Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Blockchain Technology: A Fundamental Overview -- 1 Blockchain Fundamental -- 1.1 Background and Evolution -- 1.2 Blockchain Definition -- 2 Blockchain Components -- 3 Blockchain Features -- 4 Blockchain Architecture -- 5 How Does Blockchain Work? -- 6 Blockchain Categorization -- 7 Blockchain Regulations and Organization Incorporation -- 8 Blockchain Usage -- 9 The Future of Blockchain Technology: Artificial Intelligent and Digital Privacy -- References -- Fundamentals of Blockchain and New Generations of Distributed Ledger Technologies. Circular Economy Case Uses in Spain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History and Evolution of Blockchain Technology -- 3 A Definition of Blockchain -- 4 Key Concepts -- 5 The "Actors" in a DLT -- 6 The Constituent Elements of a Blockchain -- 7 Governance Conditions for Future Applications -- 8 New Generations of Blockchain -- 8.1 Hashgraph -- 8.2 Dag -- 8.3 Holochain -- 8.4 Chia Network -- 8.5 DFinity -- 8.6 Neural Distributed Ledger (NDL) -- 9 The Concept of Token: "Tokenization" -- 10 Uses and Applications. The Spanish Case -- 10.1 Climate Trade -- 10.2 Telos-Based CTIC Logistics Traceability Application -- 10.3 Food Track, Food Supply Chain Traceability -- 10.4 CircularChain, a Blockchain Platform for Packaging Recycling -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- Security Magnification in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Overview of Blockchain -- 3.1 Types of Blockchain -- 3.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 3.3 Key Components of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation Behind Applying Blockchain Technology in SCM -- 4.2 Advantages of Leveraging Blockchain -- 4.3 Leveraging SCM in Industries with Blockchain Technology -- 4.4 Use Cases of Blockchain in SCM -- 5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions. , References -- "Implementation of Blockchain Technologies in Smart Cities, Opportunities and Challenges" -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Enabling Technology Types -- 3 Accompanying Features of the Blockchain Technology -- 4 Smart City-The Origins -- 5 Smart Cities-The Concept -- 6 The Smart City-The Model -- 7 Primary Objectives of the Smart Cities -- 8 Smart City as a Summation of Paradigms -- 9 Composing Elements of the Smart Cities -- 10 Application of the Blockchain Technology in the Smart Cities -- 11 Application of Blockchain Technology in the Development of the Smart Cities -- 12 Digital Identity -- 13 SSI Digital Identity -- 14 Blockchain Architecture for Smart Cities -- 15 Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology -- 16 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain Technology Enables Healthcare Data Management and Accessibility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Overview -- 3 Key Blockchain Technology Features -- 3.1 Decentralization -- 3.2 Trust and Transparency -- 3.3 Traceability and Auditability -- 3.4 Persistency and Immutability -- 3.5 Privacy and Anonymity -- 4 Benefits of Blockchain in Healthcare -- 4.1 Decentralized Medical Data Management -- 4.2 Data Protection -- 4.3 Ownership of Medical Data -- 4.4 Control Pharmaceutical Supply Chain -- 4.5 Availability and Accessibility of Medical Data -- 5 Blockchain Application in Healthcare Sector -- 5.1 Mobile Health (mHealth) -- 5.2 Healthcare Data Management -- 5.3 Pharmaceutical Tracing and Supply Chain -- 5.4 Health Insurance Claims -- 5.5 Health Education and Clinical Trials Research -- 6 Case Study (e-Health Estonia) -- 7 Processes Improved Through Blockchain -- 7.1 Patient Record Management -- 7.2 Maintaining Consistent Permissions -- 7.3 Protecting Telehealth Systems -- 7.4 Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine -- 7.5 Optimizing Health Insurance Coverage. , 7.6 Medical Billing Systems -- 7.7 Enhancing Privacy of Patients' Data -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain as a Service: A Holistic Approach to Traceability in the Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Paradigms: The Circular Economy and Blockchain Technology -- 2.1 Introduction to the Circular Economy -- 3 A Blockchain Integration Model for the Circular Economy. A BaaS Approach -- 3.1 Blockchain and the Circular Economy -- 3.2 The BaaS Approach -- 3.3 A Specific, Neural Distributed Network-Based Solution -- 4 Implications and Challenges -- References -- The Smart City, Smart Contract, Smart Health Care, Internet of Things (IoT), Opportunities, and Challenges -- 1 The Smart Contract -- 2 The Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology in Smart Health Care -- 3 Opportunities in Utilizing Smart Contracts in Smart Health Care -- 4 Smart Contract Applications -- 5 Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Smart Cities -- 6 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities and Challenges -- 7 Security Issues with Internet of Things (IoT) Devices in Context of Smart Cities -- 8 Challenges in Connecting Citizens and Smart Cities -- 9 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Applications of Blockchain Technology for a Circular Economy with Focus on Singapore -- 1 Blockchain -- 1.1 Blockchain Overview -- 1.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 2 Circular Economy (CE) -- 2.1 The Concept of Circular Economy -- 2.2 Circular Economy Challenges -- 2.3 Ecosystem Economy and the Cities' Role in Driving CE -- 2.4 Circular City -- 2.5 Sustainable Development -- 3 Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology for a CE -- 3.1 Focus on Singapore -- 4 Challenges of Applying the Blockchain Technology to the CE -- 5 Suggestions for Way Forward -- 6 Conclusion. , References -- Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Logistics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Basics of Blockchain -- 3.1 History of Blockchain -- 3.2 Architecture of Blockchain -- 3.3 Types of Blockchain -- 3.4 Working of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation for Applying Blockchain in SCM -- 4.2 How Blockchain Can Be Implemented? -- 4.3 Opportunities for Integration of Blockchain and SCM -- 5 Conclusion -- References.