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  • 1
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    The first day of the Cenozoic
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 39 ( 2019-09-24), p. 19342-19351
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 39 ( 2019-09-24), p. 19342-19351
    Abstract: Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)–International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by 〈 1 m of micrite-rich carbonate deposited over subsequent weeks to years. We present an interpreted series of events based on analyses of these drill cores. Within minutes of the impact, centrally uplifted basement rock collapsed outward to form a peak ring capped in melt rock. Within tens of minutes, the peak ring was covered in ∼40 m of brecciated impact melt rock and coarse-grained suevite, including clasts possibly generated by melt–water interactions during ocean resurge. Within an hour, resurge crested the peak ring, depositing a 10-m-thick layer of suevite with increased particle roundness and sorting. Within hours, the full resurge deposit formed through settling and seiches, resulting in an 80-m-thick fining-upward, sorted suevite in the flooded crater. Within a day, the reflected rim-wave tsunami reached the crater, depositing a cross-bedded sand-to-fine gravel layer enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons overlain by charcoal fragments. Generation of a deep crater open to the ocean allowed rapid flooding and sediment accumulation rates among the highest known in the geologic record. The high-resolution section provides insight into the impact environmental effects, including charcoal as evidence for impact-induced wildfires and a paucity of sulfur-rich evaporites from the target supporting rapid global cooling and darkness as extinction mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909479116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 11
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Subfossil Molecular Remains of Purple Sulfur Bacteria in a Lake Sediment
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 11 ( 1998-11), p. 4513-4521
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 11 ( 1998-11), p. 4513-4521
    Abstract: Molecular remains of purple sulfur bacteria ( Chromatiaceae ) were detected in Holocene sediment layers of a meromictic salt lake (Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada). The carotenoid okenone and bacteriophaeophytin a were present in sediments up to 11,000 years old. Okenone is specific for only a few species of Chromatiaceae , including Amoebobacter purpureus , which presently predominates in the chemocline bacterial community of the lake. With a primer set specific for Chromatiaceae in combination with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene sequences of four different Chromatiaceae species were retrieved from different depths of the sediment. One of the sequences, which originated from a 9,100-year-old sample, was 99.2% identical to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of A. purpureus ML1 isolated from the chemocline. Employing primers specific for A. purpureus ML1 and dot blot hybridization of the PCR products, the detection limit for A. purpureus ML1 DNA could be lowered to 0.004% of the total community DNA. With this approach the DNA of the isolate was detected in 7 of 10 sediment layers, indicating that A. purpureus ML1 constituted at least a part of the ancient purple sulfur bacterial community. The concentrations of A. purpureus DNA and okenone in the sediment were not correlated, and the ratio of DNA to okenone was much lower in the subfossil sediment layers (2.7 · 10 −6 ) than in intact cells (1.4). This indicates that degradation rates are significantly higher for genomic DNA than for hydrocarbon cell constituents, even under anoxic conditions and at the very high sulfide concentrations present in Mahoney Lake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.11.4513-4521.1998
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 3
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    7000 Years of Emiliania huxleyi Viruses in the Black Sea
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2011
    In:  Science Vol. 333, No. 6041 ( 2011-07-22), p. 451-452
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 333, No. 6041 ( 2011-07-22), p. 451-452
    Abstract: A 7000-year record of Coccolithovirus and its host, the calcifying haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi , was reconstructed on the basis of genetic signatures preserved in sediments underlying the Black Sea. The data show that the same virus and host populations can persist for centuries. Major changes in virus and host populations occurred during early sapropel deposition, ~5600 years ago, and throughout the formation of the coccolith-bearing sediments of Unit I during the past 2500 years, when the Black Sea experienced dramatic changes in hydrologic and nutrient regimes. Unit I saw a reoccurrence of the same host genotype thousands of years later in the presence of a different subset of viruses. Historical plankton virus populations can thus be included in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1200072
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
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    Variations in spatial and temporal distribution of Archaea in the North Sea in relation to environmental variables : Marine Archaea in the North Sea
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2007-12), p. 242-257
    Details
    In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2007-12), p. 242-257
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-6496 , 1574-6941
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fem.2007.62.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00397.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501712-6
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  • 5
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    Vertical distribution of metabolically active eukaryotes in the water column and sediments of the Black Sea
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  FEMS Microbiology Ecology Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 2009-12), p. 525-539
    Details
    In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 70, No. 3 ( 2009-12), p. 525-539
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-6496 , 1574-6941
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fem.2009.70.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00756.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501712-6
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  • 6
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    Benthic biodiversity on old platforms, young wind farms, and rocky reefs
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 3 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1250-1265
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 3 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1250-1265
    Abstract: The introduction of artificial hard substrates in an area dominated by a sandy seabed increases habitat available to epifouling organisms. To investigate this, samples were taken on old offshore oil and gas platforms, and data were compared with data of a young wind farm and a natural reef. Depth, sampling date, abundance of Mytilus edulis, Psammechinus miliaris, Metridium dianthus, and the presence of Tubulariidae and substrate (rock or steel) all correlated with species richness. Multivariate analysis showed a large overlap in communities on steel and rock and between the wind farm and platforms. The community changed over a gradient from deep rocks to shallow steel substrate, but no strong community differentiation was observed. Deep steel was more similar to natural rocks than shallow steel. When an artificial reef is intended to be colonized by communities similar to those on a natural reef, its structure should resemble a natural reef as much as possible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy092
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 7
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    Holocene paleodepositional changes reflected in the sedimentary microbiome of the Black Sea
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Geobiology Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 436-448
    Details
    In: Geobiology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2019-07), p. 436-448
    Abstract: Subsurface microbial communities are generally thought to be structured through in situ environmental conditions such as the availability of electron acceptors and donors and porosity, but recent studies suggest that the vertical distribution of a subset of subseafloor microbial taxa, which were present at the time of deposition, were selected by the paleodepositional environment. However, additional highly resolved temporal records of subsurface microbiomes and paired paleoenvironmental reconstructions are needed to justify this claim. Here, we performed a highly resolved shotgun metagenomics survey to study the taxonomic and functional diversity of the subsurface microbiome in Holocene sediments underlying the permanently stratified and anoxic Black Sea. Obligate aerobic bacteria made the largest contribution to the observed shifts in microbial communities associated with known Holocene climate stages and transitions. This suggests that the aerobic fraction of the subseafloor microbiome was seeded from the water column and did not undergo post‐depositional selection. In contrast, obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed the most significant response to the establishment of modern‐day environmental conditions 5.2 ka ago that led to a major shift in planktonic communities and in the type of sequestered organic matter available for microbial degradation. No significant shift in the subseafloor microbiome was observed as a result of environmental changes that occurred shortly after the marine reconnection, 9 ka ago. This supports the general view that the marine reconnection was a gradual process. We conclude that a high‐resolution analysis of downcore changes in the subseafloor microbiome can provide detailed insights into paleoenvironmental conditions and biogeochemical processes that occurred at the time of deposition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-4677 , 1472-4669
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gbi.2019.17.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12338
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2113509-5
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  • 8
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    Light regulation of coccolithophore host–virus interactions
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 221, No. 3 ( 2019-02), p. 1289-1302
    Details
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 221, No. 3 ( 2019-02), p. 1289-1302
    Abstract: Viruses that infect photoautotrophs have a fundamental relationship with light, given the need for host resources. We investigated the role of light on Coccolithovirus (EhV) infection of the globally distributed coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi . Light was required for EhV adsorption, and viral production was highest when host cultures were maintained in continuous light or at irradiance levels of 150–300 μmol m −2  s −1 . During the early stages of infection, photosynthetic electron transport remained high, while RuBisCO expression decreased concomitant with an induction of the pentose phosphate pathway, the primary source of de novo nucleotides. A mathematical model developed and fitted to the laboratory data supported the hypothesis that EhV replication was controlled by a trade‐off between host nucleotide recycling and de novo synthesis, and that photoperiod and photon flux could toggle this switch. Laboratory results supported field observations that light was the most robust driver of EhV replication within E. huxleyi populations collected across a 2000 nautical mile transect in the North Atlantic. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that light can drive host–virus interactions through a mechanistic interplay between host metabolic processes, which serve to structure infection and phytoplankton mortality in the upper ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.2019.221.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/nph.15459
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 9
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    Microbial biogeography of drinking water: patterns in phylogenetic diversity across space and time
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2015-07), p. 2505-2514
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2015-07), p. 2505-2514
    Abstract: In this study, we collected water from different locations in 32 drinking water distribution networks in the N etherlands and analysed the spatial and temporal variation in microbial community composition by high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We observed that microbial community compositions of raw source and processed water were very different for each distribution network sampled. In each network, major differences in community compositions were observed between raw and processed water, although community structures of processed water did not differ substantially from end‐point tap water. End‐point water samples within the same distribution network revealed very similar community structures. Network‐specific communities were shown to be surprisingly stable in time. Biofilm communities sampled from domestic water metres varied distinctly between households and showed no resemblance to planktonic communities within the same distribution networks. Our findings demonstrate that high‐throughput sequencing provides a powerful and sensitive tool to probe microbial community composition in drinking water distribution systems. Furthermore, this approach can be used to quantitatively compare the microbial communities to match end‐point water samples to specific distribution networks. Insight in the ecology of drinking water distribution systems will facilitate the development of effective control strategies that will ensure safe and high‐quality drinking water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.2015.17.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12739
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
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  • 10
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    Biochemical diversity of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis as a driver of Coccolithovirus competitive ecology
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 2182-2197
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 2182-2197
    Abstract: Coccolithoviruses (EhVs) are large, double‐stranded DNA‐containing viruses that infect the single‐celled, marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi . Given the cosmopolitan nature and global importance of E. huxleyi as a bloom‐forming, calcifying, photoautotroph, E. huxleyi –EhV interactions play a key role in oceanic carbon biogeochemistry. Virally‐encoded glycosphingolipids (vGSLs) are virulence factors that are produced by the activity of virus‐encoded serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Here, we characterize the dynamics, diversity and catalytic production of vGSLs in an array of EhV strains in relation to their SPT sequence composition and explore the hypothesis that they are a determinant of infectivity and host demise. vGSL production and diversity was positively correlated with increased virulence, virus replication rate and lytic infection dynamics in laboratory experiments, but they do not explain the success of less‐virulent EhVs in natural EhV communities. The majority of EhV‐derived SPT amplicon sequences associated with infected cells in the North Atlantic derived from slower infecting, less virulent EhVs. Our lab‐, field‐ and mathematical model‐based data and simulations support ecological scenarios whereby slow‐infecting, less‐virulent EhVs successfully compete in North Atlantic populations of E. huxleyi , through either the preferential removal of fast‐infecting, virulent EhVs during active infection or by having access to a broader host range.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.2019.21.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14633
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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