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  • OceanRep  (21)
  • OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review  (21)
  • Institut für Meereskunde  (21)
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  • OceanRep  (21)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-06-03
    Description: The test compound p-nitrophenol during summer normally is rapidly degraded in the freshwater area of the Elbe river. In contrast, degradation of PNP is decreased significantly during periods of low temperature or low oxygen content. Thus the xenobiotic compound is carried to the North Sea. In estuarine and marine environments the degradation of PNP is diminished step by step towards the open sea and is finally ceased completely, mostly as a result of increasing salinity.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-06-03
    Description: Between 28 August and 5 September 1982 thirty water samples (5 m depth) were taken on a transect between the Bothnian Bay and the Kiel Bight. Despite substantially differing hydrographical situations within the different subregions of the Baltic Sea, the total bacterial numbers showed a remarkable regional uniformity. Bacterial numbers fluctuated between 3 and 4 x 106 cells ml-1. A distinct pattern was observed: mean bacterial cell volumes were high in the Bothnian Bay (0.145 µm3) and low in the Gotland- and Bornholm Sea (0.094 and 0.091 µm3, respectively). The bacterial biomass fell in the range of 184 - 117 µg C 1-1. The activity parameters were somewhat more variable than bacterial numbers and biomass.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-06-13
    Description: An acclimated mixed culture of degrading bacteria and a degradable substance (4-Nitrophenol) were introduced into differently treated water samples. It could be shown that in all cases where an acclimated inoculum was used, degradation took place almost immediately compared to not acclimated cultures, where it took at least 10 days. The rate and extent of mineralization was influenced by low temperature, the presence of other organic nutrients and especially protozoan grazing. The data suggest that one of the main reasons for the acclimation period was the very small initial population of degrading bacteria. The role of other carbon sources is ambivalent. Low concentrations of organic chemicals which cannot sustain growth slow down acclimation and the degradation rate. Another important factor slowing down growth is grazing by protozoa, which can inhibit effective degradation.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen Beitrag zur Klärung des Problems der Selbstreinigung von Gewässern unterschiedlichen Salzgehaltes zu liefern. An Hand verschiedener Parameter wurde in geeigneten Versuchsgefäßen der Abbau von häuslichem Abwasser in Süßwasser und in Ostseewasser verglichen, um festzustellen, wie sich der Salzgehalt auf die Dekomposition der Schmutzstoffe auswirkt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß dieser im Ostseewasser anfangs nicht langsamer verläuft als im Süßwasser. Erst nach 3-4 Tagen setzt eine Verzögerung ein, die sich vor allem in einer verlangsamten Nitrifikation bemerkbar macht und möglicherweise auf den im Brackwasser stärkeren Rückgang der Abwasser- und Süßwasserbakterien zurückzuführen ist. Die bakterizide Wirkung tritt anfangs infolge der hohen Nährstoffkonzentration zurück und macht sich erst nach einigen (1-3) Tagen bei Abnahme der Nährstoffe bemerkbar. In der Anfangsphase scheint sich der Salzgehalt des Ostseewassers in vitro eher günstig auf den Abbau auszuwirken, wobei vielleicht der höhere osmotische Wert eine Rolle spielt. Die Übertragung dieser in vitro gewonnenen Ergebnisse auf die natürlichen Verhältnisse ist zwar nicht ohne weiteres möglich bei Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse von Standortuntersuchungen im Bereich der Abwassereinleitung der Stadt Kiel in die Ostsee bei Bülk ergibt sich jedoch, daß die Selbstreinigungskraft des Brackwassers so groß ist, daß es von Vorteil sein kann, Küstengewässer an Stelle von benachbarten Binnengewässern als Vorfluter zu verwenden.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: 1. Versuche zur Vermehrung und Einwanderung von Colibakterien ins Sediment erfolgten mit dem Teststamm E. coli K.12. Dessen Verhalten wurde in Labor- und Freilanduntersuchungen überprüft und in Abhängigkeit vom Salz-, Nährstoff- und Schwefelwasserstoffgehalt diskutiert. 2. Einwanderung und Vermehrung von E. coli K 12 im Sediment konnte im Laborversuch in speziell dafür konstruierten Säulen beobachtet werden. Im sterilisierten Schlicksediment wurde aktive Einwanderung von E. coli K 12 mit recht gleichmäßiger Geschwindigkeit festgestellt. Im unsterilisierten Sediment erfolgte die Einwanderung mit erheblich höherer Geschwindigkeit. Dieses kann auf einen passiven Transport der Bakterien durch Würmer oder andere schlickbewohnende Tiere zurückzuführen sein. 3. Eine Vermehrung von E. coli K 12 wurde im Laborversuch nur in sterilisiertem Brackwassersediment festgestellt. In allen anderen Proben starben die Keime mehr oder weniger schnell ab. 4. Freilanduntersuchungen im Watt der Nordsee zeigten, daß unter natürlichen Verhältnissen das Absterben von E. coli im Sediment erheblich langsamer erfolgt als im Seewasser gleichen Salzgehaltes.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In der Ost- und Nordsee sowie einem kleinen Fluß, der Schwentine, erfolgten Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von phenolabbauenden Mikroorganismen. Dazu wurde eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Phenolabbaupotenz von Wasser- und Sedimentproben ausgearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß in abwasserbelasteten Gewässern sowohl im Sommer als auch im Winter phenoloxydierende Mikroorganismen nachzuweisen sind. Der mikrobielle Phenolabbau erfolgt vorwiegend in der warmen Jahreszeit bei Wassertemperaturen über 10° C. In der Kieler Außenförde nahm die Phenolabbaupotenz im Frühling und Sommer mit der Wassertemperatur zu. In der offenen Ost- und Nordsee fanden sich nur in einigen Sedimenten Phenolabbauer, jedoch nicht im Wasser. In the Baltic and the North Sea, as weil as in the small Schwentine river, experiments were made on the presence of microorganisms which decompose phenol. For this purpose, a method of determining the phenol-degradation capacity of water and sediment samples was worked out. The results show that phenol-oxidizing microorganisms are present in polluted waters in the summer as weil as in the winter. The microbial decomposition of phenol takes place mainly during the warm season at water temperatures above 10° C. At the outer end of the Kiel fjord, the capacity to degrade phenol increased in the spring and summer with the temperature of the water. In the open Baltic and North Sea, phenol-decomposers were found only in some sediment samples, not however, in the water.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Scientists of the Institut für Meereskunde at the University of Kiel have for several years been involved in investigations into the role of carbon heterotrophic microorganisms in the food web of the western Baltic. The aim of this work is to obtain information on the transformation of organic material from the primary producers to bacteria and from these to zooplankton and zoobenthos during the annual cycle. The release of phytoplankton exudates was investigated by use of tracer methods and by the uptake of this material by bacteria. lt could be shown that in the Kiel Bight area approximately 15- 30 % of the yearly primary production was transformed to bacterial biomass. In relation to the phytoplankton development the bacteria population exhibits seasonal changes. The growth of aufwuchs was studied and also the sedimentation of algal detritus. During sedimentation a rather high amount of the easily degradable material is remineralized. The remineralization processes are strongly affected by temperature. Laboratory experiments showed that 35 % of the phytoplankton material was remineralized at 20 °C and 3 % at 5 °C per day. The bacterial aufwuchs is a valuable subtrate for grazing organisms like ciliates and rotifers. These processes continue after sedimentation of the detritus and stimulate bacterial activity in the uppermost zone of the ground. The amount of bacterial biomass production influences the development of the meiofauna. In shallow coastal waters microphytobenthos can provide most of the primary carbon production from which about 50 % were transferred to bacterial biomass.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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