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  • American Society for Microbiology  (18)
  • Biodiversity Research  (18)
  • Biology  (18)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Mycobacterium ulcerans in the Environment from Regions in Southeast Australia in Which It Is Endemic with Sequence Capture-PCR
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 66, No. 8 ( 2000-08), p. 3206-3213
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 8 ( 2000-08), p. 3206-3213
    Abstract: We recently described the use of PCR to identify the environmental source of Mycobacterium ulcerans during an outbreak of ulcerative disease that occurred in a localized region of southeast Australia. The PCR used was based on amplification of the M. ulcerans -specific insertion sequence, IS 2404 . In this study we developed a new test that is a substantial improvement over the original PCR method in terms of sensitivity, reliability, and ease of use. In the new method magnetic bead sequence capture-PCR is used to detect two M. ulcerans sequences (IS 2404 and IS 2606 ) and total mycobacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. We used sequence capture-PCR to test water and plant material collected over a 12-month period during 1998 and 1999 from sites near the centers of two distinct foci of M. ulcerans infections. A golf course irrigation system in one area and a small shallow lake in another area repeatedly were PCR positive for M. ulcerans . Nearby sites and sites unrelated to the endemic areas were negative. Based on the PCR data, a most-probable-number method was used to estimate the concentration of M. ulcerans cells in positive samples from both regions. This procedure resulted in average concentrations of 0.5 cell per 100 ml of water and 40 cells per 100 g of detritus. Loss of the PCR signal coincided with a decrease in ulcerative disease in each area. These results provide further evidence that M. ulcerans may be transmitted from a point environmental source and demonstrate the utility of magnetic bead sequence capture-PCR for identification of nonculturable microbial pathogens in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.66.8.3206-3213.2000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bacteriocin (Mutacin) Production by Streptococcus mutans Genome Sequence Reference Strain UA159: Elucidation of the Antimicrobial Repertoire by Genetic Dissection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 71, No. 11 ( 2005-11), p. 7613-7617
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 11 ( 2005-11), p. 7613-7617
    Abstract: Streptococcus mutans UA159, the genome sequence reference strain, exhibits nonlantibiotic mutacin activity. In this study, bioinformatic and mutational analyses were employed to demonstrate that the antimicrobial repertoire of strain UA159 includes mutacin IV (specified by the nlm locus) and a newly identified bacteriocin, mutacin V (encoded by SMU.1914c).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7613-7617.2005
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pine Oil Cleaner-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and Oxacillin and Involvement of SigB
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2002-11), p. 5417-5421
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2002-11), p. 5417-5421
    Abstract: Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus strain COL resistant to a household pine oil cleaner (POC) were isolated on laboratory media containing POC. S. aureus mutants expressing the POC resistance (POC r ) phenotype also demonstrate reduced susceptibility to the cell wall-active antibiotics vancomycin and oxacillin. The POC r phenotype is reliant on the S. aureus alternative transcription factor SigB, since inactivation of sigB abolished expression of elevated POC resistance and the reductions in vancomycin and oxacillin susceptibilities. The isolation of suppressor mutants of COL sigB :: kan , which maintain the sigB :: kan allele, indicates that the POC r phenotype can also be expressed to a lesser degree via a sigB -independent mechanism. These results bolster a growing body of reports suggesting that common disinfectants can select for bacteria with reduced susceptibilities to antibiotics. A series of in vitro-selected glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) isolates also expressed reductions in POC susceptibility compared to parent strains. Viewed collectively, our evidence suggests that mutations leading to the POC r phenotype may also be involved with the mechanism that leads to the GISA phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5417-5421.2002
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and the Challenges to Its Extension to Nonlegumes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 82, No. 13 ( 2016-07), p. 3698-3710
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 13 ( 2016-07), p. 3698-3710
    Abstract: Access to fixed or available forms of nitrogen limits the productivity of crop plants and thus food production. Nitrogenous fertilizer production currently represents a significant expense for the efficient growth of various crops in the developed world. There are significant potential gains to be had from reducing dependence on nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture in the developed world and in developing countries, and there is significant interest in research on biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for increasing its importance in an agricultural setting. Biological nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric N 2 to NH 3 , a form that can be used by plants. However, the process is restricted to bacteria and archaea and does not occur in eukaryotes. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is part of a mutualistic relationship in which plants provide a niche and fixed carbon to bacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. This process is restricted mainly to legumes in agricultural systems, and there is considerable interest in exploring whether similar symbioses can be developed in nonlegumes, which produce the bulk of human food. We are at a juncture at which the fundamental understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has matured to a level that we can think about engineering symbiotic relationships using synthetic biology approaches. This minireview highlights the fundamental advances in our understanding of biological nitrogen fixation in the context of a blueprint for expanding symbiotic nitrogen fixation to a greater diversity of crop plants through synthetic biology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01055-16
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incidence of Male-Killing Rickettsia spp. (α-Proteobacteria) in the Ten-Spot Ladybird Beetle Adalia decempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 270-277
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2001-01), p. 270-277
    Abstract: The diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria that kill male host offspring during embryogenesis and their frequencies in certain groups of host taxa suggest that the evolution of male killing and the subsequent spread of male-killing symbionts are primarily determined by host life history characteristics. We studied the 10-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia decempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in which male killing has not been recorded previously, to test this hypothesis, and we also assessed the evolution of the male killer identified by DNA sequence analysis. Our results show that A. decempunctata harbors male-killing Rickettsia (α-proteobacteria). Male-killing bacteria belonging to the genus Rickettsia have previously been reported only for the congeneric two-spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata L. Phylogenetic analysis of Rickettsia DNA sequences isolated from different populations of the two host species revealed a single origin of male killing in the genus Rickettsia . The data also indicated possible horizontal transfer of symbionts between host species. In addition, A. bipunctata is known to bear at least four different male-killing symbionts in its geographic range two of which coexist in the two locations from which A. decempunctata specimens were obtained for the present study. Since only a single male-killing taxon was found in A. decempunctata , we assume that the two closely related ladybird beetle species must differ in the number and/or geographic distribution of male killers. We discuss the importance of these findings to our understanding of the evolution and dynamics of symbiotic associations between male-killing bacteria and their insect hosts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.270-277.2001
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immobilization of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals through Anaerobic Bio-Oxidation of Fe(II)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 2704-2710
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 2704-2710
    Abstract: Adsorption of heavy metals and radionuclides (HMR) onto iron and manganese oxides has long been recognized as an important reaction for the immobilization of these compounds. However, in environments containing elevated concentrations of these HMR the adsorptive capacity of the iron and manganese oxides may well be exceeded, and the HMR can migrate as soluble compounds in aqueous systems. Here we demonstrate the potential of a bioremediative strategy for HMR stabilization in reducing environments based on the recently described anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation by Dechlorosoma species. Bio-oxidation of 10 mM Fe(II) and precipitation of Fe(III) oxides by these organisms resulted in rapid adsorption and removal of 55 μM uranium and 81 μM cobalt from solution. The adsorptive capacity of the biogenic Fe(III) oxides was lower than that of abiotically produced Fe(III) oxides (100 μM for both metals), which may have been a result of steric hindrance by the microbial cells on the iron oxide surfaces. The binding capacity of the biogenic oxides for different heavy metals was indirectly correlated to the atomic radius of the bound element. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the uranium was bound to the biogenically produced Fe(III) oxides as U(VI) and that the U(VI) formed bidentate and tridentate inner-sphere complexes with the Fe(III) oxide surfaces. Dechlorosoma suillum oxidation was specific for Fe(II), and the organism did not enzymatically oxidize U(IV) or Co(II). Small amounts (less than 2.5 μM) of Cr(III) were reoxidized by D. suillum ; however, this appeared to be inversely dependent on the initial concentration of the Cr(III). The results of this study demonstrate the potential of this novel approach for stabilization and immobilization of HMR in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.6.2704-2710.2002
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production of a Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolymer in Insect Cells with a Modified Eucaryotic Fatty Acid Synthase
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 1998-01), p. 383-383
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 1998-01), p. 383-383
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.64.1.383-383.1998
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Bacillus anthracis , Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 1068-1080
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2004-02), p. 1068-1080
    Abstract: DNA from over 300 Bacillus thuringiensis , Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). B. thuringiensis and B. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the American Type Culture Collection, and over 200 B. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection. Twenty-four diverse B. anthracis isolates were also included. Phylogenetic analysis of AFLP data revealed extensive diversity within B. thuringiensis and B. cereus compared to the monomorphic nature of B. anthracis . All of the B. anthracis strains were more closely related to each other than to any other Bacillus isolate, while B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains populated the entire tree. Ten distinct branches were defined, with many branches containing both B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates. A single branch contained all the B. anthracis isolates plus an unusual B. thuringiensis isolate that is pathogenic in mice. In contrast, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (ATCC 33679) and other isolates used to prepare insecticides mapped distal to the B. anthracis isolates. The interspersion of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates within the phylogenetic tree suggests that phenotypic traits used to distinguish between these two species do not reflect the genomic content of the different isolates and that horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in establishing the phenotype of each of these microbes. B. thuringiensis isolates of a particular subspecies tended to cluster together.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.1068-1080.2004
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Homogeneity of Campylobacter Subtypes from Cattle and Sheep across Northeastern and Southwestern Scotland
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 75, No. 19 ( 2009-10), p. 6275-6281
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 19 ( 2009-10), p. 6275-6281
    Abstract: Source attribution using molecular subtypes has implicated cattle and sheep as sources of human Campylobacter infection. Whether the Campylobacter subtypes associated with cattle and sheep vary spatiotemporally remains poorly known, especially at national levels. Here we describe spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence, bacterial enumeration, and subtype composition in Campylobacter isolates from cattle and sheep feces from northeastern (63 farms, 414 samples) and southwestern (71 farms, 449 samples) Scotland during 2005 to 2006. Isolates (201) were categorized as sequence type (ST), as clonal complex (CC), and as Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). No significant difference in average prevalence (cattle, 22%; sheep, 25%) or average enumeration (cattle, 2.7 × 10 4 CFU/g; sheep, 2.0 × 10 5 CFU/g) was found between hosts or regions. The four most common STs ( C. jejuni ST-19, ST-42, and ST-61 and C. coli ST-827) occurred in both hosts, whereas STs of the C. coli ST-828 clonal complex were more common in sheep. Neither host yielded evidence for regional differences in ST, CC, or MLST allele composition. Isolates from the two hosts combined, categorized as ST or CC, were more similar within than between farms but showed no further spatiotemporal trends up to 330 km and 50 weeks between farm samples. In contrast, both regions yielded evidence for significant differences in ST, CC, and allele composition between hosts, such that 65% of isolates could be attributed to a known host. These results suggest that cattle and sheep within the spatiotemporal scales analyzed are each capable of contributing homogeneous Campylobacter strains to human infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00499-09
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protoplast Regeneration in Clostridium tertium : Isolation of Derivatives with High-Frequency Regeneration
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1984
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 1984-12), p. 1246-1247
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 1984-12), p. 1246-1247
    Abstract: A procedure was developed for the formation and regeneration of protoplasts in Clostridium tertium . Although in the parent strain most of the protoplasts gave rise to L-form colonies, derivatives could be isolated which exhibited high regeneration frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.48.6.1246-1247.1984
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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