Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Overview of the Chinese National Key Basic Research Project Entitled ``Development and Evaluation of High-Resolution Climate System Models'' -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Demand for the Sustainable Development of Economies and Society -- 1.1.2 Scientific Basis for Climate Change Research -- 1.1.3 Expected Contributions to Solving Problems at the National Level -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.2.1 General Goals -- 1.2.2 Objectives of the 5-Year Project -- 1.3 Subprojects -- 1.4 Overview of the Project Implementation -- 1.5 Major Achievements -- 1.5.1 Development of a High-Resolution Version of the BCC_CSM Global Climate System Model -- 1.5.1.1 Development of High-Resolution Global AGCMs -- Global Spectral AGCM -- Global-Gridded AGCM -- Radiative Transfer Uncertainty -- 1.5.1.2 Development of High-Resolution Global OGCMs -- 1.5.1.3 Development of the High-Resolution Land Component Model -- 1.5.1.4 Development of BCC_CSM -- 1.5.2 The Model Evaluation System -- 1.5.2.1 Metrics for EASM -- 1.5.2.2 Metrics for Evaluating East Asian Cloud and Radiation -- 1.5.2.3 Metrics for Monsoon--ENSO Interaction -- 1.5.2.4 Metrics for Tropical Bias -- 1.5.2.5 Metrics for ENSO and the Aerosol Indirect Effect -- 1.5.3 The MME Coupling Platform -- 1.5.3.1 Design and Implementation -- 1.5.3.2 Portal -- 1.5.3.3 Performance Model and Process Layout Optimization for the Coupled Climate Model -- 1.5.3.4 Validation of the MME Coupling Platform -- 1.5.3.5 Application of the IE Model -- Climate Impact of Atmospheric Noise -- Impacts of Atmospheric Noise on ENSO -- The Role of Atmospheric Noise in NAO Variability -- 1.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Studies on High-Resolution Atmospheric and Oceanic General Circulation Models -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Objectives -- 2.3 Major Achievements. , 2.3.1 Improvements of the Dynamical Core of the High-Resolution AGCM -- 2.3.2 Sensitivity of Simulated Climate to Dynamical Cores -- 2.3.3 Preliminary Results from the High-Resolution IAP AGCM4.0 -- 2.3.4 CAR Validation and Its Application to Further Improve the Performances of the Original Radiation Transfer Codes -- 2.3.4.1 Continual Intercomparison of Radiation Codes Experiments -- 2.3.4.2 ERA-Interim Experiments -- Overall Accuracy and Further Improvement of Radiation Code Performance -- Effects of Cloud Subgrid Structures on Radiative Calculation Accuracies -- 2.3.5 The Spread Related to Cloud and Radiation Calculations -- 2.3.6 Dominant Roles of Subgrid-Scale Cloud Structures in Model Differences of Cloud Radiative Effects -- 2.3.6.1 Origin and Reduction of Model Discrepancies in Cloud Radiative Effects -- 2.3.6.2 Dominant Roles of Cloud Subgrid Structure in the Model Differences of Estimated Radiative Components -- 2.3.6.3 Reduction in the Nonlinear Sensitivity of Model Spread to Cloud Fraction -- 2.3.7 Incorporation of the CAR System into the Physical Framework of IAP AGCM4 -- 2.3.8 A High-Resolution Global Ocean General Circulation Model Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model -- 2.3.8.1 Model Setting -- 2.3.8.2 Preliminary Results from the High-Resolution Global Ocean Model -- 2.3.9 Other Achievements Related to IAP Model Performance -- 2.3.9.1 Simulation of Intraseasonal Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon -- 2.3.9.2 Simulation of Interdecadal Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Summer Rainfall in Eastern China -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- 3 Studies on the Model Dynamics and Physical Parameterizations of the High-Resolution Version of the Global Climate System Model BCC_CSM -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Objectives -- 3.3 Major Achievements -- 3.3.1 Advection Schemes. , 3.3.1.1 The Two-Step Shape-Preserving Advection Scheme -- 3.3.1.2 Flux-Form Semi-Lagrangian Transport Scheme -- 3.3.2 The Parameterization of Gravity Wave Drag -- 3.3.2.1 Convective Gravity Wave Source Parameterization -- 3.3.2.2 Frontal Gravity Wave Source Parameterization -- 3.3.3 Further Development of the Cumulus Convection Parameterization Scheme -- 3.3.4 Cloud and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Radiation -- 3.3.4.1 A Statistical Cloudiness Parameterization Based on the Probability Distribution Function of Cloud Water -- 3.3.4.2 An Algorithm to Calculate the Proportion of Cloud Ice and Liquid Water Content -- 3.3.4.3 Cloud Vertical Structure and Its Impact on Radiation -- 3.3.5 Improvements in the Parameterization of Surface Turbulent Fluxes Between Air and Sea/Sea Ice -- 3.3.5.1 Air--Sea Flux -- 3.3.5.2 Air--Sea Ice Flux -- 3.3.6 Parameterizations of Land Surface Processes -- 3.3.6.1 Temperature Threshold for Soil Freezing -- 3.3.6.2 Impacts of Soil Organic Matter on Soil Thermal and Hydraulic Conductivities -- 3.3.6.3 Seasonal Variation of Snow Aging and Snow Albedo -- 3.3.6.4 Plant Functional Type--Dependent Temperature Adjustment to the Maximum Rate of Carboxylation -- 3.3.6.5 A Four-Stream Radiative Transfer Parameterization Scheme Within the Canopy in the Land Surface Process Model -- 3.3.7 Vertical Mixing Processes in the Ocean -- 3.3.7.1 A Parameterization Scheme of Vertical Mixing Due to Inertial Internal Wave Breaking Implemented in MOM4_L40 -- 3.3.7.2 Impact of Wave-Induced Ocean Mixing Processes -- 3.4 Performance -- 3.4.1 The Stability of BCC_CSM -- 3.4.2 Global Distribution of Precipitation -- 3.4.3 Regional Climate Over East Asia -- 3.4.4 SST Over the Tropical Pacific Ocean -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Development and Testing of a Multi-model Ensemble Coupling Framework -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Objectives. , 4.3 Major Achievements -- 4.3.1 Multi-model Ensemble Coupling Framework -- 4.3.1.1 Design and Implementation of the Multi-model Ensemble Coupling Platform -- 4.3.1.2 Portal of the Multi-model Ensemble Coupling Platform -- 4.3.1.3 Model Performance and Optimization of the Layout of Processes for the Coupled Climate Model -- 4.3.2 Validation of the Multi-model Ensemble Coupling Framework -- 4.3.2.1 Validation for Numerical Precision -- 4.3.2.2 Scientific Verification of the SC and IE Models -- 4.3.3 Climate Impact of the Atmospheric Noise Investigated by the IE Model -- 4.3.4 Impacts of Atmospheric Noise on the Relationship Between ENSO and North Pacific SST Investigated by the IE Model -- 4.3.5 The Role of Atmospheric Noise in the NAO with the IE Model -- 4.4 Summary -- References -- 5 Metrics for Gauging Model Performance Over the East Asian--Western Pacific Domain -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Objectives -- 5.3 Major Achievements -- 5.3.1 Metrics for East Asian Summer Monsoon Simulation -- 5.3.1.1 Diurnal Cycle -- 5.3.1.2 Intensity Structure of Precipitation -- 5.3.1.3 Mean State of East Asian--Western Pacific Summer Climate -- 5.3.1.4 Interannual and Interdecadal Variability -- 5.3.1.5 East Asian Monsoon in a Global Monsoon Perspective -- 5.3.2 Metrics for East Asian Cloud and Radiation Simulation -- 5.3.2.1 Stratus Amount, Occurrence Frequency and Amount-when-present -- 5.3.2.2 Divergence and Stability Downstream of the Tibetan Plateau -- 5.3.2.3 The Distribution of Cloud Radiative Forcing in Dynamic and Thermodynamic Regimes -- 5.3.2.4 Composite Environmental Fields Associated with the Stratus Signal -- 5.3.3 Tropical Cloud Simulation -- 5.3.4 Processes for Improving Model Performance in ENSO Simulation -- 5.3.5 The Double ITCZ Bias in the Coupled Model. , 5.3.5.1 Observational Reference for Model Evaluation in the Southern Equatorial Pacific Ocean -- 5.3.5.2 Initial Development of SST Warm Bias in the Southern Equatorial Pacific Ocean in a Coupled Model -- 5.3.5.3 The Double ITCZ Bias in CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models -- 5.3.6 ENSO--Monsoon Relationship Simulated by FGOALS-s2 -- 5.3.6.1 El Niño Developing Summers -- 5.3.6.2 El Niño and La Niña Mature Winters and Their Asymmetry -- 5.3.6.3 El Niño Decaying Summers -- 5.3.7 Decadal Prediction System of FGOALS-gl and FGOALS-s2 -- 5.3.8 Other Achievements -- 5.3.8.1 Madden--Julian Oscillation -- 5.3.8.2 Correction of the Double ITCZ Bias -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- Index.