Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Separation and Purification of Amino Acids -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Ion Exchange Chromatography in the Separation of Amino Acids -- 1.3 Ion Exchange Chromatography of Amino Acids -- 1.4 Ion Exchange Resins -- 1.5 Buffer Systems in IEC for Separation of Amino Acids -- 1.5.1 Sodium Citrate Buffer System -- 1.5.2 Lithium Citrate Buffer System -- 1.6 The Relation Between the Concentration of Eluent and Retention Time of Amino Acids -- 1.7 Effect of Temperature on Separation of Amino Acids -- 1.8 Effect of pH on Separation of Amino Acids -- 1.9 Effect of the Flow Rate of the Eluting Buffer on the IEC of Amino Acids -- 1.10 Regeneration of the Ion Exchange Column -- 1.11 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Ion Exchange Chromatography for Enzyme Immobilization -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Enzyme Immobilization -- 2.2.1 Immobilization Approaches -- 2.3 Ion-Exchange as an Immobilization Tool -- 2.4 Enzyme Immobilization Research and Application by Ion-Exchange in the Laboratory and Industry -- 2.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- 3 Determination of Morphine in Urine -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Structural Features of Morphine -- 3.1.2 Physical Properties -- 3.1.3 Various Routes of Morphine Administration -- 3.1.4 Stay Period of Morphine in the Body -- 3.2 What Is Drug Abuse? -- 3.2.1 Fatal Dose of Morphine -- 3.2.2 Statistics Towards Morphine Addiction -- 3.2.3 Adverse Effect of Morphine -- 3.3 Samples Used for Detection of Morphine -- 3.3.1 Sample Collection/Preparation Prior to Detection -- 3.3.2 Extraction and Derivatization -- 3.4 Detection of Morphine in Urine -- 3.4.1 Chromatographic Methods -- 3.4.2 Liquid Chromatography (LC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 3.4.3 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) -- 3.4.4 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) -- 3.4.5 Electrochemical Detection. , 3.4.6 Combination of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Chromatography -- 3.4.7 Some Miscellaneous Detection Techniques -- 3.5 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- 4 Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 History -- 4.1.2 Classification of Amino Acids -- 4.2 Separation -- 4.2.1 What is Separation? -- 4.2.2 Why Need to Do Separation of Amino Acids? -- 4.2.3 What is Chromatography? -- 4.2.4 Classification of Chromatographic Methods -- 4.2.5 Advantages of Chromatographic Methods Over Other Methods -- 4.3 Separation of Amino Acids by Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 4.4 Liquid Chromatography (LC) -- 4.4.1 Separation of Amino Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 4.4.2 Advantages of Liquid Chromatography Over the Gas Chromatography -- 4.5 Amino Acid Separation by Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC) -- 4.6 Separation of Amino Acids by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) -- 4.6.1 Preparation of Thin Plates -- 4.6.2 Sample Spotting on the Thin-Layer Plate -- 4.6.3 Detection of Amino Acids on the Thin-Layer Plate -- 4.7 Separation of Amino Acids by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) -- 4.7.1 Various Modes for Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) -- 4.8 Separation of Amino Acids by the Hyphenated Technique -- 4.8.1 List of Hyphenated Techniques -- 4.8.2 Separation of Amino Acids Using GC-MS -- 4.8.3 Separation of Amino Acids by LC-MS -- 4.8.4 Separation of Amino Acids by LC-MS-MS -- 4.8.5 Separation of Amino Acids by CE-MS -- 4.9 Conclusion and Future Scope -- References -- 5 Applications of Ion-Exchange Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Application of Ion-Exchange Chromatography in Quantitative Analysis -- 5.2.1 Single-Mode Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 5.2.2 Analysis of Small Molecules (Organic and Inorganic Ions) -- 5.2.3 Mixed-Mode Chromatography. , 5.3 Pretreatment and Separation Prior to Analysis -- 5.3.1 Ionic Solid-Phase Extraction -- 5.3.2 Mixed-Mode Ion-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction -- 5.3.3 Flow Injection Ion-Exchange Preconcentration -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- 6 Thermodynamic Kinetics and Sorption of Bovine Serum Albumin with Different Clay Materials -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Experimental -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.3.1 The Effect of Some Specific Physicochemical Properties BSA onto Adsorption -- 6.3.2 Analyses of FTIR, TGA, and SEM Images -- 6.3.3 Kinetic Analysis -- 6.3.4 Thermodynamic Parameters -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Sorbitol Demineralization by Ion Exchange -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Industrial Application of Sorbitol -- 7.3 Importance of Demineralization/Deashing of Sorbitol -- 7.4 Role of Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 7.5 Different Types of Ion Exchangers for Sorbitol Demineralization -- 7.5.1 Cation-Exchange Chromatography -- 7.5.2 Anion-Exchange Chromatography -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Separation and Purification of Nucleotides, Nucleosides, Purine and Pyrimidine Bases by Ion Exchange -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.2.1 Mechanism of Ion Exchange -- 8.2.2 Components of Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.3 Nucleotides -- 8.4 Nucleosides -- 8.5 Purines and Pyrimidines -- 8.6 Column Preparation and Operation -- 8.7 Operation -- 8.8 Impact of Separation Parameters -- 8.9 Separation of Nucleotides -- 8.9.1 Fractionation of Nucleotides -- 8.9.2 Cation-Exchange Resin -- 8.9.3 Anion-Exchange Materials -- 8.10 Separation of Nucleosides -- 8.10.1 Purification of Nucleosides -- 8.10.2 Cation-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.10.3 Anion-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.11 Separation of Purines and Pyrimidines -- 8.11.1 Cation-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.11.2 Anion-Exchange Chromatography. , 8.12 Applications of Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 8.13 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Separation and Purification of Vitamins: Vitamins B1, B2, B6, C and K1 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Significance of Vitamins -- 9.3 Classification of Vitamins -- 9.3.1 Water-Soluble Vitamins -- 9.3.2 Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- 9.4 Sources of Vitamins -- 9.4.1 B Vitamins -- 9.4.2 Vitamin C -- 9.4.3 Vitamin K -- 9.5 Vitamin Deficiency Disorders -- 9.6 B Vitamins -- 9.6.1 Vitamin B1 -- 9.6.2 Vitamin B2 -- 9.6.3 Vitamin B6 -- 9.7 Vitamin C -- 9.8 Vitamin K1 -- 9.9 Separation and Purification of Vitamin -- 9.10 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.11 Mechanism of Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.12 Separation and Purification of Vitamins B1, B2 and B6 -- 9.13 Separation and Purification of Vitamin C -- 9.14 Ion-Exchange Separation and Purification of Vitamin K1 -- 9.15 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Colour Removal from Sugar Syrups -- 10.1 Colourants in Sugar Solutions -- 10.1.1 Determination of Colour in Sugar and Sugar Juices -- 10.1.2 Colour Substances in Sugar and Sugar Solutions -- 10.1.3 Formation of Beet and Cane Colourants During the Technological Process -- 10.1.4 Removal of Colourants from Beet and Cane Sugar and Sugar Solution -- 10.2 Decolourisation with Ion-Exchange Resins -- 10.2.1 The Terminology Used in Ion-Exchange Technology -- 10.2.2 Types of Ion-Exchange Resins -- 10.2.3 Set-up of Industrial Chromatographic Systems for Colour Removal -- 10.2.4 Comparison of Ion-Exchange Technology with Other Decolourising Techniques -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Use of Ion-Exchange Resins in Dehydration Reactions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Catalytic Processes of Dehydration -- 1.2.1 Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes -- 1.2.2 Dehydration of Alcohols to Ethers -- 1.2.3 Dehydration of Carbohydrates -- 1.2.4 Other Dehydration Processes -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Application of Ion-Exchange Resins in Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ion-exchange resin as a catalyst and support in reaction processes -- 2.2.1 Hydrogenation reactions and catalysis -- 2.3 Ion-Exchange Resins as Catalyst and Support for Hydrogenation Reactions -- 2.3.1 Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Compounds Using Ion-Exchange Resins -- 2.3.2 Reduction, Removal, and Hydrogenation of Nitrates Using Ion-Exchange Resin -- 2.3.3 Hydrodechlorination Reaction Using Ion-Exchange Resin -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Use of Ion-Exchange Resins in Alkylation Reactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Aspects of Ion-Exchange Resins for the Alkylation Reaction -- 3.3 Alkylation Process Using Ion-Exchange Resins -- 3.3.1 Reactors and Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 3.3.2 Alkylation Process -- 3.3.3 A Process for Continuous Alkylation of Phenol Using Ion-Exchange Resin -- 3.3.4 Process for Alkylating Benzene with Tri- and Tetra-substituted Olefins with a Sulfonic Acid Type Ion-Exchanger Resin -- 3.4 Alkylation of Alkenes with Isoalkanes -- 3.5 The Reaction of Alkylation of Sulfur Compounds with Olefins -- 3.6 Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds -- 3.6.1 The Reaction of Aromatic Compounds with Olefins -- 3.6.2 The Reaction of Aromatic Compounds with Alkyl Halides and Alcohols -- 3.7 Alkylation of Phenol -- 3.8 Alkylation of Furan and Indol Derivatives -- 3.8.1 Indole Alkylation -- 3.8.2 Furan Alkylation -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References. , 4 Ion Exchange Resins Catalysed Esterification for the Production of Value Added Petrochemicals and Oleochemicals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Ion Exchange Resin Catalysed Esterification for the Production of Petrochemicals -- 4.2.1 Esterification of Acetic Acid -- 4.2.2 Esterification of Acrylic Acid -- 4.2.3 Esterification of Lactic Acid -- 4.2.4 Esterification of Maleic Acid -- 4.3 Ion Exchange Resin Catalysed Esterification for the Production of Oleochemicals -- 4.3.1 Esterification of Oleic Acid -- 4.4 Esterification of Butyric Acid -- 4.5 Esterification of Palmitic Acid -- 4.6 Esterification of Nanonoic Acid -- 4.7 Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Plant Oil -- 4.8 Summary and Future Prospects -- References -- 5 Synthesis and Control of Silver Aggregates in Ion-Exchanged Silicate Glass by Thermal Annealing and Gamma Irradiation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Materials and Methods -- 5.2.1 Glass Composition -- 5.2.2 Ion Exchange -- 5.2.3 Gamma Irradiation and Thermal Treatment -- 5.2.4 UV-Vis Optical Absorption Spectrometry -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Effect of Ion Exchange Conditions -- 5.3.2 Effect of Thermal Annealing Conditions -- 5.3.3 Effect of Gamma Irradiation -- 5.3.4 Combined Effects of Gamma Irradiation and Thermal Annealing -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Use of Ion-Exchange Resin in Reactive Separation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Use of Ion-Exchange Resin in Reactive Separation -- 6.2.1 Reactive Distillation (RD) -- 6.3 Reactive Chromatography (RC) -- 6.4 Reactive Extraction (RE) -- 6.5 Reactive Absorption (RA) -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Chromatographic Reactive Separations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Reactive Distillation (RD) -- 7.1.2 Reactive Chromatography (RC) -- 7.1.3 Reactive Extraction (RE) -- 7.1.4 Reactive Membranes (RM) -- 7.1.5 Reactive Crystallization (RCr) -- 7.2 Concluding Remarks -- References. , 8 Ion-Exchange Chromatography in Separation and Purification of Beverages -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ion-Exchange Resins -- 8.2.1 Properties of Ion-Exchange Resins Used for Industrial Applications -- 8.2.2 Applications in Drinking Water Treatment -- 8.2.3 Major Ion-Exchange Processes in Water Treatment -- 8.2.4 Applications in Nonalcoholic Beverages -- 8.2.5 Applications in Alcoholic Beverages -- 8.3 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Ion Exchange Resin Technology in Recovery of Precious and Noble Metals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recovery of Metals from Their Pregnant Solutions -- 9.2.1 Gold -- 9.2.2 Recovery and Removal of Silver from Aqueous Industrial Solutions by Ion Exchange Technology -- 9.2.3 Removal of Copper from Industrial Effluents by Ion Exchange Technology -- 9.2.4 Uranium -- 9.2.5 Removal of Iron and Sulfate Ions from Copper Streams by Ion Exchange Technology -- 9.3 Conclusions -- References.