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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial covariation in survival rates of Northeast Pacific pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha )
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2001
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 58, No. 8 ( 2001-08-01), p. 1501-1515
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 58, No. 8 ( 2001-08-01), p. 1501-1515
    Abstract: We examined spatial patterns of covariation in indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock- recruitment curve) across four decades among 43 wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks from 14 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. We found strong evidence of positive covariation among stocks within each region and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations from 0.3 to 0.7) but no evidence of covariation between stocks of distant regions (e.g., separated by 1000 km or more). This suggests that important environmental processes affecting temporal variation in survival rates of pink salmon from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales rather than at the larger ocean basin scale. Based on limited fry abundance data, we found that this covariation in spawner-to-recruit survival rates may be strongly influenced by marine processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/f01-096
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
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    Spatial Covariation in Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Chum Salmon
    Wiley ; 2002
    In:  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Vol. 131, No. 3 ( 2002-05), p. 343-363
    Details
    In: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Wiley, Vol. 131, No. 3 ( 2002-05), p. 343-363
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-8487 , 1548-8659
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131〈0343:SCISRO〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192460-0
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  • 3
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    Corrigendum: Opposite effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of 120 stocks of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in northern and southern areas
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2003
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2003-06-01), p. 757-757
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2003-06-01), p. 757-757
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/f03-063
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7966-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
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  • 4
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    Relationships between Coastal Ocean Conditions and Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon at Multiple Lags
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 105-119
    Details
    In: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Wiley, Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 105-119
    Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that survival rates from spawners to recruits in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are primarily related to coastal ocean conditions during migration to the sea and soon after. We correlated measures of survival rate in units of log e (recruits/spawner) for 110 stocks of pink salmon O. gorbuscha , chum salmon O. keta , and sockeye salmon O. nerka with regional‐scale indices of coastal sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and upwelling as well as with a large‐scale index of ocean climate. We examined correlations by month and at multiple lags spanning the periods of spawning, freshwater residence, and early ocean residence of salmon. Survival rates of all three salmon species were related to ocean temperatures just prior to, during, and after out‐migration, which are indicative of the early marine conditions experienced by juvenile salmon. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the early marine period is critical to the survival of juvenile salmon. However, survival rates of sockeye salmon were most strongly correlated with coastal sea surface temperature during freshwater residency (i.e., the winter and spring prior to out‐migration). Survival rates of pink salmon were also related to sea surface salinity conditions prior to out‐migration. There was no evidence for any relationship between the survival rates of salmon and coastal upwelling conditions. As in previous studies, we found that correlations between the survival rates of pink or sockeye salmon in Alaska and sea surface temperature have opposite signs from correlations for stocks in British Columbia and Washington at most lags and at both regional and large (basinwide) spatial scales. In general, however, the measures of coastal ocean conditions that we examined explain a relatively small proportion of the environmentally induced variability in salmon survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-8487 , 1548-8659
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1577/T-04-033.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192460-0
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  • 5
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    Linking phytoplankton phenology to salmon productivity along a north–south gradient in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2015-05), p. 697-708
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 72, No. 5 ( 2015-05), p. 697-708
    Abstract: We investigated spatial and temporal components of phytoplankton dynamics in the Northeast Pacific Ocean to better understand the mechanisms linking biological oceanographic conditions to productivity of 27 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks. Specifically, we used spatial covariance functions in combination with multistock spawner–recruit analyses to model relationships among satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentrations, initiation date of the spring phytoplankton bloom, and salmon productivity. For all variables, positive spatial covariation was strongest at the regional scale (0–800 km) with no covariation beyond 1500 km. Spring bloom timing was significantly correlated with salmon productivity for both northern (Alaska) and southern (British Columbia) populations, although the correlations were opposite in sign. An early spring bloom was associated with higher productivity for northern populations and lower productivity for southern populations. Furthermore, the spring bloom initiation date was always a better predictor of salmon productivity than mean chlorophyll a concentration. Our results suggest that changes in spring bloom timing resulting from natural climate variability or anthropogenic climate change could potentially cause latitudinal shifts in salmon productivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0298
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
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  • 6
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    Opposite effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of 120 stocks of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) in northern and southern areas
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2002-03-01), p. 456-463
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2002-03-01), p. 456-463
    Abstract: To improve the understanding of linkages between ocean conditions and salmon productivity, we estimated effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of three species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) across 120 stocks. This multistock approach permitted more precise estimates of effects than standard single-stock analyses. The estimated effects were opposite in sign between northern and southern stocks and were quite consistent across stocks within species and areas. Warm anomalies in coastal temperatures were associated with increased survival rates for stocks in Alaska and decreased survival rates in Washington and British Columbia, suggesting that different mechanisms determine survival rates in the two areas. Regional-scale sea surface temperatures (SST, within several hundred kilometres of a stock's ocean entry point) were a much better predictor of survival rates than large-scale climate anomalies associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), suggesting that survival rates are primarily linked to environmental conditions at regional spatial scales. With appropriate cautions, these results may be used to predict the potential effects of climatic changes on salmon productivity in different areas of the Northeast Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/f02-020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7966-2
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  • 7
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    Rising catch variability preceded historical fisheries collapses in Alaska
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2013-09), p. 1475-1487
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2013-09), p. 1475-1487
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/12-0670.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
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  • 8
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    Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2013
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2013-09-01), p. 1023-1037
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 70, No. 5 ( 2013-09-01), p. 1023-1037
    Abstract: Hollowed, A. B., Barange, M., Beamish, R., Brander, K., Cochrane, K., Drinkwater, K., Foreman, M., Hare, J., Holt, J., Ito, S-I., Kim, S., King, J., Loeng, H., MacKenzie, B., Mueter, F., Okey, T., Peck, M. A., Radchenko, V., Rice, J., Schirripa, M., Yatsu, A., and Yamanaka, Y. 2013. Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1023–1037. This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quantity and quality; (ii) impacts of changes in production and habitat on marine fish and shellfish species including effects on the community species composition, spatial distributions, interactions, and vital rates of fish and shellfish; (iii) impacts on fisheries and their associated communities; (iv) implications for food security and associated changes; and (v) uncertainty and modelling skill assessment. Climate change will impact fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities through a complex suite of linked processes. Integrated interdisciplinary research teams are forming in many regions to project these complex responses. National and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemispheric or global level. Eight research foci were identified that will improve the projections of climate impacts on fish, fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fst081
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
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  • 9
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    Reassessing regime shifts in the North Pacific: incremental climate change and commercial fishing are necessary for explaining decadal‐scale biological variability
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 38-50
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 38-50
    Abstract: In areas of the North Pacific that are largely free of overfishing, climate regime shifts – abrupt changes in modes of low‐frequency climate variability – are seen as the dominant drivers of decadal‐scale ecological variability. We assessed the ability of leading modes of climate variability [Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO ), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation ( NPGO ), Arctic Oscillation ( AO ), Pacific‐North American Pattern ( PNA ), North Pacific Index ( NPI ), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation ( ENSO )] to explain decadal‐scale (1965–2008) patterns of climatic and biological variability across two North Pacific ecosystems (Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea). Our response variables were the first principle component ( PC1 ) of four regional climate parameters [sea surface temperature ( SST ), sea level pressure ( SLP ), freshwater input, ice cover], and PCs 1–2 of 36 biological time series [production or abundance for populations of salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.), groundfish, herring ( Clupea pallasii ), shrimp, and jellyfish]. We found that the climate modes alone could not explain ecological variability in the study region. Both linear models (for climate PC 1) and generalized additive models (for biology PC 1–2) invoking only the climate modes produced residuals with significant temporal trends, indicating that the models failed to capture coherent patterns of ecological variability. However, when the residual climate trend and a time series of commercial fishery catches were used as additional candidate variables, resulting models of biology PC 1–2 satisfied assumptions of independent residuals and out‐performed models constructed from the climate modes alone in terms of predictive power. As measured by effect size and Akaike weights, the residual climate trend was the most important variable for explaining biology PC1 variability, and commercial catch the most important variable for biology PC2 . Patterns of climate sensitivity and exploitation history for taxa strongly associated with biology PC1–2 suggest plausible mechanistic explanations for these modeling results. Our findings suggest that, even in the absence of overfishing and in areas strongly influenced by internal climate variability, climate regime shift effects can only be understood in the context of other ecosystem perturbations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2013.20.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12373
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 10
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    Across‐Species Comparisons of Spatial Scales of Environmental Effects on Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 86-104
    Details
    In: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, Wiley, Vol. 134, No. 1 ( 2005-01), p. 86-104
    Abstract: We estimated the spatial scales of covariation in indices of spawner‐to‐recruit survival rates among 116 wild stocks of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha , chum salmon O. keta , and sockeye salmon O. nerka . These data spanned roughly four decades and represented stocks from 15 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. For comparisons between pink and chum salmon, we found positive covariation in survival rates within regions and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations between 0.3 and 0.7) but little covariation between stocks of distant regions (separated by 1,000 km or more). Our results indicate that, on average, shared environmental effects accounted for at least 36% of the variation in survival rates of nearby pink and chum salmon stocks but only 18% for stocks separated by about 500 km. By comparing these between‐species patterns with within‐species patterns, we conclude that differences in the geographical overlap of fish during the freshwater and early marine life stages are much more important in determining the magnitude of shared environmental effects on the survival rates of these two species than are differences in their life history strategies. In contrast, patterns of covariation were weaker for between‐species comparisons involving sockeye salmon, especially for sockeye salmon stocks from Washington and British Columbia, which were mainly Fraser River stocks. By comparing between‐species correlations for northern sockeye salmon at two different time lags corresponding to processes operating during the early freshwater life stage and the early marine life stage, we found evidence that covariation in spawner‐to‐recruit survival rates was due largely to processes operating in the early marine life stage. Collectively, our results and those of previous studies show that the dominant effects of environmental processes on the survival rates of these three salmon species occur at local and regional scales rather than at larger, ocean‐basin scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-8487 , 1548-8659
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1577/T04-034.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192460-0
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