Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Adhesion of Living Cells: Mechanisms of Adhesion and Contact Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries. The Long Way to the Bottom -- 2.1 Light and Electron Microscopy -- 2.2 Surface Force Apparatus and Adhesion Meter -- 2.3 Depth-Sensing Indentation Techniques -- 2.4 Atomic Force Microscopy and Devices Based on the Use of Elastic Cantilevers -- 3 Mechanisms of Adhesion Between Biological Cells -- 3.1 Physical Mechanisms of the vdW Forces -- 3.2 Physical Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion -- 4 Adhesive Contact Problems and Experimental Evaluation of Cell Characteristics -- 4.1 Adhesive Contact Problems -- 4.2 Evaluation of Elastic and Adhesive Characteristics of Cells -- 4.3 Adhesive Contact Problem for a Prestressed Neo-Hookean Material -- 4.4 The Extended BG Method (eBG) -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Contact Problem in Indentation Measurements of Soft, Biological and Bioinspired Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indentation Techniques to Study Biointerfaces -- 2.1 AFM Is the Technique of Choice -- 2.2 Terminology -- 2.3 Heterogeneity of Biointerfaces at the Microscale: The Need in Robust Statistics -- 3 Brush Model Is a Way to Reduce the Brushy Contact to a Standard Contact Model -- 3.1 Generic Assumptions About Contact Models Used to Describe Biointerfaces -- 3.2 The Need in Well-Defined Large Spherical AFM Probes -- 3.3 Contact Problem in the Brush Model -- 3.4 Verification of the Contact Problem in the Brush Model -- 3.5 Comparison of the Contact Problem within the Hertz and Brush Models Applied to Biological Cells -- 3.6 Pericellular Brush Layer Is Not a Linear Elastic Material -- 4 Conclusion -- A.1 Appendix -- References -- 3 Mechanical Properties of the Cell Surface Layer Measured by Contact Atomic Force Microscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cell Surface Layer. , 3 Physical Quantities Measured by AFM in Contact Mode -- 4 Parameters of the Maps of Nanomechanical Properties -- 5 AFM Parameters of Cell Surface -- 5.1 AFM Parameters of Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts (Effects of the Cell Zone and Cell Type) -- 5.2 AFM Parameters of the Different Types of Erythrocyte in Hereditary Spherocytosis (Effect of the Change in the Cell Surface Layer Structure) -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Materials and Methods -- References -- 4 Capillary Adhesion Effect in Contact Interaction of Soft Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Capillary Adhesion in Contact of Smooth Elastic Bodies -- 3 Method of Solution -- 4 Contact Characteristics as Functions of Normal Load -- 5 Effect of the Liquid Volume, its Surface Tension, and Elastic Modulus of the Half-Space -- 6 Effect of the Body Shape -- 7 Energy Dissipation in an Approach-Retraction Cycle -- 8 Capillary Adheson in Discrete Contact -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Influence of a Soft Elastic Layer on Adhesion of Rough Surfaces -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Adhesive Contact Between a Wavy Surface and a Layered Half-Space -- 2.1 Influence of Layer Thickness and Elastic Modulus on Complete Area at the First Contact -- 2.2 Dependence of Strength of Adhesion on Layer Thickness -- 3 Discussion on Adhesive Contact with a Very Thin Layer -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Asymptotic Modeling Scheme for Analysis of Bio-inspired Fibrillar Adhesive Interfaces: A Short Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Asymptotic Modeling of Multiple Contact -- 2.1 Small Parameters -- 2.2 Stretched Coordinates -- 2.3 Asymptotic Matching -- 2.4 Homogenization of the Contact Pressure -- 2.5 Boundary Layer Problem -- 3 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 7 Spreading of Red Caviar Cells: The Knife-Cell and the Cell-Cell Adhesive Interactions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries: Theoretical Aspects of Indentation. , 2.1 Non-adhesive Hertz-Type Contact Problems -- 2.2 Adhesive Contact Problems in Geometrically Linear Formulation -- 3 Experimental Studies -- 3.1 Experimental Device -- 3.2 Hydration and Dehydration of Caviar Cells -- 3.3 Depth-Sensing Indentation of Caviar Cells -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Mechanical Characterisation of Polymeric Materials Using Nanoindentation -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Structure and Mechanical Response -- 1.2 Conventional Mechanical Testing vs Nanoindentation -- 1.3 Nanoindentation Theory -- 1.3.1 Material Pile Up -- 1.3.2 Viscoelasticity -- 1.3.3 Viscoplasticity -- 1.3.4 Hydrostatic Stress -- 1.4 General Hyper Elastic Models -- 1.4.1 Mooney-Rivlin Model -- 1.4.2 Neo-Hookean Model -- 1.4.3 Ogden Model -- 1.4.4 Arruda-Boyce Model -- 2 Experimental and Numerical Methodology -- 2.1 Nanoindentation Test -- 2.2 Finite Element Modelling of the Nanoindentation -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Viscoelasticity -- 3.2 Viscoplasticity -- 3.2.1 Viscoplasticity Models -- 3.2.2 Comparison with Experiment -- 3.3 Viscous-Hyper Elastic Materials -- 3.3.1 Methodology of Tension Testing and Determination of Viscoelastic/Hyper Elastic Model Parameters -- 3.3.2 Tensile Testing Results -- 3.3.3 Finite Element Modelling -- 3.3.4 Model Predictions and Experiment -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Indentation Tests of Biological Materials: Theoretical Aspects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hardness Tests and Depth-Sensing Indentation Techniques -- 2.1 Traditional Hardness Tests -- 2.2 Fracture Effects in Indentation Tests and Microbrittleness Tests -- 2.3 Depth-Sensing Indentation and Measurements of Hardness -- 2.4 Depth-Sensing Indentation and Estimations of Elastic Moduli of Materials -- 3 Testing of Biological Materials Using Indentation Techniques -- 3.1 Testing of Hard Biological Materials -- 3.2 Testing of Articular Cartilage -- 3.3 Testing of Snake Skins. , 3.4 Testing of Elastin and Resilin-Based Materials -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Effect of Viscoelasticity in Sliding Contact of Layered Solids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 Method of Solution -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Viscoelastic Half-Space Coated by a Rigid Plate -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Characterisation of an AFM Tip Bluntness Using Indentation of Soft Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Images of AFM Tips in Working Position -- 4 The AFM Tip in Its Working Position -- 4.1 SEM Image Analysis -- 4.2 Rotating the Tip 12 Clockwise -- 5 AFM Nanoindentation: Load-Displacement Data -- 5.1 AFM Nanoindentation: Force-Displacement Analysis -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 SEM Vertical Orientation -- 6.2 SEM 12 Clockwise Rotation -- 6.3 AFM Nanoindentation -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 12 The JKR Formalism in Applications to Problems of Adhesive Contact -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Hertz-Type and Boussinesq Non-adhesive Contact Problems -- 2.1 Formulation of an Axisymmetric Hertz-Type Contact Problem for Linear or Linearized Elastic Solids -- 2.2 The Boussinesq Problems -- 2.3 Incompatibility of the Hertz-Type and Boussinesq Contact Problem Formulations -- 3 The Derjaguin, Sperling, and JKR Models -- 3.1 Initial Derjaguin's Model of Adhesion -- 3.2 The Sperling Model -- 3.3 The JKRS Model -- 4 The JKR Formalism -- 4.1 The JKR Formalism in Application to Frictionless Contact for Spherical Indenters -- 4.2 The JKR Formalism in Application to Frictionless Contact for Power-Law Shaped Indenters -- 4.3 Contact Problems for Polynomial Indenters -- 4.4 The JKR Formalism in Application to No-slip Contact for Power-Law Shaped Indenters -- 4.5 The JKR Formalism in Application to Frictionless Contact for Arbitrary Shaped Axisymmetric Indenters. , 4.6 The JKR Formalism in Application to Adhesive Contact with Transversely Isotropic and Homogeneously Prestressed Elastic Samples -- 5 The JKR Formalism in Application to Non-Hertzian Contact Problems -- 5.1 The JKR Formalism in Application to Elastic Layers -- 5.2 The JKR Formalism in Application to Adhesive Contact with a Thin Membrane -- 5.3 The General Case of Explicit Transformation Between Non-adhesive and Adhesive Contact Problems -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References.