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  • 1
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    Experimental evidence of damage to benthos by bottom trawling with special reference to Arctica islandica (1991)
    Parey
    In:  Meeresforschung - Reports on Marine Research, 33 . pp. 340-345.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: In Kiel Bay (Western Bahic), benthos samples were taken at 20 m water depth using rectangular botanical dredges fixed to the otter boards of an 80 ft Sonderborg standard trawl to document possible effects of trawl fishery on the benthic fauna. Thin-shelled bivalves like Syndosmya (Abra) alba, Mya spp. and Macoma calcarea, as well as the starfish Asterias rubens were damaged by otter-boards to a high extent. Thick-shelled bivalves such as Astarte borealis and Corbula gibba, however, seem to be more resistant to mechanical stress of bottom-trawl fishery. Musculus niger, an epibenthic species, is probably only resuspended and dislocated. The rate of damage to Arctica islandica, Macoma baltica and Macoma calcarea is related to their body size. Large specimens are more affected than smaller specimens due to the unfavourable relationship between shell surface and shell thickness. The size distribution of Arctica islandica in heavily trawled areas of Kiel Bay shows reductions in the upper size class in these areas.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Assessing evidence for random assembly of marine benthic communities from regional species pools (2009)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 382 . pp. 279-286.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps07934
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  • 3
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    The benthic infauna of the North Sea: species distribution and assemblages (1992)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 49 (2). pp. 127-143.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In 1986 participants of the Benthos Ecology Working Group of ICES conducted a synoptic mapping of the infauna of the southern and central North Sea. Together with a mapping of the infauna of the northern North Sea by Eleftheriou and Basford (1989) this provides the database for the description of the benthic infauna of the whole North Sea in this paper. Division of the infauna into assemblages by TWINSPAN analysis separated northern assemblages from southern assemblages along the 70 m depth contour. Assemblages were further separated by the 30, 50 m and 100 m depth contour as well as by the sediment type. In addition to widely distributed species, cold water species do not occur further south than the northern edge of the Dogger Bank, which corresponds to the 50 m depth contour. Warm water species were not found north of the 100 m depth contour. Some species occur on all types of sediment but most are restricted to a special sedimentand therefore these species are limited in their distribution. The factors structuring species distributions and assemblages seem to be temperature, the influence of different water masses, e.g. Atlantic water, the type of sediment and the food supply to the benthos. Eleftheriou, A. and Basford, D. J. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 69: 123–143.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/49.2.127
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  • 4
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    Trends in biomass, density and diversity of North Sea macrofauna (1992)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 49 (1). pp. 13-22.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-19
    Description: Total biomass and biomass of large taxonomic groups (polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms) and species diversity of the macrofauna were determined for almost 200 North Sea stations sampled synoptically by seven vessels during Spring 1986 and for 120 additional stations sampled in earlier years by the Marine Laboratory in Aberdeen. There exists a clear and significant decreasing trend in biomass with latitude, both in total biomass and for the different taxonomic groups. Apart from latitude, sediment composition and chlorophyll a content of the sediment also infuence total biomass and biomass of most groups significantly. Biomass increases consistently in finer sediments and sediments with a higher chlorophyll a content. The same trends are found for the results within laboratories. Some interaction exists, indicating weak laboratory and zonal effects. Diversity, as measured by Hill's diversity index N1 = (exp H′) shows a clear and significant trend with latitude. Towards the north of the North Sea diversity increases considerably. The trend is also found for laboratories separately and is everywhere equally strong. Also longitude and depth show an effect on diversity. Sediment variables have no clear influence on diversity. Other diversity measures show the same trend but are more variable than N1,. Total density tends to increase towards the north, but sediment related variables have a larger influence. Mean individual weight becomes considerably smaller towards the northern part of the North Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/49.1.13
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  • 5
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    REMOTS sediment profiles around an exploratory drilling rig in the southern North Sea (1992)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 91 . pp. 303-311.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: During the Bremerhaven Workshop in the southern North Sea, REMOTS sediment profile lmages (SPI) were recorded in order to supplement the benthic component of the workshop and other environmentally relevant parameters investigated along a spatial gradient at an abandoned exploratory drilling site off the Dutch coast. The sampling stations were in accordance with the other studies, but due to bad weather conditions only a small proportion of the intended samples were taken. The profile data were supplemented by video recordings of the sediment surface features taken on a second cruise. The results presented here have important implications for the interpretation of other benthic and sediment samples, and may help to interpret some enigmat~cw orkshop data.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Performance comparison of two biotic indices measuring the ecological status of water bodies in the Southern Baltic and Gulf of Lions (2007)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54 (10). pp. 1598-1606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: Two biotic indices, ATZI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and Benthic Quality Index (BQI) have been recently introduced within the EC Water Framework Directive to assess the quality of marine habitats: both are based on sensitivity/tolerance classification and quantitative information on the composition of soft-bottom macrofauna. Their performance, especially with regard to sampling effort was assessed based on two data sets collected in Southern Baltic and one from the Gulf of Lions Mediterranean. AMBI was not affected by sampling effort but BQI was. Two modifications were proposed for BQI (i.e., BQI) (1) the removal of the scaling term (i.e., BQIW), and (2) the replacement of the scaling term by different scaling term (i.e., BQIES). Both modified BQIs were largely independent of sampling effort. Variability was slightly lower for BQIW than for BQIES. BQI was highly correlated with BQIW and with BQIES both in the Southern Baltic and in the Gulf of Lions. However, the proportions of stations, which were not attributed the same ecological quality status (EcoQ) when using BQI and its two modified forms were always high. Differences in ecological classification were mostly due to the scales used to infer EcoQ. Based on this study we recommend to use BQIES in future studies because it apparently constitutes the best compromise in (1) being independent of sampling effort, (2) limiting the variability in computation in relation with sampling effort, (3) being correlated with BQI and corresponding EcoQ.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.06.011
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  • 7
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    Energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates: general conversion factors from weight to energy (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117 (3). pp. 271-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In ecological studies, especially in those dealing with energy circulation in nature, determinations of the energy content of organisms are inevitable. Energy determinations are, however, laborious and time-consuming. Average conversion factors based on different species form various areas and seasons may often be a shortcut for overcoming this problem. To establish general energy conversion factors for aquatic invertebrate groups, we used 376 values of J · mg−1 DW and 255 values of J · mg−1 AFDW, representing 308 and 229 species, respectively. The dry-weight-to-energy factors were highly variable both within and between taxonomic groups, e.g.: Porifera, 6.1 J · mg−1 DW; insect larvae, 22.4 J · mg−1 DW (median values). The energy-conversion factors related to AFDW showed a much smaller dispersion with a minimum median value of 19.7 J · mg−1 AFDW (Ascidiacea) and a maximum of 23.8 J · mg−1 AFDW (insect larvae). Within taxonomic groups, the 95% confidence intervals (AFDW) were only a few percent of the median values. The use of energy-conversion factors based on AFDW is preferable due to their lower dispersion. For aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates, a general conversion factor of 23 J · mg−1 AFDW can be used.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(88)90062-7
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  • 8
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    Changes in North Sea macrofauna communities and species distribution between 1986 and 2000 (2011)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 94 (1). pp. 1-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The North Sea Benthos Project 2000 was initiated as a follow-up to the 1986 ICES North Sea Benthos Survey with the major aim to identify changes in the macrofauna species distribution and community structure in the North Sea and their likely causes. The results showed that the large-scale spatial distribution of macrofauna communities in the North Sea hardly changed between 1986 and 2000, with the main divisions at the 50 m and 100 m depth contours. Water temperature and salinity as well as wave exposure, tidal stress and primary production were influential environmental factors on a large (North Sea-wide) spatial scale. The increase in abundance and regional changes in distribution of various species with a southern distribution in the North Sea in 2000 were largely associated with an increase in sea surface temperature, primary production and, thus, food supply. This can be most likely related to the North Sea hydro-climate change in the late 1980s influenced by the variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Only one cold-temperate species decreased in abundance in 2000 at most of the stations. Indications for newly established populations of offshore non-native species were not found.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Format: other
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.008
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  • 9
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    The fate of an immigrant: Ensis directus in the eastern German Bight (2012)
    Springer
    In:  Helgoland Marine Research, 66 (3). pp. 307-317.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: We studied Ensis directus in the subtidal (7–16 m depth) of the eastern German Bight. The jack-knife clam that invaded in the German Bight in 1978 has all characteristics of a successful immigrant: Ensis directus has a high reproductive capacity (juveniles, July 2001: Amrumbank 1,914 m−2, Eiderstedt/Vogelsand: 11,638 m−2), short generation times and growths rapidly: maximum growth rates were higher than in former studies (mean: 3 mm month−1, 2nd year: up to 14 mm month−1). Ensis directus uses natural mechanisms for rapid dispersal, occurs gregariously and exhibits a wide environmental tolerance. However, optimal growth and population-structure annual gaps might be influenced by reduced salinity: at Vogelsand (transition area of Elbe river), maximum growth was lower (164 mm) than at the Eiderstedt site (outer range of Elbe river, L ∞ = 174 mm). Mass mortalities of the clams are probably caused by washout (video inspections), low winter temperature and strong storms. Ensis directus immigrated into the community finding its own habitat on mobile sands with strong tidal currents. Recent studies on E. directus found that the species neither suppresses native species nor takes over the position of an established one which backs up our study findings over rather short time scales. On the contrary, E. directus seems to favour the settlement of some deposit feeders. Dense clam mats might stabilise the sediment and function as a sediment-trap for organic matter. Ensis directus has neither become a nuisance to other species nor developed according to the ‘boom-and-bust’ theory. The fate of the immigrant E. directus rather is a story of a successful trans-ocean invasion which still holds on 23 years after the first findings in the outer elbe estuary off Vogelsand.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10152-011-0271-2
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  • 10
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    Fish farming impacts in the Mediterranean studied through sediment profiling imagery (2002)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 227 . pp. 125-133.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: The sediment beneath and at various distances from the fish farm cages in Cephalonia bay (Eastern Mediterranean) was investigated seasonally through sediment profiling imagery (SPI) as well as through monitoring of geochemical variables and macrofaunal assemblages. The SPI images (SPI) repeatedly showed the same qualitative pattern along the benthic enrichment gradient with readily identifiable attributes such as depth of dark sediment, signs of outgassing and bioturbation marks. Quantitative comparisons showed that a large number of SPI attributes showed significant positive or negative correlation with geochemical and biological attributes describing the effect of fish farming on the seabed. All multivariate patterns obtained through the analysis of SPI attributes were highly correlated to those obtained from standard multivariate analysis of macrofauna during the respective seasons. It is argued that SPI provides an integrated assessment of the sedimentary conditions and therefore may be used as a complement of or even a substitute for standard sampling methods when mapping the effects of aquaculture on silty substrates
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps227125
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