In:
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 22 ( 2009-11-15), p. 7107-7114
Abstract:
We investigated coliphages from various fecal sources, including humans and animals, for microbial source tracking in South Korea. Both somatic and F + -specific coliphages were isolated from 43 fecal samples from farms, wild animal habitats, and human wastewater plants. Somatic coliphages were more prevalent and abundant than F + coliphages in all of the tested fecal samples. We further characterized 311 F + coliphage isolates using RNase sensitivity assays, PCR and reverse transcription-PCR, and nucleic acid sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the partial nucleic acid sequences of 311 F + coliphages from various sources. F + RNA coliphages were most prevalent among geese (95%) and were least prevalent in cows (5%). Among the genogroups of F + RNA coliphages, most F + coliphages isolated from animal fecal sources belonged to either group I or group IV, and most from human wastewater sources were in group II or III. Some of the group I coliphages were present in both human and animal source samples. F + RNA coliphages isolated from various sources were divided into two main clusters. All F + RNA coliphages isolated from human wastewater were grouped with Qβ-like phages, while phages isolated from most animal sources were grouped with MS2-like phages. UniFrac significance statistical analyses revealed significant differences between human and animal bacteriophages. In the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), F + RNA coliphages isolated from human waste were distinctively separate from those isolated from other animal sources. However, F + DNA coliphages were not significantly different or separate in the PCoA. These results demonstrate that proper analysis of F + RNA coliphages can effectively distinguish fecal sources.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0099-2240
,
1098-5336
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.00464-09
Language:
English
Publisher:
American Society for Microbiology
Publication Date:
2009
detail.hit.zdb_id:
223011-2
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1478346-0
SSG:
12
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