Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Towards Resilient Cities in Serbia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 3.1 Serbia in the Light of Climate Change -- 3.2 From National Policies to Local Plans-The Legislative Framework for Achieving Resilience to Climate Change -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Projected Changes in Multi-day Extreme Precipitation Over the Western Balkan Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Climate Model and Experiments Setup -- 3 Model Verification Over the Period 1971-2000 -- 4 Projections for the RCP 8.5 Scenario -- 5 Changes in Extreme Precipitation -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Relationship Between Atmospheric Circulation and Temperature Extremes in Montenegro in the Period 1951-2010 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Area -- 3 Data and Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Refernces -- Analysis of the Climate Change in the Doboj Municipality and Adaptation Options -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Data and Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Climate Trends in the Doboj Municipality -- 4.2 Floods Occured in 2014 in Doboj Area -- 5 Adaptation and Mitigation to Consequences of Climate Change -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Analysis of Problems Related to Climate Change in Serbian Planning Documents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 3 Climate Changes and Spatial Development -- 4 Planned-Documents Analysis -- 5 Results of AAA Model Assessment -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Climate Change Impact on River Discharges in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Case Study of the Lower Vrbas River Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Data and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Climate Change -- 3.2 Changes in River Discharges -- 3.3 Relationship Between the Observed Trends in River Discharges and Climate Change. , 3.4 Relationship Between the Observed Trends in River Discharges and the Dominant Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Water Body Extraction and Flood Risk Assessment Using Lidar and Open Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Dataset -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Water Bodies Extraction -- 3.2 Flood Risk Assessment and DEM Comparison -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Water Body Extraction -- 4.2 Flood Risk Assessment -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Resilient Functional Urban Regions: Spatial Planning in the Light of Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Concept of Resilience -- 3 Characteristics of Functional-Urban Resilience -- 4 The Method -- 5 The Impact of Urbanization on FUR Resilience -- 6 Relation Between the Degree of Urbanization and GDP Per Capita in the Republic of Serbia -- 7 The Concept of FUR Governance: How to Achieve a Resilient FUR -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Change and Protection Against Floods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formulation of the Problem -- 3 The Influence of Climate Changes and Elements on River Regimes -- 4 Problem Solution -- 5 Harmonization of the Flood Protection System with the EU Directive 2007/60 EC on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Duration of the Snow Cover and the Need for Artificial Snow-A Challenge for Management in Ski-Centres of Serbia -- 1 Climate Conditions as a Factor of Development of Winter Sports Tourism in Serbia -- 2 Method and Observational Data -- 3 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainability of Rural Areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina Under the Global Climate Change Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Approach -- 3 Definition and Elaboration of the Problem -- 4 Climate Changes and Exposure of BampH to Natural Disasters -- 5 Results and Discussion. , 6 Conclusion -- References -- Alleviation of Negative Climate Change Effects on Maize Yields in Northern Bosnia by Liming and Phosphorus Fertilization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Temperature Risk Assessment in Urban Environments During Heat Wave Periods: A Case Study on the City of Novi Sad (Serbia) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Area, Methodology and Data -- 2.1 Geographical Characteristics of the City of Novi Sad -- 2.2 Risk Assessment and Mapping Methodology -- 2.3 LCZs and Station Network Patterns -- 2.4 Temperature and Population Data -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Requirements of Orchards in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Characteristics of the Study Areas -- 2.2 Model Parameters and Input Data -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Effects of Changes in Extreme Climate Events on Key Sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Adaptation Options -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Promoting Adaptation Within Urban Planning: Case Study of the General Regulation Plan of the City of Požarevac -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Case Study: The City of Požarevac -- 3.1 Overview of the Current State Within Planning in the Context of Climate Change in Republic of Serbia -- 3.2 Achieving Adaptation: Overview of the Adaptive Measures Within the Plan -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Hail as a Natural Disaster in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Physical-Geographical Characteristics of the Northern Part of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 2.1 Geographical Location -- 2.2 Climate Features -- 2.3 Climate Change in Bosnia and Herzegovina. , 3 The Hail Occurrence Over the Northern Part of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- 3.1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere in Days with the Phenomenon -- 3.2 Height of Cumulonimbus (Cb) -- 3.3 Frequency of the Cumulonimbus Hail Occurrence -- 3.4 Spatial Distribution of the Hail Occurrence -- 4 Consequences of the Hailstorms -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Aggravated Occupational Heat Stress Recognition and Mitigation in Slovenia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Material -- 2.1 Heat Wave Analysis -- 2.2 Surveys Among Workers -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Heat Wave Presentation for Bilje and Celje -- 3.2 Heat Stress Impact in Various Workplaces -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Impacts of Future Climate Change on Runoff in Selected Catchments of Slovakia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Climate Change Scenarios -- 4 The WetSpa Rainfall-Runoff Model -- 5 Impacts of Climate Change on a Runoff Regime -- 6 Adaptation Measures -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Adaptation Strategies to Reduce the Impact of Climate Change on Yield Loss in Northern Carpathians, Slovakia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Adaptation of Eastern Europe Regional Agriculture to Climate Change: Risks and Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extreme Fluctuations in Temperature and Precipitation and Their Impact on Agricultural Production -- 3 Regional Specificity and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies -- 4 Agri-Environmental Effects of Climate Change: The Kaliningrad Region (Russia) and Poland -- 5 Public Participation in Mitigating Negative Climate Change Consequences -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Cross-Boundary Cooperation Between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Their Neighboring Countries Focusing on an Efficient Hail Protection as an Active Response to Global Climate Changes -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Methodological Approach -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Geospatial Determinants of Bosnia and Herzegovina Within the Context of Cross-Boundary Cooperation and Development -- 3.2 The Real and Potential Problems of Hail Risk and Consequences -- 3.3 The State and Problems of the Active Anti-hail Protection in BampH and Neighboring Countries -- 3.4 Potential Improvement of Anti-hail Protection Through Cross-Boundary Cooperation -- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Analysis of Existing Disaster Risk Reduction Programs and Enhancement of Capacity Development for Health Risks from Floods in Western Balkan -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction and Capacity Development -- 1.2 Overview of Existing Disaster Risk Reduction Programs -- 2 Current Situation Regarding Disaster Risk Reduction in Western Balkan Region -- 2.1 Regional Background -- 2.2 Analyzing Regional and National DRR Frameworks and Programs in Western Balkan -- 2.3 Republic of Croatia -- 2.4 Health Risks Caused by Floods in Western Balkan -- 3 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Republic of Srpska (Entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina)-Geopolitical Aspect -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Natural and Geographical Characteristics of the Republic of Srpska -- 2 Hydrographic Characteristics of the Republic of Srpska -- 3 The Impact of Climate Change on the Geospace of the Republic of Srpska and Possibilities for Adaptation -- 4 Management of Water Resources Affected by Climate Change -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Good Practices for Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture in the Western Balkans -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agriculture Sector in the Western Balkans -- 3 Environmental Challenges -- 4 Impact of Natural Hazards on Agriculture in the Western Balkans. , 5 Climate Change Projections and the Expected Impacts on Agriculture.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Understanding Climate Change Hazards -- Hydrometeorological Analysis of an Extreme Flash-Flood: The 28 September 2012 Event in Murcia, South-Eastern Spain -- Introduction -- The Study Region -- The Hydrometeorological Episode: A Brief Description -- Analysis of the San Wenceslao Flash-Flood -- Observed Databases and Precipitation Analysis -- Basin Response and Hydrological Modelling -- Anthropogenic Impacts on the Basin Response -- Kinematics of the San Wenceslao Flash-Flood -- Storm Movement and Soil Variability: Impact on the Hydrological Response -- Conclusions -- References -- A Multiple Linear Regression-Based Approach for Storm Surge Prediction Along South Brazil -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Astronomical Tide and Storm Surge -- Meteorological Data and the Mapping of the Cyclones' Paths -- Statistical Analysis and Data Filtering -- Extreme Data Analysis -- Results -- Analysis of the ADCP Data-Itapocorói Bay -- The Cyclones' Path -- Partial Serial Correlation (PSC) and Time Lag Multiple Linear Regression (TLMLR) -- Analysis of Positive and Negative Events Separately -- Validation of the Methodology -- Historical Analysis of Storm Surge -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Hydrodynamic Study of Free Standing Drilling Riser Under Hurricane Conditions -- Introduction -- Problem Statement -- Free Standing Drilling Riser -- Studies Conducted on Free Standing Drilling Riser (FSDR) -- API Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser System (API-RP 16Q) -- Hurricane -- Hurricane Generated Sea State -- Hurricane Generated Waves -- Hurricane Generated Swell -- Research Methodology -- Procedures to Develop the Functional Relationship Between Emergency Disconnection Location and Lateral Displacement of FSDR. , Procedures to Identify the Optimum Emergency Disconnection Location Along Drilling Riser Line in Technical Terms -- Procedures to Develop the Functional Relationship Between Saffir Simpson Scale Storm Maximum Significant Wave Height and Lateral Displacement of FSDR -- Procedure to Determine the Effect of Hurricane Generated Swell on Hydrodynamic Response of FSDR -- Results for Determination of Functional Relationship Between Emergency Disconnection Location and Lateral Displacement of FSDR -- Results for Determination of Optimum Emergency Disconnection Location Along Riser Line in Technical Terms -- Results for Determination of Functional Relationship Between Saffir Simpson Scale Maximum Significant Wave Height and Lateral Displacement of FSDR -- Results for Determination of Hydrodynamic Response of FSDR Under Hurricane Generated Swell -- Conclusion -- References -- Assessing Contribution of Climate Change on Wetlands by Using Multi-temporal Satellite Data -- Introduction -- Data and Methodology Used -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- City-scale Modeling of Urban Heat Islands for Kolkata -- Introduction -- Health Impacts of UHI -- Methods and Materials -- Study Area -- Preparation of Spatial Database -- Population Distribution -- Modeling of UHI Susceptibility -- Preparation of UHI Inventory Map and Training and Validation Dataset -- AHP Model -- Kernel Logistic Regression -- SVM Model -- SMCE Model -- Model Evaluation and Assessment -- Contribution measures for UHI Susceptibility -- Results and Discussion -- AHP Model and UHI Zonation -- KLR Model and UHI Zonation -- SVM Model and UHI Zonation -- SMCE Model and UHI Zonation -- Performances of City-scale UHI Models -- Assessment and Comparison of City-scale UHI Models -- Applicability of the Models and Priority Voting Ensemble of Contributing Factors. , Conclusion -- References -- GIS Hazard Assessments as the First Step to Climate Change Adaptation -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods -- Index Distribution -- Management Considerations -- Conclusions -- References -- Landscape Ecology and Conservation for Building Resilience and Adaptation to Global Change in Venezuela -- Introduction -- Conceptual Theoretical Framework About the Landscape Analysis -- Landscape Ecology: Spatial Patterns and Dynamics of Changes -- Modelling of Climate Change Scenarios -- Conservation and Adaptation -- Methodological Contributions for Building Resilience -- Building Resilience -- Conclusions -- References -- Influence of Vegetation in the Creation of Urban Microclimates -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Strategies -- Conclusions -- References -- Preliminary Evaluation of Emergency Shelters for Disasters Associated with Landslides at the Hydrographic Basin of Corrego D'Antas, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -- Introduction -- The Socio-Environmental Disasters Associated with Landslide and the Reduction of Vulnerability Through Emergency Shelters (ES's) -- Emergency Shelters (ES) -- Study Area -- Methodology for Constructing a ES Evaluation Coefficient -- Calculation of ECES-CD and Classification of Shelters -- ECES-CD Application Methodology -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Potential of a Disturbed Humid Tropical Ecosystem, Southeast Nigeria -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Sample Collection -- Determination of Carbon Stock of the Woody Species -- Statistical Analysis -- Major Limitations of This Research -- Results and Discussion -- Ecological Characteristics of the Study Area -- Carbon Sequestration Across Land Use Categories -- Relationship Between Ecological Characteristics and Carbon Sequestered by Tree Species. , Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Flash-Floods: More Often, More Severe, More Damaging? An Analysis of Hydro-geo-environmental Conditions and Anthropogenic Impacts -- Introduction: Peculiarities of Flash Floods and the Question of Anthropogenic Effects -- Effects of Climate Warming -- Effects of Altered Land Use and Land Cover -- Effects of Engineering Measures Along the River Course and Within the Catchment -- Case Study: The Extreme Braunsbach Flash Flood, 29th May, 2016 -- Description of the Affected Region -- Rainfall Conditions -- Discharge Situation -- Geomorphological Analysis -- Damage Analysis -- Intensified Rainfall as a Consequence of Global/Regional Warming -- Land Use, Land Cover and Land Surface Conditions -- Constructions Along the River Course and Within the Catchment -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Landslide Hazard Induced by Climate Changes in North-Eastern Romania -- Introduction -- Landslides in Northeastern Romania -- Climate Change Scenarios -- Methods -- Forecasting the Influence of Climate Change for Landslide Hazard -- Conclusions -- References -- Objective Analysis of Envelope Curves for Peak Floods of European and Mediterranean Flash Floods -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The EuroMedeFF Database -- Use of Quantile Regression for Derivation of Flash Flood Envelope Curves -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Treatment of Natural Hazards Within Planning Documents in Serbia in Relation to Climate Change Issues -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Planning and Natural Hazards in Serbia -- Treatment of Natural Hazards Within the Planning Documents in Serbia -- The Case of the Kolubara Lignite Basin -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Planning Policy -- References -- Occurrence and Characteristics of Flash Floods in Bavaria (Germany) -- Introduction. , The Flash Flood Events in May and June 2016 in Bavaria -- Flash Flood Identification Based on Discharge Measurements -- Selection of Suitable Gauging Stations -- Flood Identification from Discharge Time Series -- Determination of Flash Flood Events -- Occurrence and Characteristics of Flash Floods in Bavaria -- Flash Flood Occurrence and Frequency -- Classification into the European Context -- Seasonal Distribution of Flash Floods -- Flash Flood Magnitude and Speed -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Ozone Layer Holes, Regional Climate Change and Possible Ways for Their Forecasting -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Ozone Layer and Ozone Hole -- Ozone and Its Influence on Earth's Ecosystem -- Regional Climate -- Climate Change and Total Ozone -- Regional Hazards and Their Prediction -- Statistical Assessment of Total Ozone and Surface Temperature Correlation -- Case study 1: The Ozone Mechanisms on the Territory of Belarus -- Case study 2: The Ozone Mechanism and Sudden Stratospheric Warming in February 2018 -- Conclusion -- References -- The Protective Role of Forests to Reduce Rockfall Risks and Impacts in the Alps Under a Climate Change Perspective -- Protection Forests -- Managing Protection Forests Against Rockfall Hazard -- Managing Protection Forests Under Climate Change -- Conclusions -- References -- Handling the Impacts of Climate Hazards via Adaptation Methods and Options -- Towards a Prioritized Climate Change Management Strategy: A Revisit to Mitigation and Adaptation Policies -- Introduction -- Climate Change Management Policies: A Dilemma Between Two Choices -- Mitigation Policy -- Adaptation Policy: From a Dilemma to Choice -- Contextualizing Adaptation Priority -- Benefits of Adaptation Priority -- Conclusion -- References -- Urban Heat Island Effect, Extreme Temperatures and Climate Change: A Case Study of Hong Kong SAR. , Introduction.