Note: Intro -- Climate Change and the Sustainable Use of Water Resources -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I -- 1 Climate Change Impacts on Green Water Fluxes in the Eastern Mediterranean -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area and Data Quality -- Method of Investigation -- Soil Moisture and Runoff -- Transpiration -- Results -- Soil Moisture Dynamics -- Direct Evaporation -- Transpiration -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Stormwater Reuse via Aquifer Storage and Recovery: Risk Assessment for Sandy AquifersTC ''Stormwater reuse via aquifer storage and recovery:'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Benefits and Constraints of ASR -- Stormwater Versus Treated Effluent -- ASR Technique: Theory and Case Studies -- Site Selection Considerations -- Water Quality Considerations -- Microbial Pathogens -- Natural Organic Matter -- Redox Reactions -- Ion Exchange -- Dissolution/Precipitation -- ASR in Use -- First Conclusions -- Stormwater ASR in Sandy Aquifers -- Stormwater Quality -- Total Suspended Solids -- Nutrients and Oxygen -- Organic Carbon -- Heavy Metals -- Metal Behaviour During the ASR Cycle -- Pretreatment -- Injection -- Storage -- Recovery -- Overall -- Implications and Recommendations -- Implications for Stormwater ASR in Sandy Aquifers -- Aquifer Selection Recommendations -- Monitoring Recommendations -- Pretreatment Recommendations -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Hydrologic Balance of Citarum Watershed under Current and Future ClimateTC ''Hydrologic Balance of Citarum Watershed Under Current and Future Climate'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Streamflow Analysis -- Hydrology Balance Analysis -- Water Supply -- Water Demand -- Water Supply Scenarios -- Water Demand Scenarios -- Results of Analysis -- Impact of ENSO on Streamflow -- Water Supply -- Water Balance. , No Change in Rainfall Scenario -- Change in Rainfall Scenario -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 Towards a Database for an Information Management System on Climate Change: An Online Resource -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problem Definition -- Goals and Objectives -- Materials and Methods -- Conclusion -- Supporting Information Available -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Evapotranspiration and Soil SalinizationTC ''Assessing the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration and soil salinization'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II -- 6 The South African Water Sector: On its Way Towards Adaptive Water Governance?TC ''The South African Water Sector: on its Way Towards Adaptive Water Governance?'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Towards a Concept for Adaptive Water Governance -- Adaptive Governance -- Good Governance -- Water Governance -- Adaptive Water Governance -- The Problem of Interplay: Multi-Level and Horizontal Governance -- The Problem of Fit: Polycentric, Flexible and Redundant Governance Structures -- Social Sustainability: Equity, Integration and Participation -- Economic Sustainability: Efficiency and Coherence -- Political Sustainability: Rule of Law, Accountability and Transparency -- Ecological Sustainability and Responsiveness -- Synergies and Trade-Offs Between the Elements of Adaptive Water Governance -- Adaptive Water Governance Applied to South African Water Governance Reforms -- Flexible Institutions: the National Water Act -- Redundancy: Functional Overlap of Institutions -- Participation of Stakeholders: Top--Down Versus Bottom--Up -- Equity: Providing Equal Access to Water and Sanitation Services -- Conclusion. , Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Increase in Port Downtime and Damage in Vietnam Due To a Potential Increase in Tropical Cyclone IntensityTC ''Increase in Port Downtime and Damage in Vietnam Due to a Potential Increase in Tropical Cyclone Intensity'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Assumptions -- Tropical Cyclone Data -- Population Projections -- GDP Projections -- Simulation Methodology -- Increase in Tropical Cyclone Intensity in the Year 2085 -- Effect of Maximum Sustained Wind Speed on Radius of Tropical Cyclone -- Computation of Wind Downtime and Minimum Damage Threshold -- Estimation of Indirect Damage -- Loss of Productivity of Ports -- Effect of Climate Change on Port Operations -- Estimation of Direct Damage -- Implications and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Hydro-Economic Analysis for Water Resources Management in a Changing ClimateTC ''Hydro-Economic Analysis for Water Resources Management in a Changing Climate'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hydro-Economic Models: Concept and Design -- A Description of the Approach -- Examples of Model Design -- Analysing Adaptation in Water Resources Management with a Hydro-Economic Approach -- Water and Agriculture -- Water and its Multiple Users -- Additional Applications of Hydro-Economic Models -- New Infrastructure and Water Markets -- Flood Infrastructure Investments -- Institutional Aspects: Barriers to Climate Resilient Water Management -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Climate Change and Water Resource Availability: What to Do? -- Abstract -- Water Resource and Climate Change: A Background -- Another Global Problem Connected with Water Resource: The Price of Water -- Adaptation to Climate Change as Sustainable Water Management -- A Way for Sustainable Water Management: Environmental Education as Ethics of Consumption for Young Generations. , Discussion of Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability Among Smallholder Farmers in TanzaniaTC ''Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability Among Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Evolution and Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Study Areas -- Vertical Progress of Farmer Groups -- Step Towards an Economic Stage -- Horizontal Expansion of Farmer Group Activities -- Impacts of Climate Change Adaptations on Land Cover Degradation -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 ''Greening'' Integrated Water Resources Management Policies for Tackling Climate Change Impacts: A Call for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Concept of IWRM -- IWRM and Climate Change -- Greening IWRM: A Demand of the Time -- Why ''Greening IWRM''? -- What is Green IWRM? -- Greening IWRM: A Process Approach -- Greening IWRM: The Case of Bangladesh -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Urbanization and Flood Vulnerability in a Peri-Urban Neighbourhood of Dakar, Senegal: How can Participatory GIS Contribute to Flood Management?TC ''Urbanization and flood vulnerability in a peri-urban neighborhood of Dakar (Senegal): How can participatory GIS contribute to flood management?'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- The problem of Floods at the Peri-Urban Interface -- GIS as a Diagnostic Tool -- GIS as a Prescriptive Tool -- Alternative GISs: PPGIS, PGIS, and CiGIS -- PGIS: a Definition -- Participation in PGIS -- The Benefits of Participation -- Access to Differentiated Information -- The Potential for Empowerment -- Objectives -- Study Area -- Methodology -- Results -- The Urbanization Process -- The Influence of Landforms -- The Influence of Land Availability -- The Influence of Land Price -- Risk Awareness and Marginalization. , PGIS: The Intersection between Intervention and Research -- Participation and Empowerment -- Participation and an Improved Access to Knowledge -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Vulnerability of Andean Communities to Climate Variability and Climate ChangeTC ''Vulnerability of Andean Communities to Climate Variability and Climate Change'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water Governance, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change -- The Study Areas -- The Vulnerability of the Basins -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Water Management Issues in Southern Tunisia Under a Climate Change ContextTC ''Water Management Issues in the Southern Tunisia Under Climate Change Context'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cross-border Water Management Issues -- Southern Tunisia Water Policy Milestones -- Technical Constraints -- The Illegal Oasis Extension -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of the Vulnerable People in the Southwestern Coastal Zone in BangladeshTC ''Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of the Vulnerable People in the Southwestern Coastal Zone in Bangladesh'' \f C \l ''3 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Key Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risks Due to Climate Change -- Current Climate -- Sea Level Rise -- Saltwater Intrusion -- Increased Intensity of Extreme Events -- Increasing Cyclones and Storm Surges -- Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Flooding -- Increased Drought -- Key Impacts and Vulnerabilities -- Crop Agriculture and Food Security -- Livestock -- Coastal Zone -- Impact on Mangrove Ecosystem -- Settlements and Infrastructure -- Impact on Livelihoods -- Vulnerability of Small Farmers in the Coastal Zone -- Wage Labour in the Coastal Zone -- Changing Lives -- Losing Livelihood: Gradually -- Lost Livelihood: Sudden -- Summary of the Key Impacts. , Adaptation Strategies for Reducing Vulnerabilities Due to Climate Change.

Note: Intro -- Foreword by ADA -- Preface by Microenergy Systems Research Group -- Preface by Daniel M. Kammen -- Preface by the Organizing Team -- Conference Summary -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I New Experiences, Simulations and Visions from the Field of AC and DC Minigrids -- 1 Swarm Electrification: Investigating a Paradigm Shift Through the Building of Microgrids Bottom-up -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective and Methodology -- Literature Review -- Analyzing the Model: Case Study Bangladesh -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- References -- 2 Identifying Hidden Resources in Solar Home Systems as the Basis for Bottom-Up Grids -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Solar Module Simulation -- Battery Model -- Charge Controller -- Load Profile -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 A Concept of DC Nano-Grid for Low Cost Energy Access in Rural Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Debate of DC Versus AC -- Solar PV Based Irrigation in Bangladesh -- The Concept of DC Nanogrid: Its Appropriateness in the Context of Bangladesh -- A Calculation for Water Delivery for a Small Irrigation Pump -- The Cost Calculation for the Proposed Nano-Grid -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Experience from First Solar Mini Grid Service in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- System Design and Planning -- Consumer Profile in Enam Nahar Market -- Business Plan -- Tariff for Electricity -- Hardware and System Configuration -- Results and Discussion -- Revenue from Solar Mini Grid Service -- Challenges Faced by Mini Grid Service -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Prospects for Electricity Access in Rural India Using Solar Photovoltaic Based Mini-Grid Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- System Design, Maintenance and Management. , Costs and Tariff -- Livelihoods and Long-Term Sustainability -- Results -- Discussion -- A Roadmap to 100 % Electricity Access for India@75 -- References -- 6 The Case for Solar-Diesel Hybrid Minigrids in Bangladesh: Design Considerations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Local Functional Project Structure -- Key Design Considerations -- Site Survey and Survey Items -- Demand Assessment -- System Design -- Financial Modelling for Minigrids -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- 7 A Simulation Gaming Approach to Micro-grid Design and Planning: Participatory Design and Capacity Building -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- The Simulation Game as a Tool and Artifact -- The Simulation Gaming Process for Participatory Design -- The Simulation Gaming Process for Capacity Building -- Results: Simulation Game Screenshots -- Discussion: Case Study Observations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 The Energy Centre Model: An Approach to Village Scale Energy Supply -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Reference -- 9 Lessons from the Edge -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Understanding the Challenge -- A Resilience Perspective -- Energy Resilience -- Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Part II Innovations in Value Chainsand Financing Schemes -- 10 Value Chain Thinking and Energy Projects---A Problem-Centered Value Chain Approach to Energy Based Upgrading of Rice Farmers in the Philippines -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- The Systemic Value Chain Approach -- Value Chain Theory and PU of Energy -- Proposal of a Problem-Centred Value Chain Approach -- Case Study: Energy Based Upgrading of Rice Farmers in the Philippines -- Method -- Analysis -- Discussion and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 11 Advanced Solar-Irrigation Scheduling for Sustainable Rural Development: A Case of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Soil Moisture Sensing -- Soil Parameters -- The Irrigation Scheduling Algorithm -- Weather Parameters -- Renewable Energy -- The Role of Information Technology -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Towards a Waste Management System for Solar Home Systems in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Estimation of Disposal of Lead-Acid Batteries -- Estimation of Lead Flows on a Country Level -- Results -- Estimation of Lead Flows -- Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 How to Scale up Green Microfinance? A Comparative Study of Energy Lending in Peru -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Background -- Engaging in Green Microfinance -- Greening the MFI -- Model and Set-up -- Challenges -- Green Loan Disbursement -- Institutional Commitment -- Supply Chain Design -- Client Response -- Empowering Green MFIs -- References -- 14 Microfinancing Decentralized Solar Energy Systems in India: Innovative Products Through Group Approach -- Abstract -- Introduction and Background -- Literature Review -- Methodology -- Discussion and Results -- Conclusions -- Further Research Demands -- Notes -- References -- 15 Innovative Energy Access for Remote Areas: ``The LUAV-Light up a Village'' Project -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Additional Research -- Specific Details of the Program -- Results -- Findings -- Scaling up -- References -- 16 Exploring the Barriers to Impact Investing in the Sustainable Energy Area in West Africa -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- 17 The Synergies Between Mobile Phone Access and Off Grid Energy Solutions -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Research Questions -- Methodology -- The Ubiquity of Mobile in Emerging Markets -- A Majority of the Off Grid Population is Covered by Mobile Networks -- Five Mobile Channels to Enhance Access to Energy -- Emerging Mobile-Based Energy Business Model---The Pay as You Go Example -- Challenges of Such Mobile Enabled Solutions -- Discussion -- References -- 18 Optimizing Device Operation with a Local Electricity Price -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Data Sources -- Prior Work -- Individual Device Operation -- Optimizing Demand Patterns -- Single Device Results -- Multiple Device Results -- Discussion -- Additional Issues -- Further Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III Implementation and Decision-Making -- 19 Financing Energy Efficiency and Climate Adaptation Measures on Household Level in Kyrgyzstan---Market Based Approaches in a Post-soviet Country? -- Abstract -- Problem Statement -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- 20 Demand Assessment of Solar Electrification in Off-Grid Rural Communities of Pakistan Through Microfinancing of Solar Home Systems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Energy Needs -- Lighting -- Appliances -- Ability to Pay -- Average Monthly Household Income -- Sources of Income -- Average Monthly Savings -- Current Energy Expenditures -- Decision Making Power in the Household -- Willingness to Pay -- Relationship to the National Grid -- Perceptions of SHS -- Willingness to Microfinance a SHS -- Discussion -- SHS Technical Design -- SHS Loan Design -- Conclusions -- References -- 21 Scale Versus Substance? Lessons from a Context-Responsive Approach to Market-Based Stove Development in Western Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- The USEPA Smoke Alleviation Project -- A Different Kind of Marketplace. , Context-Responsive Stove Market Development in West Kochieng -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 22 How Big is Small? Enough to not Breathe Oil! -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Conclusions -- Discussion -- References -- 23 Analysis of Decision-Making for Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Colombia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion and Conclusions Applicable Beyond Colombia -- References -- 24 Barriers and Solutions to the Development of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Caribbean -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 The Role of Gender Concerns in the Planning of Small-Scale Energy Projects in Developing Countries -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Research Objectives -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References.