Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Evolution of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Decade of Conception -- 1.2 Decade of Standardization -- 1.3 Decade of Elaboration -- 1.4 Decade of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 2 Analysis of Paper Focusing on LCSA -- 3 Life Cycle Attributes (Three Dimensions of Sustainability) -- 3.1 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) -- 3.2 Life Cycle Costing (LCC) -- 3.3 Social Life Cycle Assessment -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Sustainability Assessment Framework for the Australian Food Industry: Integrating Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment and Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Descriptive Analysis -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 4.2 Circular Economy Concepts and Principles -- 5 The Proposed 'Food Systems Sustainability Assessment Framework' (FSSAF) -- 5.1 Sustainability Assessment Studies -- 5.2 The Proposed Framework -- 6 Conclusions and Further Studies -- 6.1 Conclusions -- 6.2 Further Studies -- References -- Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Methodology and Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 LCSA Methodology -- 2.1 LCSA Goal and Scope Definition -- 2.2 LCSA Inventory -- 2.3 LCSA Impact Assessment -- 2.4 Interpretation -- 3 Development in LCSA Tool -- 4 Establishing Relationship Between Three Pillars of Sustainability -- 4.1 Identifying Variables of the Process Chain -- 4.2 Creating a Causal Loop Diagram -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Application of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment to Evaluate the Future Energy Crops for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Perspectives of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 1.2 The Energy Crops -- 1.3 Perennial Energy Crops -- 1.4 Resource-Utilization-Efficiency (RUE) -- 1.5 Ecological Paybacks. , 2 Methodological Characteristics -- 2.1 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment -- 2.2 Ecological Impact Assessment (EIA) -- 2.3 Financial Study of Crop Breeding -- 2.4 Demographic/Socioeconomic Analysis -- 2.5 Ecological Facets of Perennial Crops Production and Use -- 2.6 Influence of Climate on Perennial Crops -- 2.7 Local Impacts on Perennial Crop Production -- 3 Financial and Socioeconomic Features of Perennial Crop Manufacture -- 3.1 Monetary and Financial Features of Perennial Crop Manufacture -- 4 Case Study on OPTIMA Project -- 4.1 Sustained Crops and Cost Chains -- 4.2 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) -- 4.3 Evaluation of Sustained Grasses and Application Options -- 4.4 Environmental Impact Assessment -- 4.5 Cost-Effective Analysis -- 4.6 Socioeconomic Analysis -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Sustainable Development: ICT, New Directions, and Strategies -- 1 Main Concepts -- 2 Evolution of the Concepts -- 3 True Business Sustainability -- 3.1 Sustainability Reporting -- 3.2 New Global Approaches to Sustainability -- 3.3 The Importance of ICT Within the LCSA -- 4 Case Studies -- 4.1 Case Study Details -- 4.2 Results-A Results Section -- 4.3 Discussion -- 5 New Directions and Strategies -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in Building and Energy Retrofit Design-An Investigation into Challenges and Opportunities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability and Development -- The Roots and Evolution -- 3 Sustainability Assessment of Buildings-A Life Cycle Approach -- 4 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in the Decision Context-Challenges and Opportunities of Decision-Making Models in Building LCSA -- 5 Implementing Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in Buildings-The Case of Building Energy Refurbishment -- 5.1 LCA in Building Energy Retrofitting -- A Review on Methods and Assumptions. , 5.2 LCC in Building Energy Retrofitting -- Indicators and Economic Parameters -- 5.3 SLCA in Building Energy Retrofitting -- The Implementation Level -- 6 LCSA Challenges -- A Classification of the Open Challenges and a Discussion on Emerging Solutions in the Literature -- 6.1 Integrated LCSA Models-Multi-dimensional LCSA Studies and Application of Optimization Methods -- 6.2 BIM-Based LCSA-A Solution for Data Management and Processing -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Evaluating the Sustainability of Feedlot Production in Australia Using a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Framework -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Study -- 2.1 Goal and Scope -- 2.2 System Boundaries and Functional Unit -- 2.3 Model Description -- 2.4 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Inventory -- 2.5 Life Cycle Sustainability Impact Assessment -- 2.6 Sustainability Assessment Results -- 2.7 Proposed Recommendations and Analysis for Sustainable Beef Production in Feedlots -- 3 Discussions -- 4 Conclusions and Further Studies -- 4.1 Conclusions -- 4.2 Further Studies -- References -- Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Study of Conventional and Prefabricated Construction Methods: MADM Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment -- 2.2 Life Cycle Inventory and Life Cycle Impact Assessment -- 2.3 Life Cycle Costing -- 2.4 Multi-attributes Decision-Making -- 3 Case Study -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Embodied Energy -- 4.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission -- 4.3 Life Cycle Costing -- 4.4 Multi-attributes Decision-Making -- 4.5 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Brp-Exploring Paths to the Circular Economy -- 1 History -- 2 BRP: Products -- 3 Competition -- 4 Key Success Factors -- 5 BRP's Strategic Priorities -- 6 Brp Value Chain -- 7 Use of Raw Materials and Components -- 8 Design -- 8.1 Product Research and Development -- 8.2 Product Policy -- 9 Production -- 9.1 Environmental Management of Production -- 10 Logistics/Production Optimization -- 11 Distribution -- 12 Customers and Uses -- 12.1 Snowmobile -- 13 ATV and SSV -- 13.1 Clienteles and Demographic Trends -- 13.2 Acceptance of Recreational Vehicles in Canada -- 14 Maintenance and Repair -- 15 Second Life -- 16 End of Life -- Appendix 1 The Circular Economy -- References -- Fashion Upcycling: A Canadian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chapter Outline -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Research Design -- 4.2 Data Collection -- 4.3 Data Analysis -- 4.4 Ethical Considerations -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Background Information -- 5.2 Interview Findings -- 5.3 Retail: Acceptance, Price and Brand Narrative -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Design: Fashion First -- 6.2 Design: Materials, Volume, Consistency -- 6.3 Design: Collaboration -- 6.4 Manufacturing: Labour and Cost -- 6.5 Production: Cleaning -- 6.6 Production: Scale -- 6.7 Retail: Fashion Media, Retail Buyers, and Consumer Acceptance -- 6.8 Retail: Price -- 6.9 Retail: Brand Narrative -- 7 Conclusion and Recommendations for Further Research -- 7.1 Conclusion -- 7.2 Recommendations for Further Research -- References -- Analysis of Pakistani Textile Industry: Recommendations Towards Circular and Sustainable Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Textile Industry: Circular Economy and Sustainability Significance -- 2.1 Measuring Circular Economy: Life Cycle Assessment Approach -- 2.2 Circular Economy Assessment and Nexus -- 3 Pakistani Textile Industry: A Case Study. , 3.1 Significance -- 3.2 Sustainability -- 4 Resource-Energy-Water (REW) Nexus -- 4.1 Resources' Consumption in the Textile Factory -- 5 Sustainability and Circular Economy Practices -- 6 Why Circularity Is Important? Environmental Impacts of Traditional Textile Production -- 6.1 Impact on Water Resources -- 6.2 Impact on Land Use -- 6.3 Impact on Ecosystem -- 7 Proposed Actions for Sustainable Fibre Production in Pakistan -- 7.1 Natural Fibre -- 7.2 Synthetic Fibre -- 7.3 Outcomes of Traditional Textile Production -- 8 Actions in Sustainable Yarn and Fabric Production in Pakistan -- 9 Actions for Managing Textile Products Waste in Pakistan -- 10 Possible Drivers of Circular Economy -- 10.1 Stronger Governance and Policies -- 10.2 Collaboration and Financing -- 10.3 Change in Consumption Habits -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- Circular Economy in Product Development-A Case Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Study 1: Upcycling of Cotton Wastes -- 3 Case Study 2-Recycling of PET -- 3.1 Advantages of Recycled Polyester -- 4 Case Study 3-Recycled Fibre-Based Mulching Sheets -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Circular Economy Implementation in Chilean Retail Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Textile Products Cycle in Chile -- 2.1 Retail Companies -- 2.2 Recycling Companies -- 2.3 Social and Energy Organizations -- 3 Retail Companies in Chile: Falabella Case Study [7] -- 3.1 Integrity -- 3.2 Significative Experience -- 3.3 More Social Value -- 3.4 Climate Action and Circularity -- 4 Retail Companies in Chile: Paris Case Study [8] -- 4.1 Sustainable Program -- 4.2 Social Program -- 4.3 Certifications of Sustainable Products -- 4.4 Design -- 4.5 Production -- 4.6 Logistic -- 4.7 Store -- 4.8 Awareness -- 4.9 Closing the Loop -- 5 Retail Companies in Chile: Ripley Company [9] -- 5.1 Sustainable Line -- 5.2 Sustainability with Ripley Workers. , 5.3 Recycling Projects -- 6 Recycling Textile Companies in Chile -- 6.1 Ecocitex -- 6.2 Ecofibra [12] -- 6.3 Retex [13] -- 6.4 Travieso [14] -- 7 Analysis of Circular Economy in Chilean Textile Market -- 8 The Circular Economy Route of Chile's Proposal -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Circular Economy in Textiles and Fashion -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Concepts Leading to Circular Economy -- 2 Global Textile Industry and Its Growth -- 3 Issues with Linear Models -- 3.1 Impact of the Linear Economy Model -- 4 Textile Waste and Closing the Loop -- 4.1 Waste in the Textile Industry -- 4.2 Waste in the Clothing Industry -- 4.3 Closing the Loop -- 4.4 The Reach Forclosing the Textile/Fashion Loop -- 5 Challenges and Opportunities -- 5.1 Requirements for Closed Loop Manufacturing -- 5.2 Challenges -- 5.3 Opportunities -- 5.4 The True Potential of High Value Textile Recycling-Case Studies -- 5.5 Roadmap for a Circular Economy -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Circular Economy: An Insightful Tool for Sustainable Management of Wastewater -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wastewater Pollutants -- 3 Treatment Process of Wastewater -- 4 Management of Wastewater -- 5 Circular Economy -- 6 WasteWater Management and Its Circular Economy -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Social Life Cycle Assessment of Agricultural Products: Experiences on Rice, Sugarcane and Cassava in Thailand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Goal and Scope Definition -- 2.2 Data Collection -- 2.3 Impact Assessment -- 2.4 Interpretation -- 3 Social Performance of Rice Product -- 3.1 Context of Rice Cultivation -- 3.2 Characterized SLCA Results of Rice Product -- 4 Social Performance of Sugarcane Product -- 4.1 Context of Sugarcane Cultivation -- 4.2 Characterized SLCA Results of Sugarcane Product -- 5 Social Performance of Cassava Product -- 5.1 Context of Cassava Cultivation -- 5.2 Characterized SLCA Results of Cassava Product -- 6 Comparison of Social Performance Between Different Crops -- 6.1 Normalized Results -- 6.2 Weighted Results -- 7 Social Effects of Area Based Agriculture Policy on Agricultural Products -- 7.1 Rice -- 7.2 Sugarcane -- 7.3 Cassava -- 8 Applicability of the Proposed SLCIA Method Used in Different Agricultural Products -- 8.1 Applicability -- 8.2 Limitations -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- A LCA Technique to Measure the Socially Business Responsible Profile: The Case of Food Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relative Literature -- 3 Methodological Structure -- 3.1 Goal Design -- 3.2 System Boundaries Recognition -- 3.3 Selection of Stakeholders -- 3.4 Indicators Selection -- 3.5 Measurement System Design -- 4 The Case of Food Industry -- 4.1 Sample Selection -- 4.2 Data Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Case Study on Social Life Cycle Assessment of the Dairy Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Social Life Cycle Assessment -- 3 Social Impact Tools -- 4 SLCA and ELCA Methodology -- 5 Case Studies -- 5.1 Dairy Farm in Irish -- 5.2 Cheese Production in New Zealand -- 5.3 Milk Production in Canada -- 5.4 Milk Production in Queensland -- 6 S-LCA Limitations. , 7 Future Contemplations -- 8 Conclusion -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Blockchain Technology: A Fundamental Overview -- 1 Blockchain Fundamental -- 1.1 Background and Evolution -- 1.2 Blockchain Definition -- 2 Blockchain Components -- 3 Blockchain Features -- 4 Blockchain Architecture -- 5 How Does Blockchain Work? -- 6 Blockchain Categorization -- 7 Blockchain Regulations and Organization Incorporation -- 8 Blockchain Usage -- 9 The Future of Blockchain Technology: Artificial Intelligent and Digital Privacy -- References -- Fundamentals of Blockchain and New Generations of Distributed Ledger Technologies. Circular Economy Case Uses in Spain -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History and Evolution of Blockchain Technology -- 3 A Definition of Blockchain -- 4 Key Concepts -- 5 The "Actors" in a DLT -- 6 The Constituent Elements of a Blockchain -- 7 Governance Conditions for Future Applications -- 8 New Generations of Blockchain -- 8.1 Hashgraph -- 8.2 Dag -- 8.3 Holochain -- 8.4 Chia Network -- 8.5 DFinity -- 8.6 Neural Distributed Ledger (NDL) -- 9 The Concept of Token: "Tokenization" -- 10 Uses and Applications. The Spanish Case -- 10.1 Climate Trade -- 10.2 Telos-Based CTIC Logistics Traceability Application -- 10.3 Food Track, Food Supply Chain Traceability -- 10.4 CircularChain, a Blockchain Platform for Packaging Recycling -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- Security Magnification in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain Technology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Overview of Blockchain -- 3.1 Types of Blockchain -- 3.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 3.3 Key Components of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation Behind Applying Blockchain Technology in SCM -- 4.2 Advantages of Leveraging Blockchain -- 4.3 Leveraging SCM in Industries with Blockchain Technology -- 4.4 Use Cases of Blockchain in SCM -- 5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions. , References -- "Implementation of Blockchain Technologies in Smart Cities, Opportunities and Challenges" -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Enabling Technology Types -- 3 Accompanying Features of the Blockchain Technology -- 4 Smart City-The Origins -- 5 Smart Cities-The Concept -- 6 The Smart City-The Model -- 7 Primary Objectives of the Smart Cities -- 8 Smart City as a Summation of Paradigms -- 9 Composing Elements of the Smart Cities -- 10 Application of the Blockchain Technology in the Smart Cities -- 11 Application of Blockchain Technology in the Development of the Smart Cities -- 12 Digital Identity -- 13 SSI Digital Identity -- 14 Blockchain Architecture for Smart Cities -- 15 Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology -- 16 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain Technology Enables Healthcare Data Management and Accessibility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Blockchain Overview -- 3 Key Blockchain Technology Features -- 3.1 Decentralization -- 3.2 Trust and Transparency -- 3.3 Traceability and Auditability -- 3.4 Persistency and Immutability -- 3.5 Privacy and Anonymity -- 4 Benefits of Blockchain in Healthcare -- 4.1 Decentralized Medical Data Management -- 4.2 Data Protection -- 4.3 Ownership of Medical Data -- 4.4 Control Pharmaceutical Supply Chain -- 4.5 Availability and Accessibility of Medical Data -- 5 Blockchain Application in Healthcare Sector -- 5.1 Mobile Health (mHealth) -- 5.2 Healthcare Data Management -- 5.3 Pharmaceutical Tracing and Supply Chain -- 5.4 Health Insurance Claims -- 5.5 Health Education and Clinical Trials Research -- 6 Case Study (e-Health Estonia) -- 7 Processes Improved Through Blockchain -- 7.1 Patient Record Management -- 7.2 Maintaining Consistent Permissions -- 7.3 Protecting Telehealth Systems -- 7.4 Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine -- 7.5 Optimizing Health Insurance Coverage. , 7.6 Medical Billing Systems -- 7.7 Enhancing Privacy of Patients' Data -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Blockchain as a Service: A Holistic Approach to Traceability in the Circular Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Paradigms: The Circular Economy and Blockchain Technology -- 2.1 Introduction to the Circular Economy -- 3 A Blockchain Integration Model for the Circular Economy. A BaaS Approach -- 3.1 Blockchain and the Circular Economy -- 3.2 The BaaS Approach -- 3.3 A Specific, Neural Distributed Network-Based Solution -- 4 Implications and Challenges -- References -- The Smart City, Smart Contract, Smart Health Care, Internet of Things (IoT), Opportunities, and Challenges -- 1 The Smart Contract -- 2 The Opportunities in the Application of the Blockchain Technology in Smart Health Care -- 3 Opportunities in Utilizing Smart Contracts in Smart Health Care -- 4 Smart Contract Applications -- 5 Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Smart Cities -- 6 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities and Challenges -- 7 Security Issues with Internet of Things (IoT) Devices in Context of Smart Cities -- 8 Challenges in Connecting Citizens and Smart Cities -- 9 Smart City, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (IoT) Opportunities -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Applications of Blockchain Technology for a Circular Economy with Focus on Singapore -- 1 Blockchain -- 1.1 Blockchain Overview -- 1.2 Characteristics of Blockchain -- 2 Circular Economy (CE) -- 2.1 The Concept of Circular Economy -- 2.2 Circular Economy Challenges -- 2.3 Ecosystem Economy and the Cities' Role in Driving CE -- 2.4 Circular City -- 2.5 Sustainable Development -- 3 Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology for a CE -- 3.1 Focus on Singapore -- 4 Challenges of Applying the Blockchain Technology to the CE -- 5 Suggestions for Way Forward -- 6 Conclusion. , References -- Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Logistics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Basics of Blockchain -- 3.1 History of Blockchain -- 3.2 Architecture of Blockchain -- 3.3 Types of Blockchain -- 3.4 Working of Blockchain -- 4 Supply Chain Management -- 4.1 Motivation for Applying Blockchain in SCM -- 4.2 How Blockchain Can Be Implemented? -- 4.3 Opportunities for Integration of Blockchain and SCM -- 5 Conclusion -- References.