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  • 2015-2019  (43)
  • Biodiversity Research  (43)
  • Linguistics  (43)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Vol. 362, No. 6410 ( 2018-10-05), p. 80-83
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 362, No. 6410 ( 2018-10-05), p. 80-83
    Abstract: Biodiversity experiments have shown that species loss reduces ecosystem functioning in grassland. To test whether this result can be extrapolated to forests, the main contributors to terrestrial primary productivity, requires large-scale experiments. We manipulated tree species richness by planting more than 150,000 trees in plots with 1 to 16 species. Simulating multiple extinction scenarios, we found that richness strongly increased stand-level productivity. After 8 years, 16-species mixtures had accumulated over twice the amount of carbon found in average monocultures and similar amounts as those of two commercial monocultures. Species richness effects were strongly associated with functional and phylogenetic diversity. A shrub addition treatment reduced tree productivity, but this reduction was smaller at high shrub species richness. Our results encourage multispecies afforestation strategies to restore biodiversity and mitigate climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6405
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reduced default mode network functional connectivity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 18 ( 2019-04-30), p. 9078-9083
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 18 ( 2019-04-30), p. 9078-9083
    Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neuropathophysiology remains unclear. Most studies of functional brain networks in MDD have had limited statistical power and data analysis approaches have varied widely. The REST-meta-MDD Project of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) addresses these issues. Twenty-five research groups in China established the REST-meta-MDD Consortium by contributing R-fMRI data from 1,300 patients with MDD and 1,128 normal controls (NCs). Data were preprocessed locally with a standardized protocol before aggregated group analyses. We focused on functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN), frequently reported to be increased in MDD. Instead, we found decreased DMN FC when we compared 848 patients with MDD to 794 NCs from 17 sites after data exclusion. We found FC reduction only in recurrent MDD, not in first-episode drug-naïve MDD. Decreased DMN FC was associated with medication usage but not with MDD duration. DMN FC was also positively related to symptom severity but only in recurrent MDD. Exploratory analyses also revealed alterations in FC of visual, sensory-motor, and dorsal attention networks in MDD. We confirmed the key role of DMN in MDD but found reduced rather than increased FC within the DMN. Future studies should test whether decreased DMN FC mediates response to treatment. All R-fMRI indices of data contributed by the REST-meta-MDD consortium are being shared publicly via the R-fMRI Maps Project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900390116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Vol. 358, No. 6365 ( 2017-11-17), p. 933-936
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 358, No. 6365 ( 2017-11-17), p. 933-936
    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) has evolved into a global health threat because of its unexpected causal link to microcephaly. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that contemporary epidemic strains have accumulated multiple substitutions from their Asian ancestor. Here we show that a single serine-to-asparagine substitution [Ser 139 →Asn 139 (S139N)] in the viral polyprotein substantially increased ZIKV infectivity in both human and mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and led to more severe microcephaly in the mouse fetus, as well as higher mortality rates in neonatal mice. Evolutionary analysis indicates that the S139N substitution arose before the 2013 outbreak in French Polynesia and has been stably maintained during subsequent spread to the Americas. This functional adaption makes ZIKV more virulent to human NPCs, thus contributing to the increased incidence of microcephaly in recent ZIKV epidemics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7120
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Loss of RIG-I leads to a functional replacement with MDA5 in the Chinese tree shrew
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 39 ( 2016-09-27), p. 10950-10955
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 39 ( 2016-09-27), p. 10950-10955
    Abstract: The function of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs; including RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2) as key cytoplasmic sensors of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) has been subjected to numerous pathogenic challenges and has undergone a dynamic evolution. We found evolutionary evidence that RIG-I was lost in the Chinese tree shrew lineage. Along with the loss of RIG-I , both MDA5 ( tMDA5 ) and LGP2 ( tLGP2 ) have undergone strong positive selection in the tree shrew. tMDA5 or tMDA5/tLGP2 could sense Sendai virus (an RNA virus posed as a RIG-I agonist) for inducing type I IFN, although conventional RIG-I and MDA5 were thought to recognize distinct RNA structures and viruses. tMDA5 interacted with adaptor tMITA (STINGTMEM173/ERIS), which was reported to bind only with RIG-I. The positively selected sites in tMDA5 endowed the substitute function for the lost RIG-I. These findings provided insights into the adaptation and functional diversity of innate antiviral activity in vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604939113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxidation of dCTP contributes to antibiotic lethality in stationary-phase mycobacteria
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2018-02-27), p. 2210-2215
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2018-02-27), p. 2210-2215
    Abstract: Growing evidence shows that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from antibiotic-induced metabolic perturbation contribute to antibiotic lethality. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which antibiotic-induced oxidative stress actually kills cells remains elusive. Here, we show that oxidation of dCTP underlies ROS-mediated antibiotic lethality via induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Deletion of mazG -encoded 5-OH-dCTP–specific pyrophosphohydrolase potentiates antibiotic killing of stationary-phase mycobacteria, but did not affect antibiotic efficacy in exponentially growing cultures. Critically, the effect of mazG deletion on potentiating antibiotic killing is associated with antibiotic-induced ROS and accumulation of 5-OH-dCTP. Independent lines of evidence presented here indicate that the increased level of DSBs observed in the ΔmazG mutant is a dead-end event accounting for enhanced antibiotic killing. Moreover, we provided genetic evidence that 5-OH-dCTP is incorporated into genomic DNA via error-prone DNA polymerase DnaE2 and repair of 5-OH-dC lesions via the endonuclease Nth leads to the generation of lethal DSBs. This work provides a mechanistic view of ROS-mediated antibiotic lethality in stationary phase and may have broad implications not only with respect to antibiotic lethality but also to the mechanism of stress-induced mutagenesis in bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719627115
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An allosteric PGAM1 inhibitor effectively suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 46 ( 2019-11-12), p. 23264-23273
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 46 ( 2019-11-12), p. 23264-23273
    Abstract: Glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) plays a critical role in cancer metabolism by coordinating glycolysis and biosynthesis. A well-validated PGAM1 inhibitor, however, has not been reported for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. By uncovering the elevated PGAM1 expressions were statistically related to worse prognosis of PDAC in a cohort of 50 patients, we developed a series of allosteric PGAM1 inhibitors by structure-guided optimization. The compound KH3 significantly suppressed proliferation of various PDAC cells by down-regulating the levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in correlation with PGAM1 expression. Similar to PGAM1 depletion, KH3 dramatically hampered the canonic pathways highly involved in cancer metabolism and development. Additionally, we observed the shared expression profiles of several signature pathways at 12 h after treatment in multiple PDAC primary cells of which the matched patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models responded similarly to KH3 in the 2 wk treatment. The better responses to KH3 in PDXs were associated with higher expression of PGAM1 and longer/stronger suppressions of cancer metabolic pathways. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a strategy of targeting cancer metabolism by PGAM1 inhibition in PDAC. Also, this work provided “proof of concept” for the potential application of metabolic treatment in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914557116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Germline selection shapes human mitochondrial DNA diversity
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2019
    In:  Science Vol. 364, No. 6442 ( 2019-05-24)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 364, No. 6442 ( 2019-05-24)
    Abstract: Approximately 2.4% of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome exhibits common homoplasmic genetic variation. We analyzed 12,975 whole-genome sequences to show that 45.1% of individuals from 1526 mother–offspring pairs harbor a mixed population of mtDNA (heteroplasmy), but the propensity for maternal transmission differs across the mitochondrial genome. Over one generation, we observed selection both for and against variants in specific genomic regions; known variants were more likely to be transmitted than previously unknown variants. However, new heteroplasmies were more likely to match the nuclear genetic ancestry as opposed to the ancestry of the mitochondrial genome on which the mutations occurred, validating our findings in 40,325 individuals. Thus, human mtDNA at the population level is shaped by selective forces within the female germ line under nuclear genetic control, which ensures consistency between the two independent genetic lineages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6520
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relative hydrophilicities of cis and trans formamides
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 40 ( 2019-10), p. 19815-19820
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 40 ( 2019-10), p. 19815-19820
    Abstract: Secondary formamides are widely encountered in biology and exist as mixtures of both cis and trans isomers. Here, we assess hydrophilicity differences between isomeric formamides through direct competition experiments. Formamides bearing long aliphatic chains were sequestered in a water-soluble molecular container having a hydrophobic cavity with an end open to the aqueous medium. NMR spectroscopic experiments reveal a modest preference ( 〈 1 kcal/mol) for aqueous solvation of the trans formamide terminals over the cis isomers. With diformamides, the supramolecular approach allows staging of intramolecular competition between short-lived species with subtle differences in hydrophobic properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911331116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 11
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Caveolin-1 in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates Chronic Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of NMDA Receptor 2B Subunit
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2015-01-07), p. 36-52
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2015-01-07), p. 36-52
    Abstract: Chronic pain is still a basic science and clinical challenge. Unraveling of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in chronic pain will offer novel targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. It is well known that central sensitization in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in initiation, development, and maintenance of chronic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Here, we reported that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a scaffolding protein in membrane rafts, was persistently upregulated and activated in the ACC neurons after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice. Knockdown or blocking of Cav-1 in the contralateral ACC to the injury side reversed CCI-induced pain behavioral and neuronal sensitization and overexpression of Cav-1 in the ipsilateral ACC-induced pain behavior in the unaffected hindpaw. Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 directly binding with NMDA receptor 2B subunit (NR2B) and promotion of NR2B surface levels in the ACC contributed to modulation of chronic neuropathic pain. Disrupting the interaction of Cav-1 and NR2B through microinjection of a short peptide derived from the C-terminal of NR2B into the ACC exhibited a significant anti-nociception effect associated with decrease of surface NR2B expression. Moreover, Cav-1 increased intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and activated the ERK/CREB signaling pathway in an NR2B-dependent manner in the ACC. Our findings implicate that Cav-1 in the ACC neurons modulates chronic neuropathic pain via regulation of NR2B and subsequent activation of ERK/CREB signaling, suggesting a possible caveolin-mediated process would participate in neuronal transmission pathways implicated in pain modulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1161-14.2015
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 10
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    Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2019
    In:  Science Vol. 364, No. 6446 ( 2019-06-21)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 364, No. 6446 ( 2019-06-21)
    Abstract: The ruminants are one of the most successful mammalian lineages, exhibiting morphological and habitat diversity and containing several key livestock species. To better understand their evolution, we generated and analyzed de novo assembled genomes of 44 ruminant species, representing all six Ruminantia families. We used these genomes to create a time-calibrated phylogeny to resolve topological controversies, overcoming the challenges of incomplete lineage sorting. Population dynamic analyses show that population declines commenced between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, which is concomitant with expansion in human populations. We also reveal genes and regulatory elements that possibly contribute to the evolution of the digestive system, cranial appendages, immune system, metabolism, body size, cursorial locomotion, and dentition of the ruminants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aav6202
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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