Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- In-Situ Remediation Approaches for the Management of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selection and Suitability of Remedial Measures -- 3 In-Situ Remediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater -- 3.1 Heating -- 3.1.1 Injection: Steam/Hot Air -- 3.1.2 Electrical Resistance Heating -- 3.1.3 Electromagnetic Heating: Radio Frequency/Microwave -- 3.1.4 Thermal Conductive Heating/Thermal Desorption -- 3.1.5 Vitrification -- 3.2 Soil Flushing -- 3.3 Fracturing: Pneumatic/Blast-Enhanced/Lasagna™/Hydro -- 3.4 Physical Barriers: Treatment Walls/Permeable Reactive Barriers -- 3.5 Soil Vapor Extraction -- 3.6 Electrokinetic Remediation -- 3.7 Multi 3-Phase/Dual-Phase/Vacuum-Enhanced Extraction/Bioslurping -- 3.8 Air Sparging -- 3.9 Bioventing -- 3.10 Natural Attenuation -- 3.11 Phytoremediation -- 3.12 Bioaugmentation -- 3.13 Biostimulation -- 3.14 Biosorption -- 4 Emerging Technologies -- 4.1 Microbial Fuel Cells -- 4.2 Nanoremediation -- 4.3 Transgenic Plants and Microbes -- 4.4 Microbial Consortia in Photo-Hetero Microbial System -- 5 Challenges and Prospects -- 6 Summary -- References -- Ex-Situ Remediation Technologies for Environmental Pollutants: A Critical Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Remediation -- 3 Existing Ex-Situ Remedial Options for Contaminated Soil and Groundwater: Technology Profile and Recent Advances -- 3.1 Dig-and-Dump (Landfills and Engineered Landfills) -- 3.2 Pump-and-Treat -- 3.3 Incineration -- 3.4 Oxidation -- 3.5 Adsorption -- 3.6 Ion-Exchange -- 3.7 Pyrolysis -- 3.8 Soil Washing -- 3.9 Dehalogenation -- 3.10 Solid-Phase Bioremediation -- 3.10.1 Biopiles -- 3.10.2 Landfarming -- 3.10.3 Composting -- 3.11 Slurry-Phase Bioremediation: Bioreactors -- 3.12 Solidification/Stabilization -- 3.13 Constructed Wetlands. , 4 Ex-Situ Technologies for Air Pollution Control -- 5 Emerging Ex-Situ Remediation Technologies -- 5.1 Ultrasonic Technology -- 5.2 Microbial Fuel Cells, Nanoremediation and Others -- 6 Future Research Needs -- 7 Summary -- References -- Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources and Types of Epidemiological Evidence -- 3 Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in the General Population -- 4 Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Occupationally Exposed Populations -- 5 Types and Utility of Biomarkers -- 6 Conclusions -- 7 Summary -- Appendix 1: Search Strategy -- References -- Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Stoichiometric Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nanostructured Oxides -- 2.1 Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals -- 2.2 Aluminum Oxide -- 2.3 Zinc Oxide -- 2.4 Titanium Oxide -- 2.4.1 Zr4+ and Hf4+-Doped Titania -- 2.4.2 Ge4+ and In3+ Doped Titania -- 2.4.3 Titania, Iron and Manganese Mixed Oxides -- 2.5 Zero-Valent Iron and Iron Oxides -- 2.6 Zirconium Hydroxide -- 2.7 Manganese Oxide (MnO2) -- 2.8 Vanadium Oxide -- 2.9 Ce3+ and Ce4+ Oxides -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stressor Types, Case Studies and Recovery Estimates Covered by the Review -- 3 Variability in Recovery Times Among Taxonomic Groups -- 3.1 Algae -- 3.2 Zooplankton -- 3.3 Fish -- 3.4 Macro-invertebrates -- 3.4.1 Diptera -- 3.4.2 Ephemeroptera -- 3.4.3 Oligochaeta -- 3.4.4 Macro-crustacea -- 3.4.5 Plecoptera -- 3.4.6 Trichoptera -- 3.4.7 Heteroptera -- 3.4.8 Odonata -- 3.4.9 Coleoptera -- 3.4.10 Mollusca -- 3.5 Macrophytes -- 4 Contributions of Ecosystem Type, Landscape Characteristics and Community Processes -- 5 Variability in Recovery Times among Stressor Types. , 6 Comparison of Semi-field and Field Recovery Times -- 7 The Role of Effect Size in Recovery Time Estimation -- 8 Limitations for the Derivation of Recovery Times -- 9 Risk Assessment, Ecological Recovery and Legislation -- 10 Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Metalliferous Mining Pollution and Its Impact on Terrestrial and Semi-terrestrial Vertebrates: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Geographical and Temporary Distribution and Operational Status -- 3.2 Main Metal Ore -- 3.3 Sentinel Species -- 3.4 Biomarkers -- 3.4.1 Biomarkers of Exposure -- 3.4.2 Biomarkers of Effect -- Biochemical and Hematological Biomarkers -- Genotoxic Parameters -- Health Status at Individual Level -- Population and Community Level Biomarkers -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Fluorotelomer Alcohols´ Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Metabolism of FTOHs -- 2.1 Metabolic Pathways and Toxicokinetics -- 2.2 Metabolising Enzymes -- 3 Toxicity -- 4 Toxicity Induced by Oxidative Stress -- 4.1 Generation of Oxidative Stress and ROS -- 4.2 Oxidative Damage -- 4.2.1 Damage to DNA -- 4.2.2 Damage to Lipids -- 4.3 Alterations in Antioxidant Status -- 4.4 Cell Signalling -- 5 Conclusion and Prospects -- References -- Perchlorate Contamination: Sources, Effects, and Technologies for Remediation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origins and Utilisation of Perchlorate -- 2.1 Natural Origin -- 2.2 Anthropogenic Origin -- 3 Environmental and Health Effects -- 3.1 Health Effects on Humans -- 3.2 Effects on Biota -- 4 Technologies for Perchlorate Treatment -- 4.1 Physicochemical Methods -- 4.1.1 Membrane-Based Technologies -- 4.1.2 Ion Exchange -- 4.1.3 Chemical Reduction -- 4.1.4 Electrochemical Reduction -- 4.1.5 Activated Carbon -- 4.2 Biological Treatment of Perchlorate -- 4.2.1 Types of Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria -- 4.2.2 Habitats of Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria -- 4.2.3 Environmental Requirements for Bacterial Degradation of Perchlorate. , 4.2.4 Biochemical Metabolism of Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria -- 4.2.5 Application of Biological Reduction -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Sources of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the Soil: A Review of the Spreading M... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 ARGs in the Soil Environment -- 3 Sources of ARGs in the Soil Environment -- 3.1 ARB and ARGs in Soils Due to Manure Application -- 3.2 Different Types of Manure Sources Influence ARGs Occurrence in the Soil -- 3.3 Wastewater as a Source of ARB and ARGs in the Soil -- 3.3.1 Release of ARB and ARGs from WWTP Effluents into the Soil -- 3.3.2 Impacts of Irrigation Using WWTP Effluents on the Abundance of ARB and ARGs in the Soil -- 3.3.3 Persistence of ARGs in WWTP Effluents as a Source of ARB and ARGs Dissemination in the Soil -- 3.3.4 Application of Sewage Sludge to Agricultural Soils -- 3.3.5 Deposition of ARGs from Livestock Excrements into the Soil Environment -- 3.3.6 ARGs in Native Soils -- 4 Dissemination of Associated-ARGs with Anthropogenically Impacted Environments into the Soil -- 4.1 Human Exposure Risk Related to Runoff and Leaching -- 4.2 Human Risk Exposure Pathways Due to Plants Uptake -- 4.3 Human Exposure Pathways Due to Groundwater Contaminated with Antibiotics and Their Related ARB and ARGs -- 5 Sorption of Antibiotics in Soil: ARB and ARGs Dissemination -- 5.1 Transfer of Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Agroecosystem -- 5.2 ARB and ARGs Associated Genes in Livestock Production Farms -- 6 Environmental and Ecological Effects of Soil Antibiotics and Related ARB and ARGs -- 7 Health Effects of Soil Contaminated Antibiotics and Their Related ARB and ARGs -- 7.1 Impact of Antibiotic Resistance on Human and Environmental Health -- 7.2 Ecological Health Risk Related to the Antibiotics and the Antibiotic Resistance. , 8 Suggestions and Mitigation Strategies -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- An Overview of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Sorghum Towards Heavy Metal Stress -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Heavy Metal Uptake, Translocation, and Accumulation in Sorghum -- 3 Impact of Heavy Metals on the Morphological Characteristics of Sorghum -- 4 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Physiological Aspects of Sorghum -- 5 Biochemical Changes in Response to Heavy Metals in Sorghum -- 6 Molecular Modulations Under Heavy Metal Stress in Sorghum -- 7 Future Prospects -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Water and Soil Pollution: Ecological Environmental Study Methodologies Useful for Public Health Projects. A Literature Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Type 1: Regression with Data by Geographical Area -- 3.2 Type 2: Regression Models at Individual Level -- 3.3 Type 3: Exposure Intensity Threshold Values for Evaluating Health Outcome -- 3.4 Type 4: Distance between Pollutant Source and Health Outcome Clusters -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References.