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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recovery and restoration potential of cold‐water corals: experience from a deep‐sea marine protected area
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Restoration Ecology
    Details
    In: Restoration Ecology, Wiley
    Abstract: Cold‐water corals (CWCs) are important species that provide habitat for other taxa but are sensitive to mechanical damage from bottom trawling. CWC conservation has been implemented in the form of marine protected areas (MPAs), but recovery from impact may be particularly slow in the deep‐sea environment; consequently, the use of restoration techniques has been considered. To gain some insight into CWC recruitment and growth, in 2011 we deployed small seabed moorings in the Darwin Mounds MPA (~1,000 m water depth). This site hosts hundreds of CWC mounds, that had previously (until 2003) been impacted by deep‐water trawling. In 2019, we carried out in situ visual surveys of these moorings and the surrounding seabed environment, then recovered two of the moorings. The mooring buoys, glass floats with plastic covers, were extensively colonized by a diverse epifauna that included the CWCs Desmophyllum pertusum and D. dianthus . The presence of coral recruits indicated that environmental conditions, and larval supply, remained favorable for the settlement and growth of CWCs within the MPA. Based on our observations, we consider four possible restoration methods, together with a “do‐nothing” option, for the Darwin Mounds CWCs that have shown little, if any, natural recovery despite 16 years of protection. We conclude that seabed emplacement of high‐relief artificial substrata is likely to be the most efficient and cost‐efficient means of promoting enhanced recovery of the CWCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-2971 , 1526-100X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.13970
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 914746-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecology of a polymetallic nodule occurrence gradient: Implications for deep‐sea mining
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 1883-1894
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 1883-1894
    Abstract: Abyssal polymetallic nodule fields constitute an unusual deep‐sea habitat. The mix of soft sediment and the hard substratum provided by nodules increases the complexity of these environments. Hard substrata typically support a very distinct fauna to that of seabed sediments, and its presence can play a major role in the structuring of benthic assemblages. We assessed the influence of seafloor nodule cover on the megabenthos of a marine conservation area (area of particular environmental interest 6) in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (3950–4250 m water depth) using extensive photographic surveys from an autonomous underwater vehicle. Variations in nodule cover (1–20%) appeared to exert statistically significant differences in faunal standing stocks, some biological diversity attributes, faunal composition, functional group composition, and the distribution of individual species. The standing stock of both the metazoan fauna and the giant protists (xenophyophores) doubled with a very modest initial increase in nodule cover (from 1% to 3%). Perhaps contrary to expectation, we detected little if any substantive variation in biological diversity along the nodule cover gradient. Faunal composition varied continuously along the nodule cover gradient. We discuss these results in the context of potential seabed‐mining operations and the associated sustainable management and conservation plans. We note in particular that successful conservation actions will likely require the preservation of areas comprising the full range of nodule cover and not just the low cover areas that are least attractive to mining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v64.5
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.11157
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Using 3D photogrammetry from ROV video to quantify cold-water coral reef structural complexity and investigate its influence on biodiversity and community assemblage
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Coral Reefs Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2019-10), p. 1007-1021
    Details
    In: Coral Reefs, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2019-10), p. 1007-1021
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0722-4028 , 1432-0975
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00338-019-01827-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 9047-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472576-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold‐water coral assemblages on vertical walls from the Northeast Atlantic
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 284-298
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 284-298
    Abstract: In this study, we assess patterns of cold‐water coral assemblages observed on deep‐sea vertical walls. Similar to their shallow‐water counterparts, vertical and overhanging walls in the deep sea can host highly diverse communities, but because of their geometry, these habitats are generally overlooked and remain poorly known. These vertical habitats are however of particular interest, because they can protect vulnerable coral ecosystems from trawling activities. As such, it is important to understand their ecology and assess their global importance. Location Vertical walls on complex geomorphic features, in particular walls of the Rockall Bank Slope Failure Escarpment, Whittard and Explorer Canyons, Northeast Atlantic. Methods Video analysis of remotely operated vehicle transects carried out at five sites is used to investigate differences in species composition and diversity across walls and to compare those to nearby cold‐water coral sites on flat terrain. A high‐resolution photogrammetric reconstruction is further employed to examine whether wall complexity plays a role in promoting niche differentiation at very fine spatial scales. Results The investigated walls showed differences in species assemblage both across walls and in comparison to flat sites, with the fine‐scale heterogeneity engendered by walls allowing niche differentiation between closely related taxa. Main Conclusions Vertical walls represent an important cold‐water coral habitat with differences in species composition across walls within a region, illustrating their role in driving diversity patterns. Based on publicly available bathymetric datasets and a catalogue of broad‐scale terrain features, globally over 8,000 features are likely to have vertical walls and cold‐water corals, which highlight the need to consider deep‐sea vertical habitats in current conservation efforts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.v26.3
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Tidal downwelling and implications for the carbon biogeochemistry of cold‐water corals in relation to future ocean acidification and warming
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 2708-2719
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2013-09), p. 2708-2719
    Abstract: Cold‐water coral ( CWC ) reefs are recognized as ecologically and biologically significant areas that generate habitats and diversity. The interaction between hydrodynamics and CWC s has been well studied at the M ingulay R eef C omplex, a relatively shallow area of reefs found on the continental shelf off S cotland, UK . Within ‘ M ingulay A rea 01’ a rapid tidal downwelling of surface waters, brought about as an internal wave, is known to supply warmer, phytoplankton‐rich waters to corals growing on the northern flank of an east‐west trending seabed ridge. This study shows that this tidal downwelling also causes short‐term perturbations in the inorganic carbon (C T ) and nutrient dynamics through the water column and immediately above the reef. Over a 14 h period, corresponding to one semi‐diurnal tidal cycle, seawater pH overlying the reef varied by ca. 0.1 pH unit, while p CO 2 shifted by 〉 60 μatm, a shift equivalent to a ca. 25 year jump into the future, with respect to atmospheric p CO 2 . During the summer stratified period, these downwelling events result in the reef being washed over with surface water that has higher pH, is warmer, nutrient depleted, but rich in phytoplankton‐derived particles compared to the deeper waters in which the corals sit. Empirical observations, together with outputs from the E uropean R egional S helf S ea E cosystem M odel, demonstrate that the variability that the CWC reefs experience changes through the seasons and into the future. Hence, as ocean acidification and warming increase into the future, the downwelling event specific to this site could provide short‐term amelioration of corrosive conditions at certain times of the year; however, it could additionally result in enhanced detrimental impacts of warming on CWC s. Natural variability in the C T and nutrient conditions, as well as local hydrodynamic regimes, must be accounted for in any future predictions concerning the responses of marine ecosystems to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2013.19.issue-9
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12256
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ship-to-shore training for active deep-sea capacity development
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 80, No. 6 ( 2023-08-11), p. 1619-1628
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 80, No. 6 ( 2023-08-11), p. 1619-1628
    Abstract: Sailing on scientific expeditions as an early career researcher (ECR) offers the beneficial opportunity to gain field experience and training. However, the number of available berths to achieve the scientific goals of an expedition limits the number of onboard participants. Telepresence and remote learning can be utilized to increase the number of active participants, broadening the reach of capacity development. The 2021 iMirabilis2 expedition on board the Spanish Research Vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa used telepresence to virtually involve ECRs from several countries in deep-sea science. One year post-expedition, a survey of onshore participants was conducted to assess and quantify the effectiveness of the peer-to-peer ECR ship-to-shore scheme. During the expedition, live, interactive training via WhatsApp and Zoom was utilized by onshore ECRs more than traditional static, unidirectional methods of blog posts and pre-recorded videos. All respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that the scheme provided an inclusive and accessible platform to share deep-sea science. These results suggest similar schemes could be used to supplement shorter-duration at-sea-training, used prior to a seagoing experience to better prepare ECRs, or to allow members of the science community unable to join an expedition in person to actively participate remotely, increasing inclusivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad088
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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