Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Environmental Sustainability Requirements in the Ready-Made Garment Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability in Bangladesh RMG Industry -- 3 Stringency of Environmental Requirements -- 4 Factors of Stringency -- 4.1 Uncertain Changes in Requirements -- 4.2 Variety in Requirements -- 4.3 Complexity in Implementation -- 4.4 Newness in Environmental Requirements -- 4.5 Timeline -- 4.6 Buyer Specific Framework -- 4.7 Risk of Penalty -- 5 Adopting Stringency -- 5.1 Developing Dynamic Environmental Capability -- 5.2 Building Collaborative Relationships with Buyers -- 6 A Case Study in Bangladesh RMG Industry -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Immobilization as Sustainable Solutions to Textiles Chemical Processing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Need of Sustainability in Textile Chemical Processing -- 3 Sustainability in Textile Chemical Processing -- 4 Perspectives on Enzymes in Textile Wet Processing -- 5 Enzymes are Sustainable Solution in Textile Chemical Processing -- 6 Need for Enzyme Immobilization -- 7 Fundamentals of Enzyme Immobilization -- 7.1 Support Materials -- 7.2 Techniques of Immobilization -- 7.3 Performance of Immobilized Enzymes -- 8 Immobilization of Enzymes as Sustainable Solutions for Textile Processing -- 9 Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Bio-processing of Textiles -- 9.1 Bio-desizing Using Immobilized Amylases -- 9.2 Bio-scouring Using Immobilized Pectinases -- 9.3 Bio-bleaching Using Immobilized Glucose Oxidase -- 9.4 Bio-polishing Using Immobilized Cellulase -- 9.5 Denim Bio-wash Using Immobilized Cellulase -- 9.6 Shrink-Proofing of Wool Using Immobilized Enzymes -- 9.7 Bleach Clean-up Using Immobilized Catalases -- 9.8 Polymerization Using Immobilized Enzymes -- 9.9 Detergents Containing Immobilized Enzymes -- 9.10 Dye Synthesis Using Immobilized Enzymes. , 10 Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Immobilized Enzymes -- 11 Immobilization of Enzymes for Textile Functionalization -- 12 Enzyme Immobilized Textiles -- 12.1 Enzyme Immobilized Textiles in Wastewater Treatment -- 13 Challenges in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes in the Textile Industry -- 14 Conclusion -- References -- Dabu, The Sustainable Resist Printed Fabric of Rajasthan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Methods and Styles of Printing -- 4 Dabu Hand Block Printing -- 4.1 Procedure -- 4.2 Dabu Prints -- 5 Status of Dabu Print -- 6 Cluster and Community -- 7 Types of Dabu -- 8 Results and Considerations -- 8.1 Equipments and Tools -- 8.2 Ingredients -- 8.3 Fabric -- 9 Printing Method -- 9.1 Application of Dabu on Fabric -- 10 Material -- 11 Motifs -- 12 Product Range -- 13 Maintenance -- 14 Conclusion -- References -- Nanoencapsulation Methods for Herbal-Based Antimicrobial Agents-A Sustainable Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Antimicrobial Agents For Textiles -- 3 Medicinal Plants as Antimicrobial Agents -- 3.1 Neem (Azadirachta Indica) -- 3.2 Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) -- 3.3 Aloe Vera -- 3.4 Pomegranate Peel (Punica Granatum L) -- 3.5 Vitex Negundo (Nochi) -- 3.6 Clitoria Ternatea Linn -- 3.7 Coleus Amboinicus -- 3.8 Gloriosa Superba -- 3.9 Cyperus Rotundus -- 3.10 Pithecellobium Dulce -- 3.11 Acalypha Indica -- 3.12 Other Medicinal Plants -- 4 Application Methods -- 4.1 Direct Methods -- 4.2 Microencapsulation Method -- 4.3 Emulsification-Solvent Removal Processes -- 4.4 Organic Phase Separation (Coacervation) -- 4.5 Spray Drying -- 4.6 Solvent Free Techniques -- 4.7 Supercritical Fluids (SF) -- 4.8 Dry Processes-Milling and Grinding -- 4.9 Nanoencapsulation -- 4.10 Polymerisation Methods -- 4.11 Emulsion Polymerisation Method -- 4.12 Interfacial Polymerization -- 4.13 Interfacial Polycondensation. , 4.14 Nanoparticles from Preformed Polymers -- 4.15 Emulsification/Solvent Evaporation -- 4.16 Solvent Displacement and Interfacial Deposition -- 4.17 Emulsification/Solvent Diffusion -- 4.18 Salting-Out with Synthetic Polymers -- 4.19 Methods for Production of Nanoparticles -- 4.20 Electrochemical Deposition -- 4.21 Sol-Gel Method -- 4.22 Gas-Phase Condensation Methods -- 4.23 Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition -- 4.24 Sputtering -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- An Overview of Preparation, Processes for Sustainable Denim Manufacturing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Phases of a Denim Life Cycle -- 2.1 Raw Material Phase -- 2.2 Manufacturing Phase -- 2.3 Consumer Use Phase -- 2.4 Repurposing of Denims -- 2.5 Post-consumer Waste -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Implications of Sustainability on Textile Fibres and Wet Processing, Barriers in Implementation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Approach to Selection of Sustainable Fibres -- 2.1 Organic Cotton-Is It a Sustainable Option? -- 3 Sustainability in Textile Wet Processing -- 3.1 Introduction to Sustainable Practices in the Colouring Industry -- 3.2 Using Natural Dyes-Is It a Sustainable Option? -- 3.3 Growth of Indian Dyestuff Industry -- 3.4 Implications of Sustainability on Dyeing and Printing Industry -- 4 Textile Finishing-Processes and Implications -- 4.1 Zero Water Finishes on Textiles -- 4.2 Finishes with Reduced Water Consumption -- 5 Technological Innovations -- 6 Reasons Which Inhibit Indian Textile Industries from Embracing Sustainable Processing -- 6.1 Reasons-Why Sustainability is not Main Stream in India? -- 6.2 Suggestions to Make Sustainability Mainstream in Indian Textile Industries -- 7 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Study on Product Safety of Children's Apparel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Litreature Review -- 2.1 Requirements for Children's Clothing -- 2.2 Analysis of Children's Clothing. , 2.3 Garment Safety for Children's Clothing -- 2.4 Safety Measures -- 2.5 Fabric and Comfort -- 2.6 Sustainable Dyeing -- 2.7 Sustainable Printing -- 2.8 Natural Dye Printing on Textiles: A Global Sustainable Approach -- 2.9 Supply Chain Strategies and the Effects of the COVID-19 Epidemic -- 3 Materials and Method -- 3.1 Material -- 3.2 Organic Interlock -- 3.3 Double Knit -- 3.4 Specifications for Button -- 3.5 Printing Material -- 3.6 Garment Design -- 3.7 Mock Wood Button -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Fibre Analysis -- 4.2 Review of Labelling/Fibre Composition Marking -- 4.3 Colour Fastness to Laundering -- 4.4 Saliva Colour Fastness -- 4.5 PH Value -- 4.6 Free Formaldehyde -- 4.7 Appearance After 3rd Wash -- 4.8 Rubbing Fastness -- 4.9 Safety of Kid's Clothing-Cords and Draw String on Kids Garment -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Extraction and Optimization of Natural Dye from Madhuca Latifolia Plant Bark Used for Coloration of Eri Silk Yarn -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selection of Materials -- 2.1 Selection of Yarn -- 2.2 Selection of Madhuca Latifolia Dye Source -- 2.3 Selection of Mordents -- 2.4 Selection of Chemicals for Testing -- 2.5 Optimization of Dye Extraction Methods -- 2.6 Optical Density -- 2.7 Selection of Suitable Wavelength -- 2.8 Optimization of Madhuca Latifolia Dye Extraction Time -- 2.9 Optimization of Mordanting Procedures -- 2.10 Optimization of Dyeing Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Extraction of Dye from Madhuca Latifolia Bark -- 3.2 Optimization of the Method of Extraction for Madhuca Latifolia -- 3.3 Optimization of Mordant Concentrations for Madhuca Latifolia -- 3.4 Optimization of Dye Extraction Time for Madhuca Latifolia -- 3.5 Optimization of Mordant Concentrations for Madhuca Latifolia -- 3.6 Shade Variation in Madhuca Latifolia Dyed Eri Silk After Mordanting -- 3.7 Optimization of Dyeing Time for Madhuca Latifolia. , 4 Conclusion -- 5 Implications of the Study -- 6 Suggestions for Further Study -- References -- Development of Mosquito Repellent Finish for Textiles Using Neem Oil: An Eco-Friendly Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Phase I : Preparation of Mosquito Repellent (MR) Formulation and Assessment of Its Shelf Life -- 2.2 Phase II : Application and Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Formulation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Preparation of Formulations and Evaluation of Their Shelf Life -- 3.2 Evaluation of the Finished Fabric Samples -- 3.3 Effect of Laundering on Mosquito Repellency of Treated Fabric -- 3.4 Cone Bioassays Test -- 3.5 Effect of Formulation on the Colour of the Treated Fabrics -- 4 Conclusion -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 The Remanufacturing Industry and Fashion -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Remanufacturing Industry -- 1.3 The Concept of "Remanufacture" -- 1.4 A Definition of Remanufactured Fashion -- 1.5 Upcycle or Remanufacture -- 1.6 Labelling of Remanufactured Clothing -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Closed Loop Systems and Reverse Logistics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Closed Loop Systems, Reverse Logistics-Definitions and Differences -- 2.2.1 Closed Loop Versus Reverse Logistics -- 2.3 The Process of Reverse Logistics -- 2.4 Requirements and Challenges of Closed Loop Systems of Fashion Products -- References -- 3 The Remanufactured Fashion Design Approach and Business Model -- 3.1 The Business Model Concept -- 3.2 Significance of the Business Model Concept -- 3.3 Business Models and Sustainability -- 3.4 Business Models Within a Globalized Fashion Industry -- 3.5 Sustainable Fashion Business Models -- 3.5.1 Incentive Green Business Model -- 3.5.2 Life-cycle Green Business Models -- 3.6 An Examination of the Remanufactured Fashion Business Model -- 3.7 The Remanufactured Fashion Business Model -- 3.7.1 Value Creation -- 3.7.2 Value Architecture -- 3.7.3 Revenue Model -- 3.8 Implications for the Design and Manufacture of Remanufactured Fashion -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Examples and Case Studies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Overview of the Fashion Remanufacturing Process -- 4.2.1 Company A -- 4.2.2 Company B -- 4.2.3 Company C -- 4.2.4 Company D -- 4.2.5 Company E -- 4.3 Implications for Mass Manufacturing -- 4.3.1 Process Input -- 4.3.2 Cutting Operation -- 4.3.3 Garment Assembly -- 4.3.4 Quality Standards -- 4.3.5 Distribution and Retailing -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Systems Requirements for Remanufactured Fashion as an Industry. , 5.1 Introduction: A Comparison Between Conventional and Remanufactured Fashion Design Processes -- 5.2 Remanufactured Fashion as a Reverse Supply System -- 5.3 The Current Fashion System -- 5.4 A Conceptual System for Remanufactured Fashion -- 5.5 Marketing and Strategic Considerations for the Remanufacturing Company -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Issues Raised for Sustainability Through Remanufactured Fashion -- 6.1 Retailing of Remanufactured Fashion -- 6.2 Eco-Labels -- 6.3 Remanufactured Certificates -- 6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Blockchain Technology: A Fundamental Overview -- 1 Blockchain Fundamental -- 1.1 Background and Evolution -- 1.2 Blockchain Definition -- 2 Blockchain Components -- 3 Blockchain Features -- 4 Blockchain Architecture -- 5 How Does Blockchain Work? -- 6 Blockchain Categorization -- 7 Blockchain Regulations and Organization Incorporation -- 8 Blockchain Usage -- 9 The Future of Blockchain Technology: Artificial Intelligent and Digital Privacy -- References -- Fundamentals of Blockchain and New Generations of Distributed Ledger Technologies. Circular Economy Case Uses in Spain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History and Evolution of Blockchain Technology -- 3 A Definition of Blockchain -- 4 Key Concepts -- 5 The "Actors" in a DLT -- 6 The Constituent Elements of a Blockchain -- 7 Governance Conditions for Future Applications -- 8 New Generations of Blockchain -- 8.1 Hashgraph -- 8.2 Dag -- 8.3 Holochain -- 8.4 Chia Network -- 8.5 DFinity -- 8.6 Neural Distributed Ledger (NDL) -- 9 The Concept of Token: "Tokenization" -- 10 Uses and Applications. The Spanish Case -- 10.1 Climate Trade -- 10.2 Telos-Based CTIC Logistics Traceability Application -- 10.3 Food Track, Food Supply Chain Traceability -- 10.4 CircularChain, a Blockchain Platform for Packaging Recycling -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- Security Magnification in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Overview of Blockchain -- 3.1 Types of Blockchain -- 3.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 3.3 Key Components of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation Behind Applying Blockchain Technology in SCM -- 4.2 Advantages of Leveraging Blockchain -- 4.3 Leveraging SCM in Industries with Blockchain Technology -- 4.4 Use Cases of Blockchain in SCM -- 5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions. , References -- "Implementation of Blockchain Technologies in Smart Cities, Opportunities and Challenges" -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Enabling Technology Types -- 3 Accompanying Features of the Blockchain Technology -- 4 Smart City-The Origins -- 5 Smart Cities-The Concept -- 6 The Smart City-The Model -- 7 Primary Objectives of the Smart Cities -- 8 Smart City as a Summation of Paradigms -- 9 Composing Elements of the Smart Cities -- 10 Application of the Blockchain Technology in the Smart Cities -- 11 Application of Blockchain Technology in the Development of the Smart Cities -- 12 Digital Identity -- 13 SSI Digital Identity -- 14 Blockchain Architecture for Smart Cities -- 15 Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology -- 16 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain Technology Enables Healthcare Data Management and Accessibility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Overview -- 3 Key Blockchain Technology Features -- 3.1 Decentralization -- 3.2 Trust and Transparency -- 3.3 Traceability and Auditability -- 3.4 Persistency and Immutability -- 3.5 Privacy and Anonymity -- 4 Benefits of Blockchain in Healthcare -- 4.1 Decentralized Medical Data Management -- 4.2 Data Protection -- 4.3 Ownership of Medical Data -- 4.4 Control Pharmaceutical Supply Chain -- 4.5 Availability and Accessibility of Medical Data -- 5 Blockchain Application in Healthcare Sector -- 5.1 Mobile Health (mHealth) -- 5.2 Healthcare Data Management -- 5.3 Pharmaceutical Tracing and Supply Chain -- 5.4 Health Insurance Claims -- 5.5 Health Education and Clinical Trials Research -- 6 Case Study (e-Health Estonia) -- 7 Processes Improved Through Blockchain -- 7.1 Patient Record Management -- 7.2 Maintaining Consistent Permissions -- 7.3 Protecting Telehealth Systems -- 7.4 Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine -- 7.5 Optimizing Health Insurance Coverage. , 7.6 Medical Billing Systems -- 7.7 Enhancing Privacy of Patients' Data -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain as a Service: A Holistic Approach to Traceability in the Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Paradigms: The Circular Economy and Blockchain Technology -- 2.1 Introduction to the Circular Economy -- 3 A Blockchain Integration Model for the Circular Economy. A BaaS Approach -- 3.1 Blockchain and the Circular Economy -- 3.2 The BaaS Approach -- 3.3 A Specific, Neural Distributed Network-Based Solution -- 4 Implications and Challenges -- References -- The Smart City, Smart Contract, Smart Health Care, Internet of Things (IoT), Opportunities, and Challenges -- 1 The Smart Contract -- 2 The Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology in Smart Health Care -- 3 Opportunities in Utilizing Smart Contracts in Smart Health Care -- 4 Smart Contract Applications -- 5 Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Smart Cities -- 6 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities and Challenges -- 7 Security Issues with Internet of Things (IoT) Devices in Context of Smart Cities -- 8 Challenges in Connecting Citizens and Smart Cities -- 9 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Applications of Blockchain Technology for a Circular Economy with Focus on Singapore -- 1 Blockchain -- 1.1 Blockchain Overview -- 1.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 2 Circular Economy (CE) -- 2.1 The Concept of Circular Economy -- 2.2 Circular Economy Challenges -- 2.3 Ecosystem Economy and the Cities' Role in Driving CE -- 2.4 Circular City -- 2.5 Sustainable Development -- 3 Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology for a CE -- 3.1 Focus on Singapore -- 4 Challenges of Applying the Blockchain Technology to the CE -- 5 Suggestions for Way Forward -- 6 Conclusion. , References -- Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Logistics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Basics of Blockchain -- 3.1 History of Blockchain -- 3.2 Architecture of Blockchain -- 3.3 Types of Blockchain -- 3.4 Working of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation for Applying Blockchain in SCM -- 4.2 How Blockchain Can Be Implemented? -- 4.3 Opportunities for Integration of Blockchain and SCM -- 5 Conclusion -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Energy Efficiency of Metallic Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Processes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Challenges of the Powder Bed AM Processes -- 1.2 Structure of the Chapter -- 2 Sustainability and Energy Efficiency of Manufacturing Processes -- 2.1 Sustainability and Additive Manufacturing -- 2.2 Circular Economy and Additive Manufacturing -- 2.3 Sustainability Indicators for AM -- 2.4 Energy Efficiency -- 3 Modelling of Metallic Powder Bed AM Processes -- 3.1 Modelling of the Heat Transfer Problem During AM -- 3.2 Modelling of the Structural Problem During AM -- 3.3 Numerical Analysis -- 3.4 Other Considerations for the Numerical Modelling of the Process -- 4 Improving Energy Efficiency of Powder Bed AM Processes Using Modelling -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Process -- 4.3 Preheating Modelling -- 5 Conclusion and Outcome -- References -- 2 Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Additive Manufacturing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Electric Energy Consumption of AM Processes -- 2.2.1 First Study: Luo et al. -- 2.2.2 Influence of the Manufacturing Orientation -- 2.2.3 Influence of Packing Density of AM Platforms -- 2.2.4 Comparison Between AM Processes and More Traditional Ones -- 2.2.5 Considering Energy Consumption and Quality of the Part -- 2.2.6 Synthesis of Electric Energy Consumption Studies -- 2.3 Raw Material Consumption -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Powder Recycling -- 2.4 Other Flows that Affect the Environment -- 2.5 Possibilities Offered by AM Processes on the Whole Life Cycle of a Product -- 2.6 Synthesis of the Literature Review -- 3 Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 General Approach -- 3.3 Manufacturing Process Modeling -- 3.3.1 Framework and Limits. , 3.3.2 Input Data -- 3.3.3 A Multistep Methodology -- 4 Application to Directed Energy Deposition -- 4.1 Introduction to Directed Energy Deposition Process -- 4.2 Atomisation of Raw Material -- 4.2.1 Gas Consumption -- 4.2.2 Water Consumption -- 4.2.3 Electrical Consumption -- 4.3 Environmental Performance Modeling for the AM Process -- 4.3.1 Fluid Consumption -- 4.3.2 Material Consumption -- 4.3.3 Electric Consumption -- 4.3.4 Lost Powder Recycling -- 4.4 Industrial Example -- 4.4.1 Case Study Introduction -- 4.4.2 CAD Part -- 4.4.3 Different Manufacturing Strategies -- 4.4.4 Environmental Impact Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Sustainability Based on Biomimetic Design Models -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cellular Structures -- 3 Topology Optimisation -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Sustainable Frugal Design Using 3D Printing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Categorisation of Frugal Design -- 3 3D Printing -- 4 Frugal Design and Engineering -- 5 Frugal 3D Printing -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Carbon Footprint Assessment of Additive Manufacturing: Flat and Curved Layer-by-Layer Approaches -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 FDM Process -- 3 Experimental Design -- 3.1 Experimentation and Calculation -- 4 Carbon Footprint Assessment -- 4.1 Goal of the Study -- 5 Scope -- 5.1 Product System and Its Function(s) -- 5.2 Functional Unit -- 5.3 Data for the Study -- 5.3.1 Characterization of Data Quality -- 5.4 Cut-Off Criteria and Cut-Off -- 5.5 Allocation Procedures -- 5.6 Geographical and Time Boundary of Data -- 5.7 System Boundary -- 5.8 Assumptions -- 5.9 Treatment of Electricity -- 6 Methodology -- 7 Life-Cycle Inventory -- 8 Product Carbon Footprint Calculation and Interpretation -- 9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- Synthetic Textile and Microplastic Pollution: An Analysis on Environmental and Health Impact -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ubiquity of Microplastics -- 2.1 Microplastics in Aquatic Environment -- 2.2 Microplastics in Terrestrial Environment -- 2.3 Microplastics in Atmosphere -- 3 Impact of Microplastic Pollution -- 3.1 Microplastics in the Food Chain -- 3.2 Microplastics and Human Health -- 4 Microfibers-Major Source of Microplastics -- 5 Research Status of Microfiber Pollution -- 6 Summary and Research Gap -- References -- Enabling Circular Fashion Through Product Life Extension -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Circular Economy -- 3 Circular Fashion -- 4 Product Life Extension -- 4.1 Design for Longevity -- 4.2 Product Service Systems (PSSs) and Collaborative Consumption -- 4.3 Refashioning Models -- 5 Challenges for Adopting Product Life Extension Models -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Challenges and Opportunities for Circular Fashion in India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Need of Circular Fashion -- 1.2 Concept of Circular Fashion -- 2 Challenges and Opportunities Faced by Indian Circular Fashion Sector -- 2.1 Designing -- 2.2 Raw Material -- 2.3 Manufacturing Process -- 2.4 Garment Construction -- 2.5 Packaging and Transportation -- 2.6 Retailing -- 2.7 Consumption and Use -- 2.8 Post-consumer Use -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- A Study on the Comparison of Fabric Properties of Recycled and Virgin Polyester Denim -- 1 Literature Review -- 1.1 Denim -- 1.2 History of Denim -- 1.3 Applications of Denim -- 1.4 Different Washes and Types of Denim -- 1.5 Sustainability in Apparel Industry -- 1.6 Sewing Parameters -- 2 Objectives -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Selection of Sample -- 3.2 Development of Sample and Its Properties -- 3.3 Testing of Sample -- 3.4 Methods -- 3.5 Seam Elongation -- 3.6 Seam Efficiency. , 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Influence of Needle Size, SPI and Seam Types on Seam Strength of the Denim Fabrics -- 4.2 Effect of SPI, Seam Type and Needle Size on Seam Efficiency of Recycled Polyester and Polyester Denim Fabrics -- 4.3 Effect of SPI, Seam Type and Needle Size on Seam Elongation of Recycled Polyester and Polyester Denim Fabrics -- 4.4 Shrinkage -- 4.5 Colorfastness -- 4.6 Analysis of Comfort in the Produced Garments -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A Look Back at Zero-Waste Fashion Across the Centuries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fast Fashion -- 3 Slow Fashion -- 4 Sustainable Fashion -- 5 Sustainable Fashion in History -- 5.1 Before Common Era -- 5.2 Common Era -- 6 Impact on Sustainable Fashion -- 7 Impact of Slow Fashion -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Advancements in Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Wastes: A Sustainable Solution to Achieve a Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Current Scenario of Textile Wastes -- 2 PES Textile Waste -- 2.1 Pre-consumer Textile Waste -- 2.2 Post-consumer Textile Waste -- 2.3 Industrial Textile Waste -- 2.4 Downcycling -- 2.5 Upcycling -- 2.6 Recycling and Its Challenges -- 3 Circular Economy: Sustainable Solution for PES Textile Wastes -- 3.1 Open-loop Recycling System -- 3.2 Closed-loop Recycling System -- 3.3 Reduce -- 3.4 Repair/Reuse -- 3.5 Recycle -- 4 Physical or Mechanical Recycling of PES Textile Waste -- 4.1 Textile-to-Fiber -- 4.2 Bottle-to-Fiber -- 5 Recycling and Reuse of PES Textile Waste -- 5.1 Primary Recycling -- 5.2 Secondary Recycling -- 5.3 Tertiary Recycling -- 6 Biological Recycling of PES -- 6.1 Cutinases -- 6.2 Lipases -- 6.3 Esterase -- 6.4 PETase -- 6.5 PHA Depolymerases and Other Polyesterases -- 7 Challenges Ahead -- 8 Future Perspectives and Conclusions -- References. , Converting Textile Waste into Designer Wall and Floor Tiles: A New Approach to Recycle Textile Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Reinforcement Material and Other Chemicals -- 2.2 Matrix Materials -- 2.3 The Experimental Calculation for Fiber and Matrix Weight Fractions -- 2.4 Preparation of Composite Tile Material -- 2.5 Testing of Tiles -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Optimization of Epoxy Resin and Hardener Ratio -- 3.2 Development of Tiles -- 3.3 Mechanical Properties of Tiles Made Out of Denim Fabric Waste, Cornhusk, and Rice Straw Waste with Resin -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Development Goal: Sustainable Management and Use of Natural Resources in Textile and Apparel Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Resources-Use and Management -- 2.1 Use of Natural Resources -- 2.2 Natural Resource Management -- 3 Sustainable Agricultural Practices for Reduced Land Eco-Toxicity -- 3.1 Regenerative Farming -- 3.2 Biotechnology in Agriculture -- 3.3 Organic Farming -- 4 Water and Energy Management -- 4.1 Water as a Natural Resource -- 4.2 Water Management -- 4.3 Natural Resource: Energy -- 4.4 Energy Management -- 5 Certification of Sustainable Textile Fibers -- 5.1 Textile Exchange -- 5.2 The Organic Trade Association (OTA) -- 5.3 International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) -- 5.4 Global Organic Textile Standard -- 5.5 Organic Farming Certification -- 5.6 The Sustainability Framework of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) -- 5.7 Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture -- 5.8 Responsibility-Inducing Sustainability Evaluation (RISE) -- 6 Green Productivity and Sustainability Reporting -- 6.1 Cleaner Production -- 6.2 Sustainability Reporting -- 6.3 Roadmap for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Carbon Footprints of Recycled Plastic Packaging and Household Food Consumption by Gender in Spain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Data Homogeneity -- 3.3 Carbon Footprints -- 4 Main Results -- 4.1 Carbon Footprint and Emissions Pattern -- 4.2 Consumption Patterns: Food, Restaurants and Age Group -- 4.3 Emissions from Food Packaging -- 4.4 Household Packaging Waste and Recycling -- 5 Conclusions and Discussion -- References -- The Potential of Refuse-Derived Fuel Production in Reducing the Environmental Footprint of the Cement Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Brief Overview of Cement Industry Environmental Challenge -- 3 Co-benefits and Risks of Co-processing in Cement Industry -- 4 The Refuse-Derived Fuel Use in Cement Plants -- 5 The Refuse-Derived Fuel Potential: A Case Study in Brazil -- 6 Environmental Footprint Discussion -- 7 Final Remarks -- References -- Ecological Footprint of Multi-silicon Photovoltaic Module Recycling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Photovoltaic Technology -- 2.1 Types of PV Modules -- 3 Global Market and Waste Generation -- 4 Methods of Recycling PV Modules -- 5 Ecological Footprint (EF) -- 6 Methodology -- 6.1 Ecological Footprint of Solar PV Panel Recycling (EFR) -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Ecological Footprint of Dismantling (EFdismantling) -- 7.2 Ecological Footprint of Remelting of Glass (EFremelting) -- 7.3 Ecological Footprint of Thermal Treatment (EFthermal) -- 7.4 Ecological Footprint of Chemical Treatment (EFchemical) -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- An Environmental Construction and Demolition Waste Management Model to Trigger Post-pandemic Economic Recovery Towards a Circular Economy: The Mexican and Spanish Cases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Objective and Methodology -- 3 Materials and Methods. , 3.1 First Stage: Characterization and Selection of Social Housing Sample -- 3.2 CDW Quantification -- 3.3 CDW Environmental Indicators -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- Ecological Footprint Assessment of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Construction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Ecological Footprint of Asphalt Pavement (EFP) -- 2.2 Sustainable Recycling Index (SRI) -- 2.3 Economic Assessment -- 3 Case Samples -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Ecological Assessment -- 4.2 Economic Assessment -- 4.3 Sustainable Recycling Index (SRI) -- 5 Conclusions -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Importance of Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers in Sustainable Fashion and Textile Industry and Its Potential End-Uses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of the Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) -- 3 Structure of the Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Plant -- 4 Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers -- 5 Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fiber Properties -- 5.1 Mechanical Properties of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.2 Thermal Behaviors of Milkweed Fiber -- 5.3 Chemical Resistance of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.4 Dyeability of Milkweed Fibers -- 5.5 Spinnability of Milkweed Fibers -- 6 Importance of Asclepias Syriaca (Milkweed) Fibers for the Sustainable Textile and Fashion Industry Application/Research Areas -- 6.1 Daily Used Textile Products -- 6.2 Technical Textiles -- 6.3 Composites -- 6.4 Promising End-Uses -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Textile Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extracellular Polymeric Substances -- 3 Main Functions and Applications -- 4 Applications in Textile -- 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Sustainable Agrotextile: Jute Needle-Punched Nonwoven Preparation, Properties and Use in Indian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nonwovens -- 2.1 What is Nonwoven? -- 2.2 Why Nonwoven Fabric?' -- 2.3 Nonwoven Versus Woven -- 2.4 Fibres for Nonwoven -- 2.5 Why Jute?  [21, 43] -- 3 Needle-Punching Nonwoven [20, 26] -- 3.1 Web Formation -- 3.2 Nonwoven Preparation -- 3.3 Structure -- 3.4 Properties -- 4 Jute Needle-Punched Nonwoven in Agrotextiles -- 4.1 Agricultural Mulch Fabric: Case Studies -- 4.2 Application on Horticultural/Nursery Bag [17] -- 4.3 Prefabricated Grass Mat from Jute Nonwoven -- 5 Artificial Soil Substitute -- 6 Use of Jute Nonwoven as Protective Cloth in Agriculture -- 6.1 Survey on Potential -- 7 Challenges and Limitations  [38, 42]. , 8 Potentials and Economy  [38, 42] -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Popularization of Agrowaste Fibres-Banana and Areca Nut Fibre-A Sustainable Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Agro-Waste Fibres -- 3 Banana Pseudostem a Rich Source of Fibre -- 3.1 Methods of Extraction -- 3.2 Properties of Banana Fibre Extracted from Pseudostem -- 3.3 Fibre Yield -- 3.4 Dyeability of Banana Fibre -- 3.5 Weaving of Banana Fabric -- 3.6 Applications in Composite Industry -- 4 Areca Nut Fibre -- 4.1 Properties of Areca Nut Fibre -- 4.2 Method of Extraction -- 4.3 Dyeability of Areca Fibre -- 4.4 Mechanical Properties -- 4.5 Applications of Areca Fibre -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Union Fabrics from Lotus Petiole Waste -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Collection of Lotus Petioles -- 1.2 Extraction of Fiber -- 1.3 Preparation of Yarn -- 1.4 Constructional Details of Union Fabrics -- 1.5 Preparation of the Product -- 2 Results and Discussions -- 2.1 Construction of Fabrics -- 2.2 Evaluation of the Constructed Fabrics -- 2.3 Preparation of Product -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluating the Potential of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Fabrics and Its Blends for Sustainable Home Textile Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Fibres -- 3 Pineapple Leaf Fibres (PALF) -- 3.1 Extraction of PALF -- 3.2 Properties of PALF -- 3.3 Spinning of PALF -- 3.4 Weaving of PALF -- 3.5 Applications of PALF -- 4 Materials and Methods -- 4.1 Fibre Cutting and Softening -- 4.2 Fibre Blending -- 4.3 Fibre Morphological Structure -- 4.4 Yarn Production -- 4.5 Yarn Properties Testing -- 4.6 Woven Fabric Production -- 4.7 Sourced Commercial Fabrics -- 4.8 Woven Fabric Properties Testing -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Morphological Structure of PALF -- 5.2 Yarn Count and Twist -- 5.3 Yarn Tenacity -- 5.4 Yarn Elongation -- 5.5 Yarn Evenness -- 5.6 Yarn Imperfections. , 5.7 Yarn Hairiness -- 5.8 Yarn Quality Index (YQI) -- 5.9 Statistical Significance of Yarn Properties Between PALF Cotton Blends -- 5.10 Overall Assessment of the Produced Yarn Characteristics -- 5.11 Woven Fabric Properties -- 5.12 PALF Table Mat and Curtain -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Production of Sustainable Banana Fibers from Agricultural Wastes and Their Properties -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Banana Plant and Its Cultivation -- 3 Banana Fibers and Their Production -- 3.1 Banana Fiber Production with Retting Method -- 3.2 Banana Fiber Production with Mechanical Methods -- 3.3 Degumming Process of Banana Fibers -- 3.4 Yarn Formation from Banana Fibers -- 4 Chemical Structure of Banana Fibers -- 5 Physical and Chemical Properties of Banana Fibers -- 6 Applications Areas of Banana Fibers -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Development of Sustainable Sound and Thermal Insulation Products from Unconventional Natural Fibres for Automobile Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 2.1 Selection and Extraction Fibres -- 3 Characterization of Fibres -- 3.1 Physical Properties of Fibres -- 3.2 Surface Morphology Using Scanning Electron Microscope -- 3.3 Crystallinity of Fibres Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- 3.4 Analysis of Chemical Groups by FTIR -- 3.5 Thermal Properties of Fibres -- 3.6 Preparation of Fibre and Web Formation -- 3.7 Needle Punched Non-woven Production -- 4 Characterization of Developed Non-woven -- 4.1 Physical Characterization -- 4.2 Thermal Conductivity by Lee's Disc Method -- 4.3 Sound Absorption Coefficient by Impedance Tube Method -- 5 Results and Discussions -- 5.1 Physical Properties of Fibres -- 5.2 Surface Morphology of Fibres Using SEM -- 5.3 FTIR Analysis of Fibres -- 5.4 Crystallinity of Fibres Using X-Ray Diffraction -- 5.5 Thermal Properties of Fibres -- 5.6 Characterization of Non-woven Fabrics. , 5.7 Air Permeability and Thermal Conductivity of Non-woven Samples -- 5.8 Acoustical Characteristics -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Design and Development of Under Arm Sweat Pad -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sweat -- 1.2 Sweat-Common Causes -- 1.3 Body Odour -- 1.4 Problems due to Sweating -- 1.5 Sweat Pad -- 2 Materials Used for Microencapsulation -- 2.1 Core Material -- 2.2 Coating Material -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Fabric Selection-Polyester -- 3.2 Bamboo -- 3.3 Material Details and Layers -- 3.4 Microencapsulation -- 4 Preparation of Micro-Capsules -- 4.1 Padding Process -- 4.2 Light Microscopy and SEM Analysis -- 5 Design and Development of Underarm Sweat Pad -- 5.1 Construction of Underarm Sweat Pad -- 5.2 Underarm Sweat Pad with Body Straps -- 5.3 Feedback Survey -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Air Permeability Test -- 6.2 Moisture Vapour Transmission Test -- 6.3 Vertical Wickability Test -- 6.4 Antimicrobial Activity Test -- 6.5 Antimicrobial Activity-Quantitative Analysis -- 6.6 Washing Durability Test -- 6.7 Survey Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Product Development Using Cornhusk Fibres-A Sustainable Initiative -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Natural Plant Fibres -- 1.2 Textile and Non-textile Applications of Natural Cellulosic Fibres -- 1.3 Unconventional Natural Cellulosic Fibres -- 1.4 Corn and Cornhusk Fibres -- 1.5 Various Applications of Corn in Textiles -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Manufacturing of Rope/Mats -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Yarn and Fabric Formation -- 3.2 Manufacturing of Rope/Mats -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Organic Cotton: Fibre to Fashion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cotton Fibre -- 2.1 Facts About Conventional Cotton Cultivation -- 3 Organic Clothing-Need of Future -- 4 Organic Cotton -- 4.1 Why Wear Organic? -- 5 Cultivation of Organic Cotton -- 5.1 Seed Preparation -- 5.2 Soil Fertility. , 5.3 Crop Rotation -- 5.4 Cover Cropping -- 5.5 Pest and Weed Management -- 5.6 Harvesting -- 5.7 Post-Harvesting Operations -- 6 Advantages of Organic Cotton Cultivation -- 6.1 Environmentally Friendly Technology -- 6.2 Cultivation Cost Reduction -- 6.3 Insecticide Resistance Management -- 7 Advantages of Organic Cotton Fibre -- 8 Roadmap for Organic Cotton -- 9 Economic Viability of Organic Cotton -- 9.1 Control of Pests -- 9.2 The Most Difficult Challenge -- 10 GOTS-Global Organic Textile Standards -- 10.1 Certification Process of GOTS -- 11 Organic Production Constraints -- 12 World Organic Cotton Production -- 13 Organic Fibre Properties -- 14 Ginning -- 15 Spinning of Organic Cotton Yarn -- 16 Fabric Manufacturing -- 17 Wet Processing of Organic Cotton Fabric -- 18 Application of Enzymes in Organic Cotton Processing -- 18.1 Enzyme Source -- 18.2 Genetically Modified Organism -- 18.3 Use of GMOs to Produce Enzymes -- 18.4 GOTS-Prohibited/Restricted Inputs in All Production Stages During Organic Cotton Processing -- 18.5 Alternatives to GMO Enzymes -- 19 Garment Manufacturing -- 19.1 Garment Manufacturing Process Flow Chart -- 19.2 Waste Generation in the Apparel Industry: An Overview -- 19.3 Zero Waste Concept -- 19.4 Zero Waste Fashion Techniques for Organic Cotton Clothing -- 19.5 Trims and Accessories -- 20 Retailing -- 21 Conclusion -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 What is Additive Manufacturing? -- References -- Sustainable Impact Evaluation of Support Structures in the Production of Extrusion-Based Parts -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Additive Manufacturing -- 2.1 Material Extrusion -- 2.2 Powder Bed Fusion -- 2.3 Vat Photopolymerization -- 2.4 Material Jetting -- 2.5 Binder Jetting -- 2.6 Sheet Lamination -- 2.7 Directed Energy Deposition -- 3 Case Study -- 3.1 Relationship Between Dissolution Time and Material Volume -- 3.2 Super Rugby Trophy 2015 and Klein Bottle -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A New Variant of Genetic Programming in Formulation of Laser Energy Consumption Model of 3D Printing Process -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experiment Details for the SLS Process in the Measurement of Laser Energy Consumption and TAS -- 3 Evolutionary Algorithms -- 3.1 Complexity-Based Evolutionary Approach of Genetic Programming (CN-GP) -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Statistical Validation of Energy Consumption Models Against the Experimental Data -- 4.2 Relationships Between Laser Energy Consumption and TAS and Inputs via Sensitivity and Parametric Analysis of the Best Model -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3D Printing Sociocultural Sustainability -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Creating Connections -- 3 Craft Discourse and Sustainability -- 4 Making Context -- 5 Digital Crafting -- 6 Creating Balance -- 7 Digital Adaptation -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Additive Manufacturing and its Effect on Sustainable Design -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Planned Obsolescence -- 1.2 Sustainable Design Approaches -- 1.2.1 Eco-design -- 1.2.2 Sustainable Design -- 1.2.3 Road-Map for Sustainable Product Development -- 1.2.4 Cyclic-Solar-Safe Principles -- 1.2.5 Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development -- 1.2.6 Cradle to Cradle -- 1.2.7 Circular Economy. , 2 Relationship Between Design Quality and Sustainability -- 3 Additive Manufacturing -- 3.1 Complexity for Free -- 3.2 Mass Customization -- 3.3 Freedom of Design -- 3.4 Sustainability of Additive Manufacturing Beyond Design Freedom -- 3.5 Speculations on the Impact of Additive Manufacturing -- 3.6 New Sustainability Challenges Associated with Additive Manufacturing -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sustainable Design for Additive Manufacturing Through Functionality Integration and Part Consolidation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 AM Enabled Design Methods -- 2.1 Impact of AM on Conventional DTM -- 2.1.1 Design Considerations for Manufacturing -- 2.1.2 Design Considerations for Assembly -- 2.1.3 Design Considerations for Performance -- 2.2 AM-Related Design Method -- 2.2.1 Design Guidelines and Design Rules -- 2.2.2 Modified DTM for AM -- 2.2.3 Design for Additive Manufacturing -- 2.3 On-Going AM-Related Design Research on Sustainability -- 3 Sustainable Design Methodology for AM -- 3.1 General Design Flow -- 3.2 Functional Design -- 3.3 Design Optimization -- 3.4 Design Refinement -- 3.5 Environmental Impact Evaluation -- 4 Case Study -- 5 Summary -- References -- Redesigning Production Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: Systems in Crisis -- 2 The Change Is Now -- 3 Global Connectivity, Drivers for Change and Opportunities for Change -- 4 Additive Manufacturing and Global Connectivity for Sustainable Design and Production -- 5 Supply Chain Management (SCM) Implications of 3D Printing -- 5.1 The Development Cycle -- 5.2 Inventory Management: Production and Distribution -- 5.3 Logistic Postponement -- 5.4 Management of Spare Parts -- 6 Humanitarian Logistic Case Study -- 7 Changing Consumer Relationships -- 8 Contraction and Convergence -- 9 New Patterns of Production -- 10 Conclusion -- References.