Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I LOTSE-CHAMP/GRACE -- 1 LOTSE-CHAMP/GRACE: An Interdisciplinary Research Project for Earth Observation from Space -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Organization of the Project -- 1.3 Major Results -- 1.4 Outlook -- 2 Improvement in GPS Orbit Determination at GFZ -- 2.1 Reference Processing -- 2.2 Improvements of the Processing -- 2.2.1 Phase Wind-Up and the GPS Attitude Model -- 2.2.2 Improved Ambiguity Fixing -- 2.2.3 Absolute Antenna Phase Centre Offset/Variation -- 2.2.4 No-Net Translation/Rotation/Scale Conditions -- 2.2.5 Change of the Observations Weight, Frame Transformations and Applications of Higher Order Ionospheric Corrections -- 2.2.6 Solar Radiation Pressure Model Reparameterization -- 2.2.7 Summary of the Modelling Improvements -- 2.3 Influence of Single Modelling Components on RL05 Orbits -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- 3 Using Accelerometer Data as Observations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Test of the Alternative Method in a Simulated Environment -- 3.3 Test of the Alternative Method with Real-World CHAMP Data -- 3.4 GRACE Scenario with Real Data -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 GFZ RL05: An Improved Time-Series of Monthly GRACE Gravity Field Solutions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Changes in Observation Models -- 4.2.1 GPS Data -- 4.2.2 K-Band Data -- 4.2.3 Accelerometer Data -- 4.3 Changes in Background Models -- 4.3.1 Time-Variable Gravity Field Model -- 4.3.2 Ocean Tide Model -- 4.3.3 De-Aliasing Model -- 4.4 Processing Environment and Standards -- 4.5 Results -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 GRACE Gravity Modeling Using the Integrated Approach -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Specifications -- 5.3 Processing and Results -- 5.4 Discussion -- References -- 6 Comparison of Daily GRACE Solutions to GPS Station Height Movements. , 6.1 Introduction: The GRACE Kalman Filter Approach -- 6.2 Validation of Daily Solutions -- 6.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 7 Identification and Reduction of Satellite-Induced Signals in GRACE Accelerometer Data -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Magnetic Torquer Spikes -- 7.3 Heater Spikes -- 7.4 Twangs -- 7.5 Impact onto the Gravity Field -- 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 8 Reprocessing and Application of GPS Radio Occultation Data from CHAMP and GRACE -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Improvement of GPS RO Data Analysis and Reprocessing -- 8.3 Global Temperature and Tropopause Trends -- 8.4 Ionospheric Irregularities in the E-Region -- 8.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Part II REAL GOCE -- 9 Real Data Analysis GOCE (REAL GOCE): A Retrospective Overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Contributions -- References -- 10 GOCE Gravity Gradients: Reprocessed Gradients and Spherical Harmonic Analyses -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Upgrades of Level 1b Processing Methods -- 10.3 Semi-Analytic Gravity Field Analysis -- 10.4 Spectral Analysis of GOCE Gravity Models -- 10.5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 11 GOCE Gravity Gradients: Combination with GRACE and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Rotation of the Gravity Gradient Tensor -- 11.3 Validation of Gravity Gradients -- 11.3.1 Direct Comparison of Gravity Gradients and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.3.2 Combination of Gravity Gradients and Satellite Altimetry -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Incorporating Topographic-Isostatic Information into GOCE Gravity Gradient Processing -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rock-Water-Ice Methodology -- 12.3 Numerical Investigations -- 12.4 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Global Gravity Field Models from Different GOCE Orbit Products -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Precise Orbit Determination of GOCE. , 13.3 From GOCE Orbits to the Gravity Field -- 13.3.1 Theoretical Background -- 13.3.2 Model Settings -- 13.4 Results -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Adjustment of Digital Filters for Decorrelation of GOCE SGG Data -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Individual Filters for Decorrelation -- 14.2.1 High-Pass Filter -- 14.2.2 Notch Filter -- 14.2.3 Whitening Filter -- 14.3 Filter Cascade for Correlated GOCE SGG Data -- 14.4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 15 Stochastic Modeling of GOCE Gravitational Tensor Invariants -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Statistical Study of GOCE Gravitational Invariants -- 15.3 Modeling the GOCE Invariant Noise -- 15.3.1 Modeling the Long Wavelength Errors -- 15.3.2 Simple Modeling of the Complete Spectrum -- 15.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 16 Cross-Overs Assess Quality of GOCE Gradients -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Principle of XO Analysis and Data Pre-Processing -- 16.3 Analysis of XO Residuals -- 16.4 Numerical Quality Measures of GOCE Gradients -- 16.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 17 Consistency of GOCE Geoid Information with in-situ Ocean and Atmospheric Data, Tested by Ocean State Estimation -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methodology -- 17.2.1 Mean Dynamic Topography -- 17.2.2 GECCO -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Consistency with in situ Ocean Data -- 17.3.2 Consistency with Atmospheric Boundary Conditions -- 17.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 18 Regional Validation and Combination of GOCE Gravity Field Models and Terrestrial Data -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Validation of GOCE Gravity Field Models -- 18.3 Combination of GOCE and Terrestrial Data -- 18.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 19 Height System Unification Based on GOCE Gravity Field Models: Benefits and Challenges -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Data Sets -- 19.3 Validation of Global GOCE Gravity Field Models. , 19.4 Combination of Global and Regional Gravity Field Models by Filtering -- 19.5 Unification of Height Systems in Europe Based on Gravity Field Models -- 19.6 Summary -- References -- 20 EIGEN-6C: A High-Resolution Global Gravity Combination Model Including GOCE Data -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Used Data and Combination Strategy -- 20.3 Main Characteristics and Evaluation of EIGEN-6C -- 20.4 Summary -- References -- Part III Future Missions -- 21 Future Gravity Field Satellite Missions -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.1.1 Historical Background -- 21.1.2 Objectives -- 21.1.3 Technical Challenges and Constraints -- 21.2 Methodology, Analysis Challenges and Tools -- 21.2.1 Quick-Look Tools -- 21.2.2 Full-Scale Simulation (Methodology) -- 21.2.3 Analysis at PSD Level in Terms of Range Rates -- 21.2.4 Sensor Performance Breakdown and Budget -- 21.2.5 Sensor and System Simulation -- 21.3 Analysis and Selection of Mission Scenarios -- 21.3.1 Basic Mission Requirements -- 21.3.2 Laser Metrology and Atom Interferometry -- 21.3.3 Inertial Sensor Positioning and Gravitational Reference Point -- 21.3.4 From Initial to Final Selected Scenarios -- 21.4 Final Scenarios -- 21.4.1 System Design Approach for the Conservative Pendulum -- 21.4.2 System Design Approach for the Challenging Pendulum -- 21.4.3 Geodetic Comparison of Goal and Fallback Scenarios -- 21.5 Results and Outlook -- 21.5.1 Lessons Learnt -- 21.5.2 Roadmap -- References.