Note: Intro -- Foreword by ADA -- Preface by Microenergy Systems Research Group -- Preface by Daniel M. Kammen -- Preface by the Organizing Team -- Conference Summary -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I New Experiences, Simulations and Visions from the Field of AC and DC Minigrids -- 1 Swarm Electrification: Investigating a Paradigm Shift Through the Building of Microgrids Bottom-up -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective and Methodology -- Literature Review -- Analyzing the Model: Case Study Bangladesh -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- References -- 2 Identifying Hidden Resources in Solar Home Systems as the Basis for Bottom-Up Grids -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Solar Module Simulation -- Battery Model -- Charge Controller -- Load Profile -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 A Concept of DC Nano-Grid for Low Cost Energy Access in Rural Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Debate of DC Versus AC -- Solar PV Based Irrigation in Bangladesh -- The Concept of DC Nanogrid: Its Appropriateness in the Context of Bangladesh -- A Calculation for Water Delivery for a Small Irrigation Pump -- The Cost Calculation for the Proposed Nano-Grid -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Experience from First Solar Mini Grid Service in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- System Design and Planning -- Consumer Profile in Enam Nahar Market -- Business Plan -- Tariff for Electricity -- Hardware and System Configuration -- Results and Discussion -- Revenue from Solar Mini Grid Service -- Challenges Faced by Mini Grid Service -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Prospects for Electricity Access in Rural India Using Solar Photovoltaic Based Mini-Grid Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- System Design, Maintenance and Management. , Costs and Tariff -- Livelihoods and Long-Term Sustainability -- Results -- Discussion -- A Roadmap to 100 % Electricity Access for India@75 -- References -- 6 The Case for Solar-Diesel Hybrid Minigrids in Bangladesh: Design Considerations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Local Functional Project Structure -- Key Design Considerations -- Site Survey and Survey Items -- Demand Assessment -- System Design -- Financial Modelling for Minigrids -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 7 A Simulation Gaming Approach to Micro-grid Design and Planning: Participatory Design and Capacity Building -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- The Simulation Game as a Tool and Artifact -- The Simulation Gaming Process for Participatory Design -- The Simulation Gaming Process for Capacity Building -- Results: Simulation Game Screenshots -- Discussion: Case Study Observations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 The Energy Centre Model: An Approach to Village Scale Energy Supply -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Reference -- 9 Lessons from the Edge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Understanding the Challenge -- A Resilience Perspective -- Energy Resilience -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Part II Innovations in Value Chainsand Financing Schemes -- 10 Value Chain Thinking and Energy Projects---A Problem-Centered Value Chain Approach to Energy Based Upgrading of Rice Farmers in the Philippines -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- The Systemic Value Chain Approach -- Value Chain Theory and PU of Energy -- Proposal of a Problem-Centred Value Chain Approach -- Case Study: Energy Based Upgrading of Rice Farmers in the Philippines -- Method -- Analysis -- Discussion and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 11 Advanced Solar-Irrigation Scheduling for Sustainable Rural Development: A Case of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Soil Moisture Sensing -- Soil Parameters -- The Irrigation Scheduling Algorithm -- Weather Parameters -- Renewable Energy -- The Role of Information Technology -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Towards a Waste Management System for Solar Home Systems in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Estimation of Disposal of Lead-Acid Batteries -- Estimation of Lead Flows on a Country Level -- Results -- Estimation of Lead Flows -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 How to Scale up Green Microfinance? A Comparative Study of Energy Lending in Peru -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Background -- Engaging in Green Microfinance -- Greening the MFI -- Model and Set-up -- Challenges -- Green Loan Disbursement -- Institutional Commitment -- Supply Chain Design -- Client Response -- Empowering Green MFIs -- References -- 14 Microfinancing Decentralized Solar Energy Systems in India: Innovative Products Through Group Approach -- Abstract -- Introduction and Background -- Literature Review -- Methodology -- Discussion and Results -- Conclusions -- Further Research Demands -- Notes -- References -- 15 Innovative Energy Access for Remote Areas: ``The LUAV-Light up a Village'' Project -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Additional Research -- Specific Details of the Program -- Results -- Findings -- Scaling up -- References -- 16 Exploring the Barriers to Impact Investing in the Sustainable Energy Area in West Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- 17 The Synergies Between Mobile Phone Access and Off Grid Energy Solutions -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Research Questions -- Methodology -- The Ubiquity of Mobile in Emerging Markets -- A Majority of the Off Grid Population is Covered by Mobile Networks -- Five Mobile Channels to Enhance Access to Energy -- Emerging Mobile-Based Energy Business Model---The Pay as You Go Example -- Challenges of Such Mobile Enabled Solutions -- Discussion -- References -- 18 Optimizing Device Operation with a Local Electricity Price -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Data Sources -- Prior Work -- Individual Device Operation -- Optimizing Demand Patterns -- Single Device Results -- Multiple Device Results -- Discussion -- Additional Issues -- Further Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III Implementation and Decision-Making -- 19 Financing Energy Efficiency and Climate Adaptation Measures on Household Level in Kyrgyzstan---Market Based Approaches in a Post-soviet Country? -- Abstract -- Problem Statement -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- 20 Demand Assessment of Solar Electrification in Off-Grid Rural Communities of Pakistan Through Microfinancing of Solar Home Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Energy Needs -- Lighting -- Appliances -- Ability to Pay -- Average Monthly Household Income -- Sources of Income -- Average Monthly Savings -- Current Energy Expenditures -- Decision Making Power in the Household -- Willingness to Pay -- Relationship to the National Grid -- Perceptions of SHS -- Willingness to Microfinance a SHS -- Discussion -- SHS Technical Design -- SHS Loan Design -- Conclusions -- References -- 21 Scale Versus Substance? Lessons from a Context-Responsive Approach to Market-Based Stove Development in Western Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- The USEPA Smoke Alleviation Project -- A Different Kind of Marketplace. , Context-Responsive Stove Market Development in West Kochieng -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 22 How Big is Small? Enough to not Breathe Oil! -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Conclusions -- Discussion -- References -- 23 Analysis of Decision-Making for Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Colombia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion and Conclusions Applicable Beyond Colombia -- References -- 24 Barriers and Solutions to the Development of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Caribbean -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-Scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Supporting Sustainable Agriculture -- The Concept of Sustainable Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Empirical Evidence -- 2.1 Theory and Principles of Agricultural Sustainability -- 2.2 The Need to Be Agriculturally Sustainable -- 2.3 The Way Forward -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Agriculture-Food Nexus. The Paradox of Sustainable Development in Mexico -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods and Approach -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Dietary Patterns -- 3.2 Trends in Food Production -- 3.3 Proposals Regional Food-Production Systems -- 4 Future Research Needs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Prosocial Partnerships - A Scalable Pathway to Sustainable Agricultural Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Eight Prosocial Core Design Principles -- 3 Methods -- 4 Case Selection: Pueblo Arboles, Costa Rica -- 5 Centro Sustentable -- 6 Results Principle One: Shared Identity and Purpose -- 7 Principle Two: Equitable Distribution of Contributions and Benefits -- 8 Principle Three: Inclusive Decision Making -- 9 Principle Four: Monitoring Agreed Behaviors -- 10 Principle Five: Graduated Responding to Helpful and Unhelpful Behavior -- 11 Principle Six: Fast and Fair Conflict Resolution -- 12 Principle Seven: Authority to Self-Govern -- 13 Principle Eight: Collaborative Relations with Other Groups -- 14 Discussion -- 15 Proposed Model for Co-operative Sustainable Agricultural Development -- 16 The Prosocial Co-operative Design Framework -- 17 Conclusion -- References -- Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Serbia: Empirical Insights from a Spatial Planning Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Climate Adaptive Agriculture: A Smallholders Case Study of the Southwestern Highlands of Ethiopia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology and Data Collection -- 2.1 Study Site. , 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3 Results of the Study and Discussion -- 3.1 Analysis of Metrological Data (Precipitation and Temperature) at Four Districts of Kafa Zone -- 3.2 Farmers' Perception on Climate Change -- 3.3 Climate Adaptation of Agriculture for Food Security -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Differentiated Intra-Household Food Utilisation in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Site -- 2.2 Study Design -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Indigenous Pokkali Farming in Kerala: A Sustainable Social-Ecological Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Origin and History of Pokkali Farming in Kerala -- 3 Social-Ecological System Dynamics in Pokkali Farming -- 4 Pokkali Farming Systems-Techniques and Strategies -- 5 Agri-aqua Integration -- 6 Water Management -- 7 Organic Weed and Pest Management -- 8 Application of Indigenous Knowledge -- 9 Institutional Management in Pokkali Cultivation -- 10 The Social Relevance of Pokkali Farming -- 11 Rural Livelihood -- 12 Food Security -- 13 The Economic Value of Pokkali Cultivation -- 14 Ecological Relevance of Pokkali Fields -- 15 Water Security and Flood Control -- 16 Biodiversity -- 17 Climate Adaptability -- 18 Evolving Challenges to Pokkali Farming System -- 19 Conclusion -- References -- Agricultural Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies by Farmers to Climate Change in South-Western Coastal Bangladesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Rainfall and Land Data -- 2.3 Socioeconomic Data and Adaptation Methods -- 2.4 Multiple Logistic Regression (MLRM) Model -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Rainfall and Land Use Changes -- 3.2 Socioeconomic Data Summary -- 3.3 Strategies for Adaptation to Changing Climate -- 3.4 The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors in Adaptation. , 4 Discussion About Adaptation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- A Proposed Methodology to Map Soil Moisture in Support of Farm-Level Decision Making Under Changing Climatic Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Image Compilation and Preprocessing -- 3 Results and Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Role of Integrated Organic Cycle Farming in Tropical Agroforestry Systems for Sustainable Food Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Sustainable Agriculture Development -- 3.2 Agroforestry for Sustainable Food Security -- 3.3 Integrated Bio-Cycle in Agroforestry -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Intensification of Agroforestry Systems in Community Forests to Increase Land Productivity and Sustainable Food Sovereignty -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Environmental Engineering for Increasing Crop Productivity -- 3.2 Integrated Crop Management -- 3.3 Maintenance of Plantation -- 3.4 Fertilization -- 3.5 Pruning -- 3.6 Thinning -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development of Agriculture: Modeling and Management to Ensure Food Security -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Materials and Method -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Fostering Food Security -- Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa: A Novel Technology Fostering Regional Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Methodology -- 1.4 Organization of the Chapter -- 2 Food Security Concept and Global Trends -- 2.1 Food Security: A Conceptual Framework -- 2.2 Global Food Security: Recent Trends and Developments -- 3 The State of Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) -- 3.1 Food Security in SSA: Emerging Trends and Challenges. , 3.2 Factors Contributing to Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4 Fostering Food Security Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Emergence of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa -- 4.1 Preamble -- 4.2 The State of Maize Production Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 4.3 The Emergence of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa -- 4.4 Dispersion of Drought Tolerant Maize in Africa: Progress and Prospects -- 5 Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion -- 5.1 Summary -- 5.2 Recommendations -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Climate-Smart Agriculture Approaches and Concepts for Food Systems Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Realities and Myths -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Data and Analysis -- 2.2 Contextualizing CSA in SSA -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Practices (Some) Promoted as CSA in SSA -- 3.2 Limitations to CSA Implementation in SSA -- 4 Which Lessons for Sustainability? -- 5 How Can CSA Reduce Women's Vulnerabilities and Improve Priorities and Needs? -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Dynamics of Promoting Youth Participation in Smallholder Agriculture for Sustainable Food Security in Lupane District, Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Setting and Methods -- 2 Results and Discussion -- 2.1 Factors Affecting Youth Participation in Agriculture -- 2.2 Livelihood Activities Pursued by Youths Outside Smallholder Agriculture -- 3 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Association of Sustainable Food Security with Climatic and Non-climatic Factors in Gujarat State of India: A District-Wise Panel Data Investigation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Method and Material -- 2.1 Brief Discussion on Study Area -- 2.2 Data Source -- 2.3 Adopted Technique for Index Estimation -- 3 Empirical Analysis -- 3.1 Development of Food Security Index (FSI). , 3.2 Adoption of Regression Models for Assessing the Impact of Climatic and Non-climatic Factors on Food Security Index -- 3.3 Finalization of Suitable Regression Model -- 4 Empirical Results -- 4.1 Cross Comparison of Districts in Food Security and Its Components -- 4.2 Regression Coefficients of FSI with Climatic and Non-climatic Factors -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Concluding Remark and Policy Implications -- References -- Integrating Lean Concepts in Smallholder Farming to Catalyze Sustainable Agriculture for Food Security in Trinidad, WI -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Literature Review -- 3.1 A Global Perspective -- 4 Smallholders Farmers -- 4.1 Challenges to Implement Lean -- 5 Trends in Trinidad -- 5.1 Land Distribution -- 5.2 Marketing Support (NAMDEVCO) -- 5.3 Financial Support (ADB) -- 6 Ro-Crops Model Farm -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Land Tenure and Succession -- 6.3 Ro-Crops Core Business -- 6.4 Ro-Crops Accomplishments -- 6.5 Ro-Crops Development -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Reducing Food Loss in Kenya for a Sustainable Food Future -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Data Analysis -- 2.2 Results and Discussion -- 3 Drivers of Food Loss -- 3.1 Climate Change -- 3.2 Nature -- 3.3 Human Activity -- 3.4 Policy -- 4 Impact of Food Loss -- 5 Strategies in Use for Mitigating Food Loss in Kenya -- 5.1 Innovative Technology Applications -- 5.2 Cold Storage -- 5.3 Mobile-Based Applications -- 5.4 On-Farm Technologies -- 5.5 Packaging Technology -- 5.6 Value Addition -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Zimbabwe's Pfumvudza Agriculture Programme-Reality or Rhetoric? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conservation Agriculture as the Predecessor of Pfumvudza -- 3 What is Pfumvudza? -- 4 Characteristics of a Pfumvudza Plot -- 5 The Actor-Network Theory (ANT) -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Muzarabani-A Brief -- 8 Results and Discussion. , 8.1 Pfumvudza Networks.