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  • 1
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 1, No. 3 ( 1991-08), p. 237-248
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, JSTOR, Vol. 80, No. 3 ( 1993), p. 528-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-6493
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052088-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2263512-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Insect Physiology Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 1990-1), p. 339-344
    In: Journal of Insect Physiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 1990-1), p. 339-344
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482429-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 1991
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 159, No. 1 ( 1991-09-01), p. 109-133
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 159, No. 1 ( 1991-09-01), p. 109-133
    Abstract: The kinematics of prey capture by the chamaeleonid lizard Chamaeleo oustaleti were studied using high-speed cinematography. Three feeding sequences from each of two individuals were analyzed for strike distances of 20 and 35 cm, at 30°C. Ten distances and angles were measured from sequential frames beginning approximately 0.5 s prior to tongue projection and continuing for about 1.0 s. Sixteen additional variables, documenting maximum excursions and the timing of events, were calculated from the kinematic profiles. Quantified descriptions of head, hyoid and tongue movements are presented. Previously unrecognized rapid protraction of the hyobranchial skeleton simultaneously with the onset of tongue projection was documented and it is proposed that this assists the accelerator muscle in powering tongue projection. Acceleration of the tongue occurred in about 20ms, reaching a maximum acceleration of 486 m s−2 and maximum velocity of 5.8m s−1 in 35 cm strikes. Deceleration of the tongue usually began within 5 ms before prey contract and the direction of tongue movement was reversed within 10 ms of prey contact. Retraction of the tongue, caused by shortening of the retractor muscles, reached a maximum velocity of 2.99 ms−1 and was complete 330 ms after prey contact. Projection distance influences many aspects of prey capture kinematics, particularly projection time, tongue retraction time and the extent of gape and head movements during tongue retraction, all of which are smaller in shorter feedings. Though several features of the chameleon strike have apparently been retained from lizards not capable of ballistic tongue projection, key differences are documented. Unlike members of a related family, the Agamidae, C. oustaleti uses no body lunge during prey capture, exhibits gape reduction during tongue projection and strongly depresses the head and jaws during tongue retraction. Note: Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    In: Development, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 120, No. 1 ( 1994-01-01), p. 165-175
    Abstract: We have isolated cDNAs of the murine type II TGF-β receptor and have found a conserved cytoplasmic domain, but a less extensive homology in the extracellular receptor domain between the human and murine homologues. In situ hybridization analysis of the mouse fetus during mid gestation localized the expression of this receptor to various developing tissues, primarily in the mesenchyme and epidermis. This expression pattern correlates well with the expression of TGF-β in general and especially TGF-β1, suggesting that TGF-β1 exerts its developmental role through this receptor in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Type II receptor expression was not detected in the central nervous system and developing cartilage. These tissues lack TGF-β1 expression but express TGF-β2 and/or TGF-β3, suggesting that they may exert their activities through separate receptor isoforms. In addition, the efficient binding of TGF-β1, but not TGF-β2, to the cloned type II receptor strengthens the likelihood that additional type II receptor isoforms exist which display preferential binding to TGF-β2 and have their own defined role in development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-1991 , 1477-9129
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007916-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Company of Biologists ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 168, No. 1 ( 1992-07-01), p. 23-40
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 168, No. 1 ( 1992-07-01), p. 23-40
    Abstract: In this paper we investigate the interaction between the accelerator muscle (the muscle that powers tongue projection) and the entoglossal process (the tongue’s skeletal support) that occurs during tongue projection in chamaeleonid lizards. Previous work has shown that there is a delay of about 185 ms between the onset of accelerator muscle activity and the onset of tongue projection. In conjunction with anatomical observations, in vitro preparations of the accelerator muscle mounted on isolated entoglossal and surrogate processes were stimulated tetanically, and the resulting movements were recorded on video at 200 fields s−1. Three results indicate that morphological features of the entoglossus and the accelerator muscle delay the onset of tongue projection following the onset of accelerator contrac-tion: ( 1) the entoglossus is parallel-sided along the posterior 90% of its shaft, only tapering at the very tip, (2) the sphincter-like portion of the accelerator muscle, which effects tongue projection, makes up the posterior 63% of the muscle and does not contact the tapered region of the entoglossus at rest, and (3) accelerator muscles mounted on the entoglossus undergo longitudinal extension and lateral constriction for 83 ms following the onset of electrical stimulation, before projecting off the entoglossus. It is proposed that, during elongation of the accelerator muscle, the sphincter-like region ultimately comes into contact with the tapered region of the entoglossus, causing the onset of projection. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the time between the onset of stimulation and the onset of projection was longer in preparations with surrogate entoglossal processes that had no tapered tip and shorter with surrogate processes that had a tapered tip about four times as long as the natural entoglossus. Tetanically stimulated accelerator muscles reached 90% of peak force 110 ms after the onset of stimulation, indicating that the 185 ms delay between the onset of accelerator activity and the onset of projection seen in vivo allows the accelerator to achieve peak force prior to the onset of projection. Thus, the delay in projection may be crucial in maximizing the acceleration and velocity achieved by the projected chameleon tongue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0949 , 1477-9145
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1992
    In:  Science Vol. 258, No. 5081 ( 1992-10-16), p. 379-379
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 258, No. 5081 ( 1992-10-16), p. 379-379
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1993
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 59, No. 7 ( 1993-07), p. 2064-2070
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 59, No. 7 ( 1993-07), p. 2064-2070
    Abstract: Sodium salicylate (1,000 μg/ml) was delivered through a drip irrigation system to agricultural field soils planted to tomato and infested with Pseudomonas putida PpG7, the host of the salicylate catabolic plasmid NAH7. In nonfumigated soils infested with approximately 10 3 CFU of PpG7 per g in the top 30 cm, population densities were increased up to 112-fold within 14 days of the initial application of salicylate compared with the densities in the respective nonamended soils. Mean season-long population densities of PpG7 in the top 30 cm of soil were significantly increased ( P 〈 0.01) from 216 CFU/g in nonamended soils to 1,370 CFU/g in salicylate-amended soils. In the respective rhizosphere soils, mean population densities of PpG7 were significantly increased ( P 〈 0.01) from 92 to 2,066 CFU/cm of root. Soil fumigation interacted ( P 〈 0.01) with salicylate amendment and further increased the mean population densities of PpG7 in nonrhizosphere soil by an additional 5,689 CFU/g of soil. This fumigation effect was not detected in rhizosphere soils. The effect of salicylate in increasing population densities of PpG7 in soil also was affected by inoculum level, field site, and soil depth. Proportionate differences were greater in soils infested with approximately 10 3 CFU of PpG7 per g than in comparable soils infested with 10 5 CFU/g. In low-inoculum soils, increases from salicylate amendments were 26- and 29-fold in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils, respectively, and in high-inoculum soils, the respective increases were 5.6- and 5-fold. No increases of fungi able to utilize salicylate were detected in soils amended with salicylate. However, soil fumigation with metham-sodium significantly reduced ( P 〈 0.01) population densities of fungal salicylate utilizers in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1993
    In:  Nucleic Acids Research Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 1993), p. 4982-4982
    In: Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 1993), p. 4982-4982
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-1048 , 1362-4962
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472175-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 1993
    In:  Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol. 68, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 231-236
    In: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 231-236
    Abstract: We have developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of whitefly antigen in the guts of predaceous arthropods based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in response to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) egg antigen. We observed positive antigen‐antibody reactions with the egg and the adult female stages of certain whitefly species and not with others. This MAb did not cross‐react with any of the whitefly nymphs or adult males we tested. Moreover, this MAb did not cross‐react with the various life stages of other insect species we examined. This immunologically‐based technique to identify whitefly egg facilitates examinations of predator gut contents in the field. Such a specific and sensitive whitefly egg immunoassay will expedite the characterization of the B. tabaci predator complex in the southwestern United States.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-8703 , 1570-7458
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015286-3
    SSG: 12
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