blocks to minimize land‐use decision‐making biases. We experimentally restored half of the remnant and post‐agricultural plots by thinning trees to reinstate open‐canopy savanna conditions and collected soils from all plots five growing seasons after tree thinning. We then evaluated soil bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Agricultural history increased bacterial diversity but decreased fungal diversity, while restoration increased both bacterial and fungal diversity. Both bacterial and fungal richness were correlated with a range of environmental variables including above‐ground variables like leaf litter and plant diversity, and below‐ground variables such as soil nutrients, pH and organic matter, many of which were also impacted by agricultural history and restoration. Fungal and bacterial community compositions were shaped by restoration and agricultural history resulting in four distinct communities across the four treatment combinations. Synthesis and applications . Past agricultural land use has left persistent legacies on soil microbial biodiversity, even over half a century after agricultural abandonment and after intensive restoration activities. The impacts of these changes on soil microbe biodiversity could influence native plant establishment, plant productivity and other aspects of ecosystem functioning following agricultural abandonment and during restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.5
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13591
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Large ecosystem-scale effects of restoration fail to mitigate impacts of land-use legacies in longleaf pine savannas
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 17 ( 2021-04-27)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 17 ( 2021-04-27)
    Abstract: Ecological restoration is a global priority, with potential to reverse biodiversity declines and promote ecosystem functioning. Yet, successful restoration is challenged by lingering legacies of past land-use activities, which are pervasive on lands available for restoration. Although legacies can persist for centuries following cessation of human land uses such as agriculture, we currently lack understanding of how land-use legacies affect entire ecosystems, how they influence restoration outcomes, or whether restoration can mitigate legacy effects. Using a large-scale experiment, we evaluated how restoration by tree thinning and land-use legacies from prior cultivation and subsequent conversion to pine plantations affect fire-suppressed longleaf pine savannas. We evaluated 45 ecological properties across four categories: 1) abiotic attributes, 2) organism abundances, 3) species diversity, and 4) species interactions. The effects of restoration and land-use legacies were pervasive, shaping all categories of properties, with restoration effects roughly twice the magnitude of legacy effects. Restoration effects were of comparable magnitude in savannas with and without a history of intensive human land use; however, restoration did not mitigate numerous legacy effects present prior to restoration. As a result, savannas with a history of intensive human land use supported altered properties, especially related to soils, even after restoration. The signature of past human land-use activities can be remarkably persistent in the face of intensive restoration, influencing the outcome of restoration across diverse ecological properties. Understanding and mitigating land-use legacies will maximize the potential to restore degraded ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020935118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contemporary Evolution of Plant Growth Rate Following Experimental Removal of Herbivores
    University of Chicago Press ; 2013
    In:  The American Naturalist Vol. 181, No. S1 ( 2013-05), p. S21-S34
    Details
    In: The American Naturalist, University of Chicago Press, Vol. 181, No. S1 ( 2013-05), p. S21-S34
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0147 , 1537-5323
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1086/668075
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of Chicago Press
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473832-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207092-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2669910-2
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    SSG: 25
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of mixed strategies of plant defense against herbivores
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 197, No. 2 ( 2013-01), p. 359-361
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 197, No. 2 ( 2013-01), p. 359-361
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.2012.197.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.12103
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive geographical clines in the growth and defense of a native plant
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Ecological Monographs Vol. 82, No. 2 ( 2012-05), p. 149-168
    Details
    In: Ecological Monographs, Wiley, Vol. 82, No. 2 ( 2012-05), p. 149-168
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/11-1446.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010129-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural land‐use history causes persistent loss of plant phylogenetic diversity
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Ecology Vol. 97, No. 9 ( 2016-09), p. 2240-2247
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 97, No. 9 ( 2016-09), p. 2240-2247
    Abstract: Intensive land use activities, such as agriculture, are a leading cause of biodiversity loss and can have lasting impacts on ecological systems. Yet, few studies have investigated how land‐use legacies impact phylogenetic diversity (the total amount of evolutionary history in a community) or how restoration activities might mitigate legacy effects on biodiversity. We studied ground‐layer plant communities in 27 pairs of Remnant (no agricultural history) and Post‐agricultural (agriculture abandoned 〉 60 yr ago) longleaf pine savannas, half of which we restored by thinning trees to reinstate open savanna conditions. We found that agricultural history had no impact on species richness, but did alter community composition and reduce phylogenetic diversity by 566 million years/1,000 m 2 . This loss of phylogenetic diversity in post‐agricultural savannas was due to, in part, a reduction in the average evolutionary distance between pairs of closely related species, that is, increased phylogenetic clustering. Habitat restoration increased species richness by 27% and phylogenetic diversity by 914 million years but did not eliminate the effects of agricultural land use on community composition and phylogenetic structure. These results demonstrate the persistence of agricultural legacies, even in the face of intensive restoration efforts, and the importance of considering biodiversity broadly when evaluating human impacts on ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1443
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecological effects of aphid abundance, genotypic variation, and contemporary evolution on plants
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Oecologia Vol. 178, No. 3 ( 2015-7), p. 747-759
    Details
    In: Oecologia, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 178, No. 3 ( 2015-7), p. 747-759
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-8549 , 1432-1939
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3276-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462019-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 123369-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of domestication on resistance to two generalist herbivores across 29 independent domestication events
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 204, No. 3 ( 2014-11), p. 671-681
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 204, No. 3 ( 2014-11), p. 671-681
    Abstract: The domestication of crops is among the most important innovations in human history. Here, we test the hypothesis that cultivation and artificial selection for increased productivity of crops reduced plant defenses against herbivores. We compared the performance of two economically important generalist herbivores – the leaf‐chewing beet armyworm ( S podoptera exigua ) and the phloem‐feeding green peach aphid ( M yzus persicae ) – across 29 crop species and their closely related wild relatives. We also measured putative morphological and chemical defensive traits and correlated them with herbivore performance. We show that, on average, domestication significantly reduced resistance to S . exigua , but not M . persicae , and that most independent domestication events did not cause differences in resistance to either herbivore. In addition, we found that multiple plant traits predicted resistance to S. exigua and M. persicae , and that domestication frequently altered the strength and direction of correlations between these traits and herbivore performance. Our results show that domestication can alter plant defenses, but does not cause strong allocation tradeoffs as predicted by plant defense theory. These results have important implications for understanding the evolutionary ecology of species interactions and for the search for potential resistance traits to be targeted in crop breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.2014.204.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.12935
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Canopy thinning, not agricultural history, determines early responses of wild bees to longleaf pine savanna restoration
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Restoration Ecology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 138-146
    Details
    In: Restoration Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 138-146
    Abstract: Longleaf pine savannas are highly threatened, fire‐maintained ecosystems unique to the southeastern United States. Fire suppression and conversion to agriculture have strongly affected this ecosystem, altering overstory canopies, understory plant communities, and animal populations. Tree thinning to reinstate open canopies can benefit understory plant diversity, but effects on animal communities are less well understood. Moreover, agricultural land‐use legacies can have long‐lasting impacts on plant communities, but their effects on animal communities either alone or through interactions with restoration are unclear. Resolving these impacts is important due to the conservation potential of fire‐suppressed and post‐agricultural longleaf savannas. We evaluated how historical agricultural land use and canopy thinning affect the diversity and abundance of wild bees in longleaf pine savannas. We employed a replicated, large‐scale factorial block experiment in South Carolina, where canopy thinning was applied to longleaf pine savannas that were either post‐agricultural or remnant (no agricultural history). Bees were sampled using elevated bee bowls. In the second growing season after restoration, thinned plots supported a greater bee abundance and bee community richness. Additionally, restored plots had altered wild bee community composition when compared to unthinned plots, indicating that reduction of canopy cover by the thinning treatment best predicted wild bee diversity and composition. Conversely, we found little evidence for differences between sites with or without historical agricultural land use. Some abundant Lasioglossum species were the most sensitive to habitat changes. Our results highlight how restoration practices that reduce canopy cover in fire‐suppressed savannas can have rapid benefits for wild bee communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-2971 , 1526-100X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.v28.1
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.13043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020952-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 914746-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural land-use history does not reduce woodland understory herb establishment
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Oecologia Vol. 189, No. 4 ( 2019-4), p. 1049-1060
    Details
    In: Oecologia, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 189, No. 4 ( 2019-4), p. 1049-1060
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-8549 , 1432-1939
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04348-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462019-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 123369-5
    SSG: 12
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