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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hiding in plain sight: discovery and phylogeography of a cryptic species of Trichinella (Nematoda: Trichinellidae) in wolverine (Gulo gulo)
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  International Journal for Parasitology Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 277-287
    Details
    In: International Journal for Parasitology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 50, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 277-287
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0020-7519
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.01.003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011817-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    High prevalence, intensity, and genetic diversity of Trichinella spp. in wolverine (Gulo gulo) from Yukon, Canada
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Parasites & Vectors Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Parasites & Vectors, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Species of Trichinella are globally important foodborne parasites infecting a number of domestic and wild vertebrates, including humans. Free-ranging carnivores can act as sentinel species for detection of Trichinella spp. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these parasites may help prevent Trichinella spp. infections in northern Canadian animals and people. Previous research on Trichinella spp. in wildlife from Yukon did not identify risk factors associated with infection, or the diversity and identity of species of Trichinella in regional circulation, based on geographically extensive sampling with large sample sizes. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence, infection intensity, risk factors, and species or genotypes of Trichinella in wolverine ( Gulo gulo ) in two regions of Yukon, Canada, from 2013–2017. A double separatory funnel digestion method followed by mutiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to recover and identify species of Trichinella , respectively. Results We found larvae of Trichinella in the tongues of 78% (95% CI 73–82) of 338 wolverine sampled. The odds of adult (≥ 2 years) and yearling (1 year) wolverine being Trichinella spp.-positive were four and two times higher, respectively, compared to juveniles ( 〈 1 year). The odds of Trichinella spp . presence were three times higher in wolverine from southeast than northwest Yukon. The mean intensity of infection was 22.6 ± 39 (SD, range 0.1–295) larvae per gram. Trichinella T6 was the predominant genotype (76%), followed by T. nativa (8%); mixed infections with Trichinella T6 and T. nativa (12%) were observed. In addition, T. spiralis was detected in one wolverine. Out of 22 isolates initially identified as T. nativa in multiplex PCR, 14 were analyzed by PCR-RFLP to distinguish them from T. chanchalensis , a recently discovered cryptic species, which cannot be distinguished from the T. nativa on multiplex PCR. Ten isolates were identified either as T. chanchalensis alone ( n  = 7), or mixed infection with T. chanchalensis and T. nativa ( n  = 2) or T. chanchalensis and Trichinella T6 ( n  = 1)]. Conclusions Wolverine hosted high prevalence, high larval intensity, and multiple species of Trichinella , likely due to their scavenging habits, apex position in the food chain, and wide home range. Wolverine (especially adult males) should be considered as a sentinel species for surveys for Trichinella spp. across their distributional range. Graphical Abstract
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04636-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2409480-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    First records of Dermacentor albipictus larvae collected by flagging in Yukon, Canada
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Parasites & Vectors Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Parasites & Vectors, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: The winter tick ( Dermacentor albipictus ) has garnered significant attention throughout North America for its impact on wildlife health, and especially for moose ( Alces alces ), where high tick burdens may result in host hair loss, anemia, and can prove fatal. The environmental transmission of D. albipictus larvae to a host is a critical event that has direct impact on infestation success, yet in-field observations of this life stage are lacking. In Yukon, Canada, D. albipictus had previously been found on hosts, but its larval life stage had not been detected in the field, despite previous sampling attempts. Methods We sampled for D. albipictus larvae using traditional flagging methods in Ibex Valley and Braeburn, Yukon. Sites were sampled repeatedly for D. albipictus larvae by flagging from late August to end of October in 2018 and late August to end of November 2019. Results Larvae of D. albipictus were collected throughout Ibex Valley, at approximate densities ranging from 0.04 to 4236 larvae/100 m 2 . Larvae were present primarily on grassy vegetation on south-facing slopes in the Ibex Valley region and in Braeburn. Highest average larval numbers suggest peak questing activity was towards the end of September and beginning of October, as elsewhere in North America. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we report the first successful collection of the off-host, larval life stage of D. albipictus by flagging, north of 60° latitude in Yukon, Canada. These new observations provide critical information on the spatial distribution of the host-seeking life stage of D. albipictus and confirm that this species is completing its whole life cycle in southern Yukon. Understanding the environmental conditions where larvae spend their vulnerable period off-host in this northern location can inform both management strategies and projections of future range expansion which may occur with a changing climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04425-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2409480-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Bison (〈i〉Bison bison〈/i〉) activity fragments subnivean tunnels of small mammals
    Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club ; 2020
    In:  The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 134, No. 2 ( 2020-09-21), p. 161-164
    Details
    In: The Canadian Field-Naturalist, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club, Vol. 134, No. 2 ( 2020-09-21), p. 161-164
    Abstract: Ecological interactions between ungulates and small mammals are generally not well understood. Here, we report an observation of unusually extensive small mammal (likely Meadow Vole [Microtus pennsylvanicus] or Tundra Vole [Microtus oeconomus] ) tracks above the snow, exiting from trails and bed sites created by Bison (Bison bison) in northern Canada. We believe that weather and snow conditions were optimal for this observation. Although alteration of above-snow activity of small mammals in response to snow compaction by ungulates is probably not a rare event, it is not often reported. The effect on voles of exiting their subnivean tunnels as a result of Bison activity is unclear, but may be detrimental to their overwinter survival. Ungulate activity compacts snow, fragmenting small mammal tunnels resulting in loss of their insulative value for voles, and making it harder for them to dig new tunnels. Clearly, determining the effect of snow disturbance by gregarious ungulates on voles or other microtines, particularly regarding their overwinter survival, requires detailed investigation. Nevertheless, this observation provides new information on the ecological interactions between ungulates and small mammals, particularly from the boreal forest, where such information is largely lacking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-3550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.22621/cfn.v134i2.2433
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2658336-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2600698-4
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Isolation and Characterization of Brachyspira spp. Including “Brachyspira hampsonii” from Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) in the Canadian Arctic
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Microbial Ecology Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2013-11), p. 813-822
    Details
    In: Microbial Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2013-11), p. 813-822
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-3628 , 1432-184X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0273-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462065-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 188257-0
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  • 6
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    Feather corticosterone reveals effect of moulting conditions in the autumn on subsequent reproductive output and survival in an Arctic migratory bird
    The Royal Society ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 282, No. 1800 ( 2015-02-07), p. 20142085-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 282, No. 1800 ( 2015-02-07), p. 20142085-
    Abstract: For birds, unpredictable environments during the energetically stressful times of moulting and breeding are expected to have negative fitness effects. Detecting those effects however, might be difficult if individuals modulate their physiology and/or behaviours in ways to minimize short-term fitness costs. Corticosterone in feathers (CORTf) is thought to provide information on total baseline and stress-induced CORT levels at moulting and is an integrated measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity during the time feathers are grown. We predicted that CORTf levels in northern common eider females would relate to subsequent body condition, reproductive success and survival, in a population of eiders nesting in the eastern Canadian Arctic during a capricious period marked by annual avian cholera outbreaks. We collected CORTf data from feathers grown during previous moult in autumn and data on phenology of subsequent reproduction and survival for 242 eider females over 5 years. Using path analyses, we detected a direct relationship between CORTf and arrival date and body condition the following year. CORTf also had negative indirect relationships with both eider reproductive success and survival of eiders during an avian cholera outbreak. This indirect effect was dramatic with a reduction of approximately 30% in subsequent survival of eiders during an avian cholera outbreak when mean CORTf increased by 1 standard deviation. This study highlights the importance of events or processes occurring during moult on subsequent expression of life-history traits and relation to individual fitness, and shows that information from non-destructive sampling of individuals can track carry-over effects across seasons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2085
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
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    SSG: 25
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  • 7
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    Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2016-11), p. 1481-1490
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 85, No. 6 ( 2016-11), p. 1481-1490
    Abstract: Infectious diseases have the potential to spread rapidly and cause high mortality within populations of immunologically naïve hosts. The recent appearance of avian cholera, a highly virulent disease of birds caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida , at remote Arctic seabird colonies is an emerging conservation concern. Determining disease risk to population viability requires a quantitative understanding of transmission potential and the factors that regulate epidemic persistence. Estimates of the basic ( R 0 ) and real‐time ( R t ) reproductive number are critical in this regard – enumerating the number of secondary infections caused by each primary infection in a newly invaded host population and the decline in transmission rate as susceptible individuals are removed via mortality or immunized recovery. Here, we use data collected at a closely monitored common eider ( Somateria mollissima ) breeding colony located in the Canadian Arctic to examine transmission and host population dynamics. Specifically, we infer epidemic curves from daily mortality observations and use a likelihood‐based procedure to estimate changes in the reproductive number over a series of annual outbreaks. These data are interpreted in relation to concurrent changes in host numbers to assess local extinction risk. Consistent with expectations for a novel pathogen invasion, case incidence increased exponentially during the initial wave of exposure ( R 0  = 2·5; generation time  = 6·5 days ± 1·1 SD). Disease conditions gradually abated, but only after several years of smouldering infection ( R t  ≈ 1). In total, 6194 eider deaths were recorded during outbreaks spanning eight consecutive breeding seasons. Breeding pair abundance declined by 56% from the pre‐outbreak peak; however, a robust population of 〉 4000 pairs remained intact upon epidemic fade‐out. Overall, outbreak patterns were consistent with herd immunity acting as a mitigating factor governing in the extent and duration of mortality. Disease mortality is frequently modelled as a form of stochastic catastrophe in wildlife population assessments, whereas our approach gives shape to the functional response between transmission and host population dynamics. We conclude that increased emphasis on integrating epidemiological and population processes is essential to predicting the conservation impact of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jane.2016.85.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12585
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Variation in immune function, body condition, and feather corticosterone in nestling Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on reclaimed wetlands in the Athabasca oil sands, Alberta, Canada
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Environmental Pollution Vol. 158, No. 3 ( 2010-03), p. 841-848
    Details
    In: Environmental Pollution, Elsevier BV, Vol. 158, No. 3 ( 2010-03), p. 841-848
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.025
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280652-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013037-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 9
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    Effects of capture on stress-axis measures in endangered little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus )
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Mammalogy Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2022-01-25), p. 91-99
    Details
    In: Journal of Mammalogy, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 1 ( 2022-01-25), p. 91-99
    Abstract: Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are a widely distributed species in North America that have been decimated by the fungal disease white-nose syndrome. As such, little brown bats are the focus of monitoring and research initiatives that often include capturing and handling free-ranging individuals. We examined the stress response of 198 adult female little brown bats after being captured from three bat houses, during the summer. Our objective was to inform best practices to researchers capturing and handling bats in the wild. We compared the stress response among bats held for & lt;3 min (baseline), 15–30 min, or & gt;30 min, and then among bats held alone or in a group with conspecifics. We measured the levels of plasma total and free cortisol, maximum corticosteroid binding capacity (MCBC), and blood glucose. Relative to baseline, total and free cortisol levels were significantly higher in bats held for 15–30 min and higher still in those held for & gt; 30 min. Blood glucose levels were elevated after & gt;30 min of holding. MCBC levels showed no differences among holding times. We detected a weak effect of social holding condition, with solitary-held bats having lower total cortisol levels than group-held bats, but MCBC, free cortisol, and blood glucose levels showed no effect of social holding condition. Our findings demonstrate that capture time should be minimized and suggest that little brown bats should be handled and released within 30 min of capture as means of reducing stress. Further, solitary holding did not appear to increase stress measures, which supports holding bats individually after capture, instead of in groups, to reduce risk of pathogen and parasite transmission.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-2372 , 1545-1542
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab135
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066602-0
    SSG: 12
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