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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 722-730
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2015-06), p. 722-730
    Abstract: A large proportion of European biodiversity today depends on habitat provided by low‐intensity farming practices, yet this resource is declining as European agriculture intensifies. Within the European Union, particularly the central and eastern new member states have retained relatively large areas of species‐rich farmland, but despite increased investment in nature conservation here in recent years, farmland biodiversity trends appear to be worsening. Although the high biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland has long been reported, the amount of research in the international literature focused on farmland biodiversity in this region remains comparatively tiny, and measures within the EU Common Agricultural Policy are relatively poorly adapted to support it. In this opinion study, we argue that, 10 years after the accession of the first eastern EU new member states, the continued under‐representation of the low‐intensity farmland in Central and Eastern Europe in the international literature and EU policy is impeding the development of sound, evidence‐based conservation interventions. The biodiversity benefits for Europe of existing low‐intensity farmland, particularly in the central and eastern states, should be harnessed before they are lost. Instead of waiting for species‐rich farmland to further decline, targeted research and monitoring to create locally appropriate conservation strategies for these habitats is needed now.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.2015.21.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12288
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 2
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    Hypoxia up‐regulates the angiogenic cytokine secretoneurin via an HIF‐1α‐ and basic FGF‐dependent pathway in muscle cells
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  The FASEB Journal Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2007-09), p. 2906-2917
    Details
    In: The FASEB Journal, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2007-09), p. 2906-2917
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0892-6638 , 1530-6860
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1096/fsb2.v21.11
    DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7440com
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468876-1
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  • 3
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    Wherever I may roam—Human activity alters movements of red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and elk ( Cervus canadensis ) across two continents
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 29, No. 20 ( 2023-10), p. 5788-5801
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 20 ( 2023-10), p. 5788-5801
    Abstract: Human activity and associated landscape modifications alter the movements of animals with consequences for populations and ecosystems worldwide. Species performing long‐distance movements are thought to be particularly sensitive to human impact. Despite the increasing anthropogenic pressure, it remains challenging to understand and predict animals' responses to human activity. Here we address this knowledge gap using 1206 Global Positioning System movement trajectories of 815 individuals from 14 red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and 14 elk ( Cervus canadensis ) populations spanning wide environmental gradients, namely the latitudinal range from the Alps to Scandinavia in Europe, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in North America. We measured individual‐level movements relative to the environmental context, or movement expression, using the standardized metric Intensity of Use, reflecting both the directionality and extent of movements. We expected movement expression to be affected by resource (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) predictability and topography, but those factors to be superseded by human impact. Red deer and elk movement expression varied along a continuum, from highly segmented trajectories over relatively small areas (high intensity of use), to directed transitions through restricted corridors (low intensity of use). Human activity (Human Footprint Index, HFI) was the strongest driver of movement expression, with a steep increase in Intensity of Use as HFI increased, but only until a threshold was reached. After exceeding this level of impact, the Intensity of Use remained unchanged. These results indicate the overall sensitivity of Cervus movement expression to human activity and suggest a limitation of plastic responses under high human pressure, despite the species also occurring in human‐dominated landscapes. Our work represents the first comparison of metric‐based movement expression across widely distributed populations of a deer genus, contributing to the understanding and prediction of animals' responses to human activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v29.20
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16769
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 4
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    Do grains whisper for help? Evidence for herbivore‐induced synomones in wheat grains
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol. 115, No. 1 ( 2005-04), p. 239-245
    Details
    In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Wiley, Vol. 115, No. 1 ( 2005-04), p. 239-245
    Abstract: Thus far, the release of herbivore‐induced synomones (HIS) has almost exclusively been demonstrated in somatic plant tissue. Here we present evidence for the production of HIS from reproductive tissue, i.e., seeds. The study system consisted of wheat grains ( Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) infested by larvae of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), which in turn are attacked by the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus Förster (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). The use of potential chemical signals from the infested grain for host recognition of L. distinguendus was studied with weevil‐infested grains that had developed under a range of humidity conditions. Wasps always performed longer antennal drumming on infested than healthy grains, demonstrating that they were able to recognize infested grains under all humidity conditions. In grains developed at a high humidity (75% r.h.), host recognition is enabled by chemical signals arising from the host faeces which densely cover infested grains. However, in grains from a low humidity (45% r.h.) almost no faeces are present, indicating that other cues are used by the wasp. Control experiments revealed that these other cues are neither chemical signals from faeces contaminations, volatiles from faeces nor host larvae inside the grain, movement of host larvae, or moisture content of infested grains. Therefore, wasp recognition of infested grains in low humidity conditions is probably based on chemical signals from the grain itself that are induced by the feeding of granary weevil larva. Further experiments revealed that infested grains increase their viability when granary weevil larvae are killed by the idiobiont L. distinguendus . This justifies the categorisation of potential signals from the grain as HIS. To our knowledge, this is the only system where potential HIS in plant seeds have been studied. We discuss whether potential HIS are actively produced by infested grains or are a by‐product of grain metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-8703 , 1570-7458
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/eea.2005.115.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00295.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015286-3
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  • 5
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    Molecular cloning and localization of caprine relaxin-like factor (RLF) mRNA within the goat testis
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Molecular Reproduction and Development Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 1999-06), p. 135-141
    Details
    In: Molecular Reproduction and Development, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 1999-06), p. 135-141
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-452X , 1098-2795
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199906)53:2〈〉1.0.CO;2-X
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2795
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199906)53:2〈135::AID-MRD2〉3.0.CO;2-J
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1493888-1
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  • 6
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    Adrenomedullin disulfide bond mimetics uncover structural requirements for AM 1 receptor activation
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Peptide Science Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2019-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Peptide Science, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2019-03)
    Abstract: Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a vasoactive peptide hormone of 52 amino acids and belongs to the calcitonin peptide superfamily. Its vasodilative effects are mediated by the interaction with the calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR), a class B G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), associated with the receptor activity modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) and functionally described as AM‐1 receptor (AM 1 R). A disulfide‐bonded ring structure consisting of six amino acids between Cys 16 and Cys 21 has been shown to be a key motif for receptor activation. However, the specific structural requirements remain to be elucidated. To investigate the influence of ring size and position of additional functional groups that replace the native disulfide bond, we generated ADM analogs containing thioether, thioacetal, alkane, and lactam bonds between amino acids 16 and 21 by Fmoc/ t‐ Bu solid phase peptide synthesis. Activity studies of the ADM disulfide bond mimetics (DSBM) revealed a strong impact of structural parameters. Interestingly, an increased ring size was tolerated but the activity of lactam‐based mimetics depended on its position within the bridging structure. Furthermore, we found the thioacetal as well as the thioether‐based mimetics to be well accepted with full AM 1 R activity. While a reduced selectivity over the calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor (CGRPR) was observed for the thioethers, the thioacetal was able to retain a wild–type‐like selectivity profile. The carbon analog in contrast displayed weak antagonistic properties. These results provide insight into the structural requirements for AM 1 R activation as well as new possibilities for the development of metabolically stabilized analogs for therapeutic applications of ADM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1075-2617 , 1099-1387
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/psc.v25.3
    DOI: 10.1002/psc.3147
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491819-5
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  • 7
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    Bacterial Surface Traits Influence Digestion by Tetrahymena pyriformis and Alter Opportunity to Escape from Food Vacuoles
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2018-07), p. 600-611
    Details
    In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 65, No. 5 ( 2018-07), p. 600-611
    Abstract: Endosymbiotic interactions are frequently found in nature, especially in the group of protists. Even though many endosymbioses have been studied in detail, little is known about the mechanistic origins and physiological prerequisites of endosymbiont establishment. A logical step towards the development of endocytobiotic associations is evading digestion and escaping from the host's food vacuoles. Surface properties of bacteria are probably involved in these processes. Therefore, we chemically modified the surface of a transformant strain of Escherichia coli prior to feeding to Tetrahymena pyriformis . N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N’‐ethylcarbodiimide allows any substance carrying amino‐ or carboxyl groups to be bound covalently to the bacterial surface by forming a peptide bond, thus, altering its properties biochemically and biophysically in a predictable manner. The effect of different traits on digestion of T. pyriformis was examined by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The efficiency of digestion differs considerably depending on the coupled substances. Alkaline substances inhibit digestion partially, resulting in incomplete digestion and slightly enhanced escape rates. Increasing hydrophobicity leads to much higher escape frequencies. Both results point to possible mechanisms employed by pathogenic bacteria or potential endosymbionts in evading digestion and transmission to the host's cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1066-5234 , 1550-7408
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jeu.2018.65.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12504
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2126326-7
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  • 8
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    Can multi‐taxa diversity in European beech forest landscapes be increased by combining different management systems?
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1363-1375
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2020-07), p. 1363-1375
    Abstract: Waldbewirtschaftung beeinflusst Biodiversität sowohl lokal auf der Ebene des Bestandes als auch auf der Landschaftsebene. Eine Vielfalt von Bewirtschaftungssystemen könnte zu einer Erhöhung der Biodiversität in der Landschaft beitragen, sofern unterschiedliche Bestandeseigenschaften geschaffen werden, die komplementäre Artengemeinschaften unterstützen. In Buchenwald‐Landschaften Mitteleuropas wird vorrangig eine Mischung selektiver Holznutzungsformen, wie sie z. B. in Plenterwäldern realisiert wird, mit unbewirtschafteten Wäldern auf Kosten traditioneller Schirmschlagverfahren in Altersklassenwäldern empfohlen. Wissenschaftliche Nachweise, dass eine daraus resultierende Zusammensetzung der Waldlandschaft die Biodiversität fördert fehlten jedoch bisher. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir die Biodiversität von 14 taxonomischen Gruppen in „hypothetischen“ Buchenwald‐Landschaften, die aus unterschiedlichen Anteilen von Altersklassenwäldern, Plenterwäldern und unbewirtschafteten Wäldern zusammengesetzt sind. Dazu nutzten wir einen neuen Resampling‐Ansatz, der alle Kombinationen der beprobten Bestände der drei Bewirtschaftungssysteme in 10%‐Schritten (insgesamt 66 verschiedene Landschaften) und mit 1.000‐facher Wiederholung generierte. Wir berechneten die Diversität der unterschiedlichen Landschaften (γ‐Diversität) unter Berücksichtigung aller Arten (= Artenreichtum 0 D) sowie frequenter und dominanter Arten (= Shannon‐Diversität 1 D und Simpson‐Diversität 2 D) und testeten, wie die γ‐Diversität der Gesamtheit aller taxonomischen Gruppen sowie einzelner Gruppen auf die Zusammensetzung der Waldlandschaft reagiert. Die taxonomischen Gruppen wurden auf Bestandsebene im größten, zusammenhängenden Laubwaldgebiet Deutschlands, dem Hainich, erfasst, in dem Altersklassen‐ und Plenterwaldwirtschaft bereits eine jahrhundertelange Tradition haben. Die Wälder des Nationalparks Hainich wurden vor 20 bis 70 Jahren aus der Nutzung genommen. Landschaften, die nur aus Altersklassenwald‐Beständen in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsphasen zusammengesetzt waren, erbrachten über alle taxonomischen Gruppen hinweg ein Maximum an sogenannter γ‐Multidiversität von 97.5% ( 0 D, 1 D). Reine oder gemischte Landschaften aus Plenterwäldern bzw. ungenutzten Wäldern reduzierten die γ‐Multidiversität um bis zu 12.8% ( 1 D). Waldspezialisten reagierten ähnlich ( 1 D: −15.3%). Die Artengemeinschaften der Bewirtschaftungssysteme waren über alle taxonomischen Gruppen hinweg nur in geringem Maße komplementär. Abhängig vom betrachteten Diversitätsmaß ( 0 D, 1 D, 2 D) reagierten 6 bis 9 der taxonomischen Gruppen signifikant auf eine Veränderung der Landschaftszusammensetzung. Die stärkste Reaktion zeigten Spinnen, Käfer, Gefäßpflanzen und Vögel. Mit Ausnahme der Vögel, die von einem geringen Anteil unbewirtschafteter Wälder in einer sonst von Altersklassenwäldern dominierten Landschaft profitierten, zeigten alle genannten Gruppen ein Diversitäts‐Maximum in reinen Altersklassenwald‐Landschaften. Totholz‐zersetzende Pilze hingegen hatten ihr Diversitäts‐Maximumin einer nicht bewirtschafteten Waldlandschaft. Für die Praxis : Unsere Auswertung zeigt, dass eine Mischung ausschließlich selektiver Holznutzungsformen mit unbewirtschafteten Wäldern die Gesamt‐Biodiversität auf der Landschaftsebene nicht fördert, sondern eher reduziert. Schirmschlagverfahren, die auf mittleren Skalen operieren (8 – 18 ha) und zu Altersklassenwald‐Beständen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen innerhalb einer Landschaft führen, scheinen dagegen einen hohen Anteil der erfassten regionalen Artendiversität zu unterstützen. Einzelne taxonomische Gruppen sind jedoch auf das Vorhandensein nicht bewirtschafteter Wälder bzw. kleinflächig genutzter Wälder angewiesen, was die generelle Bedeutung dieser Bewirtschaftungssysteme innerhalb von Waldlandschaften unterstreicht. Unsere Auswertung bezieht sich auf Buchenwälder in einer zusammenhängenden Waldlandschaft. Wir empfehlen die Nutzung unseres vorgestellten Resampling‐Ansatzes, um unsere Ergebnisse in Waldlandschaften anderer Zusammensetzung und Konfiguration zu prüfen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.7
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13635
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 9
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    Decision analysis for seabird recovery: Navigating complexity across ecosystems, balancing competing values and bridging spaces between research and implementation
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 60, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1720-1733
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1720-1733
    Abstract: Nā ngā uara matatini, ngā uara tukituki (whāinga) i pupurihia e ngā momo rōpū, nā ngā whiringa whakahaere matatini (ngā ara rerekē), nā ngā hua pitomata e kore ā muri e hokia, nā te rangawhāwhā o te whakapōkaikaha, me ngā anganga pūata‐kore o te kāwanatanga ngā whakataunga whakauka i uaua ai. Kua whakakaha ake ēnei take rīraparapa ina he koiora nekeneke, he koiora nukunuku te koiora whawhāiti, ka whakamahi i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai me te whenua, ā, ka whai pānga hoki ki te ao o te tangata. Ahakoa ko whakatauria kētia ēnei whakatau, kei reira tonu te wero hei taero i te whakatinanatanga o taua whakatau. Ko te tātari i ngā whakatau tērā tētahi ara whai rongoā, engari itiiti noa nei ngā wā ka tuku atu ki te whakahaerenga whakauka, koia anō rā te koiora nukunuku, whakawhiti i ngā pūnaha rauropi. I whakaritea e mātou he tātaritanga whakataunga ōkawa ki te whakahaerenga whakauka o tētahi manutai nukunuku (Kuaka: Whenua Hou Diving Petrel; Pelecanoides whenuahouensis) e whakawhiti nei i ngā momo pūnaha rauropi. E mahitahi ana ki te Māori (Te Iwi Taketake o Aotearoa), ki ngā kaimahi kāwanataka me ngā kanohi ahumahi, ā, i tautohuhia e mātou kia 11 ngā whiringa e āhei ana. Nā ngā tauira taupori kōmitimiti tino hou nei me ngā tōnga nō ngā mātanga mai i ngā taupānga ‘Shiny’ mātou i matapae ngā momo hua o ngā momo whiringa whakawhiti atu ki ngā momo whāinga hoki. Ā, kātahi ka whakamahia e mātou ētahi momo taputapu tātari‐whakataunga ki te ine i ngā āhuatanga e taea ai te tuku, ā, nā reira i tautohutia te ara kua whiria. Ko te ara kua whiria e whakawhiti nei i ngā momo whāinga, ko tērā i hangaia ki te whakamāurutanga o te pa'anga rama, te whakahaeretanga o ngā tipu me ngā koiora whakatukituki, ā, ko ngā nukuhanga taupori hoki ki waenga i ngā moutere. Ko matapaehia, mā tēnei whiringa e whakaputa mai ngā hua tino pai rawa o te whakauka e whakawhiti atu nei ki ngā uara me ngā pūnaha rauropi, ā, kua tere whakaū tonu mā tētahi anga poutama e whai nei i te tātaritanga whakataunga. Te kōtuitanga me te whakaūtanga . Ka whakatauirahia e mātou ngā hua o te tātaritanga whakataunga ki te tikanga kauawhi ki ngā kaiuru katoa ahakoa ngā momo kapapori kanorau, ahakoa ngā tirohanga rerekē, ka whakamana i te whakaterenga o ngā whakataunga matatini, ā, ka whakahaere i te tautohutanga mārama o ngā whiringa whakahaere e whakaaetia nuitia ana e whakawhiti nei i ngā uara matua, tae noa atu ki te tikanga Māori me ngā take ahumahi. Hei tāpirihanga, ka whakaaturia e mātou nā tā mātou tātaritanga whakataunga i tere kapi i te āpitinga whakaū rangahau, nā reira, e tohe ana mātou he pitomata i kore ki te whakapikinga kounga o te whakaukanga ki te whenua tonu i te whakaūtanga atu o te tātaritanga.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v60.8
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14448
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
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  • 10
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    Consistent seasonal foraging niche segregation between critically endangered Whenua Hou Diving Petrels and abundant Common Diving Petrels
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Ibis Vol. 165, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. 890-904
    Details
    In: Ibis, Wiley, Vol. 165, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. 890-904
    Abstract: Investigations into niche dynamics and interspecific interactions are crucial to assess the vulnerability of threatened species to competition and environmental change. The Whenua Hou Diving Petrel Pelecanoides whenuahouensis is a critically endangered seabird, specializing in breeding in sand dunes in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The species is at risk from competition for burrow sites with the abundant, habitat‐generalist Common Diving Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix chathamensis , among other terrestrial and near‐shore threats (storm‐induced erosion and vessel‐based light pollution). However, Whenua Hou Diving Petrel foraging niches at sea and associated threats are poorly understood. We sampled blood and feathers from both species on Whenua Hou (Codfish Island) during 2017–19 and used stable isotope (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) analyses to quantify foraging niche dynamics and interspecific interactions. During incubation periods, when birds are restricted by central place foraging, diving petrels exhibited clear niche segregation. Whenua Hou Diving Petrels were more generalist feeders with wider isotopic niches than Common Diving Petrels, which exhibited restricted isotopic niches and fed in neritic waters. During non‐breeding periods, foraging niches expanded, and segregation was reduced, as both species dispersed into the Southern Ocean. These patterns were largely consistent among years, despite varying climatic conditions. However, Common Diving Petrel foraging niches appeared to shrink during El Niño conditions, suggesting environmental sensitivity. In contrast, the consistently stable, generalist foraging niches of Whenua Hou Diving Petrels suggested potential limited sensitivity to competition and impacts of environmental change at sea. Recovery efforts should, therefore, focus on addressing the previously identified terrestrial and near‐shore threats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-1019 , 1474-919X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ibi.v165.3
    DOI: 10.1111/ibi.13170
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2071870-6
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807-1
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