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  • Cousins, Sara A. O.  (9)
  • Biodiversity Research  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plant functional connectivity – integrating landscape structure and effective dispersal
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 105, No. 6 ( 2017-11), p. 1648-1656
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 105, No. 6 ( 2017-11), p. 1648-1656
    Abstract: Dispersal is essential for species to survive the threats of habitat destruction and climate change. Combining descriptions of dispersal ability with those of landscape structure, the concept of functional connectivity has been popular for understanding and predicting species’ spatial responses to environmental change. Following recent advances, the functional connectivity concept is now able to move beyond landscape structure to consider more explicitly how other external factors such as climate and resources affect species movement. We argue that these factors, in addition to a consideration of the complete dispersal process, are critical for an accurate understanding of functional connectivity for plant species in response to environmental change. We use recent advances in dispersal, landscape and molecular ecology to describe how a range of external factors can influence effective dispersal in plant species, and how the resulting functional connectivity can be assessed. Synthesis . We define plant functional connectivity as the effective dispersal of propagules or pollen among habitat patches in a landscape . Plant functional connectivity is determined by a combination of landscape structure, interactions between plant, environment and dispersal vectors, and the successful establishment of individuals. We hope that this consolidation of recent research will help focus future connectivity research and conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.2017.105.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12742
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Grassland connectivity by motor vehicles and grazing livestock
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Ecography Vol. 36, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1150-1157
    Details
    In: Ecography, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 1150-1157
    Abstract: In addition to habitat loss and fragmentation, agricultural change has led to a change in seed dispersal processes in the rural landscape through a loss of structural and functional connectivity. Here, human‐mediated dispersal vectors are prevalent, and we explored whether the loss of connectivity via free‐ranging livestock could be mitigated by the increase in roads and motor vehicles. We found that structurally, 39% of all valuable semi‐natural grassland habitats in southern Sweden are adjacent to public road verges, which in the rural landscape are often considered to be suitable habitat for grassland species. Additionally, by collecting mud attached to cars and farming machinery and manure from livestock (cattle, horse, sheep) grazing semi‐natural grassland pasture, we found that motor vehicles are also capable seed dispersers. A similar number of species were dispersed by both vectors, although the composition of samples was quite different. Motor vehicles dispersed more grassland specialists than invasive species, although in much lower abundances than did grazing livestock. Despite these differences, motor vehicles were found to be able to disperse species with the same kinds of dispersal traits as livestock. A high number of seeds, species and specialists in manure samples means that greater movement of livestock is desirable to increase functional grassland connectivity. However, effective management could improve the suitability of roadsides as grassland corridors and increase the availability of seeds for long‐distance human‐mediated dispersal via cars and tractors. Our results suggest that in many rural landscapes, connectivity by road networks could help mediate habitat loss and fragmentation of grasslands. However, such effects can be context dependent, and the connectivity provided by roads could have serious negative consequences in other regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0906-7590 , 1600-0587
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ecog.2013.36.issue-10
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00185.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land uplift creates important meadow habitat and a potential original niche for grassland species
    The Royal Society ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 285, No. 1876 ( 2018-04-11), p. 20172349-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 285, No. 1876 ( 2018-04-11), p. 20172349-
    Abstract: Semi-natural grasslands have been severely affected by agricultural land-use change. However, the isostatic land adjustment following deglaciation in the Northern Hemisphere means that new land is continually being created in coastal areas. We modelled isostatic adjustment during the last 4000 years in a region of the Baltic coast to estimate the emergence of potential grassland habitat. We also compared the α and β diversity of existing managed and abandoned coastal meadows, and assessed their contribution to biodiversity at landscape scales. We estimated that half the 7866 km 2 of emerging land had the potential to become coastal meadow habitat, which is an order of magnitude larger than the total area of all valuable semi-natural grassland in the study region today. The small area of managed coastal habitat remaining was found to have a disproportionate influence on the richness of threatened species at landscape scales, but our results also show that continued management is essential for the maintenance of grassland biodiversity. Our combination of approaches identifies uplifted coastal meadows as an additional original niche for grassland plant species, while highlighting that low-intensity disturbance through grassland management is essential for the maintenance of diversity at multiple scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2349
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  AMBIO Vol. 44, No. S1 ( 2015-1), p. 51-59
    Details
    In: AMBIO, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 44, No. S1 ( 2015-1), p. 51-59
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0044-7447 , 1654-7209
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0588-6
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial scale and specialization affect how biogeography and functional traits predict long‐term patterns of community turnover
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2017-02), p. 436-443
    Details
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2017-02), p. 436-443
    Abstract: Immigration, extirpation and persistence of individual populations of species are key processes determining community responses to environmental change. However, they are difficult to study over long time periods without corresponding historical and modern‐day species occurrences. We used historical and present‐day plant species occurrence data from two different spatial scales (resolutions) to investigate the plant community turnover during the 20th century in a Baltic Sea archipelago. Patterns of turnover were analysed in relation to plant functional traits relating to dispersal and competition/persistence, as well as biogeographical variables. Turnover was largely driven by interactions between functional traits and measures of area, connectivity and distance to mainland. However, the combinations of traits and biogeographical variables that were most important for predicting immigration and extirpation differed between data sets, and between species associated with grassland management and the entire species pool. Taller plants were more likely to persist regardless of scale and biogeography, reflecting the grazing abandonment that occurred in the study area. Interactions between dispersal traits and biogeography were related to immigrations when the entire species pool was considered. However, increased dispersal potential, a smaller island size and increasing distance to mainland combined to promote extirpations in management‐associated species. A perennial life span and seed banking contributed to species persistence. At the larger spatial scale, trait‐driven turnover was not mediated by the biogeographical context. We showed that it is important to consider functional traits, biogeographical variables and their interactions when analysing community turnover over time. Furthermore, we found that the understanding of how combinations of traits and biogeography predict turnover depends on the source and spatial scale of the available data, and the species pool analysed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fec.2017.31.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12716
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Past and present management influences the seed bank and seed rain in a rural landscape mosaic : Seed bank and seed rain in the rural landscape
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2011-10), p. 1278-1285
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2011-10), p. 1278-1285
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.2011.48.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02019.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional-scale land-cover change during the 20th century and its consequences for biodiversity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  AMBIO Vol. 44, No. S1 ( 2015-1), p. 17-27
    Details
    In: AMBIO, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 44, No. S1 ( 2015-1), p. 17-27
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0044-7447 , 1654-7209
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0585-9
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120759-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040524-8
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Species richness and composition differ in response to landscape and biogeography
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Landscape Ecology Vol. 33, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 2273-2284
    Details
    In: Landscape Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 33, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 2273-2284
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0921-2973 , 1572-9761
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10980-018-0742-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016200-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter: a trait‐based meta‐analysis
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Oikos Vol. 124, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1109-1120
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 124, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1109-1120
    Abstract: Plant communities are often dispersal‐limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. We predicted that seed dispersal by ungulates acts as an ecological filter – which differentially affects individuals according to their characteristics and shapes species assemblages – and that the filter varies according to the dispersal mechanism (endozoochory, fur‐epizoochory and hoof‐epizoochory). We conducted two‐step individual participant data meta‐analyses of 52 studies on plant dispersal by ungulates in fragmented landscapes, comparing eight plant traits and two habitat indicators between dispersed and non‐dispersed plants. We found that ungulates dispersed at least 44% of the available plant species. Moreover, some plant traits and habitat indicators increased the likelihood for plant of being dispersed. Persistent or nitrophilous plant species from open habitats or bearing dry or elongated diaspores were more likely to be dispersed by ungulates, whatever the dispersal mechanism. In addition, endozoochory was more likely for diaspores bearing elongated appendages whereas epizoochory was more likely for diaspores released relatively high in vegetation. Hoof‐epizoochory was more likely for light diaspores without hooked appendages. Fur‐epizoochory was more likely for diaspores with appendages, particularly elongated or hooked ones. We thus observed a gradient of filtering effect among the three dispersal mechanisms. Endozoochory had an effect of rather weak intensity (impacting six plant characteristics with variations between ungulate‐dispersed and non‐dispersed plant species mostly below 25%), whereas hoof‐epizoochory had a stronger effect (eight characteristics included five ones with above 75% variation), and fur‐epizoochory an even stronger one (nine characteristics included six ones with above 75% variation). Our results demonstrate that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity varies according to the dispersal mechanism considered. Ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales. Synthesis Plant communities are often dispersal‐limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. Our analysis is the first synthesis of ungulate seed dispersal that compares characteristics from both non‐dispersed and dispersed diaspores, distinguishing the three zoochory mechanisms ungulates are involved in: endozoochory, hoof‐epizoochory and fur‐epizoochory. We confirmed that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity increases from endozoochory, then hoof‐epizoochory to finally fur‐epizoochory. By filtering seed traits through dispersal, ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2015.v124.i9
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.02512
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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    SSG: 12
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