Beschreibung: SUMMARY We propose a class of spherical wavelet bases for the analysis of geophysical models and for the tomographic inversion of global seismic data. Its multiresolution character allows for modelling with an effective spatial resolution that varies with position within the Earth. Our procedure is numerically efficient and can be implemented with parallel computing. We discuss two possible types of discrete wavelet transforms in the angular dimension of the cubed sphere. We describe benefits and drawbacks of these constructions and apply them to analyse the information in two published seismic wave speed models of the mantle, using the statistics of wavelet coefficients across scales. The localization and sparsity properties of wavelet bases allow finding a sparse solution to inverse problems by iterative minimization of a combination of the ℓ 2 norm of the data residuals and the ℓ 1 norm of the model wavelet coefficients. By validation with realistic synthetic experiments we illustrate the likely gains from our new approach in future inversions of finite-frequency seismic data.

Beschreibung: ABSTRACT Riffle-pool sequences are a common feature of gravel-bed rivers. However, mechanisms of their generation and maintenance are still not fully understood. In this study a monitoring approach similar to the one of Andrews (1979 and 1982) is employed. It focuses on analysing cross-sectional and longitudinal channel geometry of a large floodplain river (Vereinigte Mulde, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany) with a high temporal and spatial resolution, in order to conclude from stage-dependant morphometric changes to riffle and pool maintaining processes. In accordance with Richards (1976a), Andrews (1979 and 1982) among others, pool cross sections of the Mulde River are narrow and riffle cross sections are wide suggesting that they should rather be addressed as two general types of channel cross-sections than solely as bedforms. At high flows, riffles and pools in the study reaches changed in length and height but not in position. Pools were scoured and riffles aggraded, a development which was reversed during receding flows below the threshold of 0.4·Q bf (40% bankfull discharge). An index for the longitudinal amplitude of riffle-pool sequences, the bed undulation intensity or bedform amplitude, is introduced and proved to be highly significant as a form parameter, its first derivative as a process parameter. The process of pool scour and riffle fill is addressed as bedform maintenance or bedform accentuation. It is indicated by increasing longitudinal bed amplitudes. According to the observed dynamics of bed amplitudes, maintenance of riffle-pool sequences lags behind discharge peaks. Maximum bed amplitudes may be reached with a delay of several days after peak discharges. Increasing bed undulation intensity is interpreted to indicate bed mobility. Post-flood decrease of the bed undulation intensity indicates a retrograde phase when transport from pools to riffles has ceased and bed mobility is restricted to riffle tails and heads of pools. This type of transport behaviour is referred to as disconnected mobility. The comparison of two river reaches, one with undisturbed sediment supply, the other with sediment deficit, suggests that high bed undulation intensity values at low flows indicate sediment deficit and potentially channel degrading conditions. It is more generally hypothesised that channel bed undulations constitute a major component of form roughness and that increased bed amplitudes are an important feature of channel bed adjustment to sediment deficit be it temporally during late floods or permanently due to a supply limitation of bedload. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Beschreibung: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/la202947e

Beschreibung: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac402689t

Beschreibung: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/bi400882s

Beschreibung: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja4010255

Beschreibung: A randomized comparison of a commercially available portion-controlled weight-loss intervention with a diabetes self-management education program Nutrition & Diabetes 3, e63 (March 2013). doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.3 Authors: G D Foster, T A Wadden, C A LaGrotte, S S Vander Veur, L A Hesson, C J Homko, B J Maschak-Carey, N R Barbor, B Bailer, L Diewald, E Komaroff, S J Herring & M L Vetter

Beschreibung: EMBO Reports 14, 465 (2013). doi:10.1038/embor.2013.37 Authors: Denise Wätzlich, Ingrid Vetter, Katja Gotthardt, Mandy Miertzschke, Yong-Xiang Chen, Alfred Wittinghofer & Shehab Ismail Defects in primary cilia result in human diseases known as ciliopathies. The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR), mutated in the most severe form of the eye disease, is located at the transition zone of the ciliary organelle. The RPGR-interacting partner PDEδ is involved in trafficking

Beschreibung: Ciguatoxins activate specific cold pain pathways to elicit burning pain from cooling The EMBO Journal 31, 3795 (2012). doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.207 Authors: Irina Vetter, Filip Touska, Andreas Hess, Rachel Hinsbey, Simon Sattler, Angelika Lampert, Marina Sergejeva, Anastasia Sharov, Lindon S Collins, Mirjam Eberhardt, Matthias Engel, Peter J Cabot, John N Wood, Viktorie Vlachová, Peter W Reeh, Richard J Lewis & Katharina Zimmermann Ciguatoxins are sodium channel activator toxins that cause ciguatera, the most common form of ichthyosarcotoxism, which presents with peripheral sensory disturbances, including the pathognomonic symptom of cold allodynia which is characterized by intense stabbing and burning pain in response to mild cooling. We show that

Beschreibung: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja307408x