Note: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Earth System Science---Past Experiences and Future Trends -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review -- 3 Future Trends -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Educational Program of the Earth System Science Research School (ESSReS) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Educational Program -- 2.1 Introductory Courses -- 2.2 Expert Courses -- 2.3 Seminar Series -- 2.4 Computational Skills Courses -- 2.5 Transferable Skill Courses -- 2.6 Academic Writing Courses -- 2.7 Excursions -- 2.8 Annual Retreat -- 3 International Exchange -- 3.1 International and National Meetings -- 3.2 Visit in a Foreign Lab -- 3.3 Invited Guest Scientists -- 4 Progress Assessments -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Time Evolution of a PhD Student's Mood---A Review of My Time as PhD Student of the Research School ESSReS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Time Evolution of a PhD Students's Mood -- 3 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Progress in Earth System Science: What Does It Take to Make Our Ideas Clear? -- Abstract -- 1 Self-critical Approach -- 2 Hypothesis Testing and Models -- 3 Building of Models and Expressing the Scientific Discoveries -- References -- Part II Remote Sensing and Modelling of Atmospheric Chemistry and Sea Ice Parameters -- 5 Towards a Better Tropospheric Ozone Data Product from SCIAMACHY: Improvements in High Latitude Stratospheric Ozone -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Limb Measurements and Comparison Methodology -- 3 SCIAMACHY Limb Retrieval of Version 2.9 -- 4 SCIAMACHY Limb Retrieval of Version 3.0 and Comparison Results -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Ten-Year SCIAMACHY Stratospheric Aerosol Data Record: Signature of the Secondary Meridional Circulation Associated with the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Instrument and Data. , 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Investigating the Link Between Glyoxal and Biogenic Activities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Glyoxal Retrieval -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Estimates of NOx Emission Factors from GOME-2 Measurements for the Major Types of Open Biomass Burning -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 2.1 Satellite Measurements of TVC NO2 -- 2.2 Satellite Measurements of FRP -- 2.3 Land Cover Type Product -- 2.4 Production Rate of NOx from Fire -- 2.5 Estimation of NOx Emission Factors -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 9 The Use of FTIR-Spectrometry in Combination with Different Biosphere-Atmosphere Flux Measurement Techniques -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Setup -- 2.1 The Flux Gradient Technique -- 2.2 The Flux Chamber Technique -- 3 Flux Gradient- and Flux Chamber Measurements -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Near-Infrared Lunar Absorption Spectroscopy for the Retrieval of Column Averaged CO2 and CH4 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ground-Based Column Averaged Trace Gas Retrieval -- 3 Spectra from the Bremen Instrument Setup -- 4 xCO2 and xCH4 from Lunar Absorption Spectroscopy -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 A New Method to Filter Out Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) from SMOS Level 1C Data for Sea Ice Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Description -- 3 Filtering Procedure -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Arctic Multiyear Ice Concentration Retrieval from SSM/I Data Using the NASA Team Algorithm with Dynamic Tie Points -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 3 Time Series Results -- 4 Sensitivity Study and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 13 Detecting CDOM Fluorescence Using High Spectrally Resolved Satellite Data: A Model Study -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 DOAS Retrieval Technique -- 2.2 CDOM Fluorescence Modeling -- 2.2.1 CDOM as Mixture of Humic and Fulvic Acids -- 2.2.2 Excitation-Emission Matrices Approach -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Physical Oceanography -- 14 The Flow of Dense Water Plumes in the Western Weddell Sea Simulated with the Finite Element Ocean Model (FEOM) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Model Setup and Experiments -- 3 Results -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Data Analysis and Modeling of the Amundsen Sea Embayment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hydrographic Data Analysis -- 3 Modeling of the Amundsen Sea -- 4 Discussion and Outlook -- References -- Part IV Sea-ice Physics -- 16 Impact of Sea-Ice Bottom Topography on the Ekman Pumping -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 3 Calculation of Oceanic Drag Coefficients -- 4 Ekman Pumping -- 5 Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Classification of CryoSat-2 Radar Echoes -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V Earth System Modelling and Data Analysis -- 18 Integration of Passive Tracers in a Three-Dimensional Ice Sheet Model -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Present Day Control Run -- 2.2 Passive Tracer Advection -- 2.2.1 Validation of Tracer Modules -- 2.2.2 Analytical Comparison to the Nye-Vialov Solution -- 3 Discussion -- References -- Part VI Climate Archives and Geotectonics -- 19 Bivalve Shells---Unique High-Resolution Archives of the Environmental Past -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Shell Origin and Laboratory Work. , 2.2 State of Preservation -- 2.3 Frequency Analysis -- 2.4 Stable Oxygen Isotopes ( delta 18O) -- 3 Results -- 3.1 State of Preservation -- 3.2 Frequency Analysis -- 3.3 Stable Oxygen Isotopes ( delta 18O) -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 20 Functional Diversity and Traits Assembly Patterns of Benthic Macrofaunal Communities in the Southern North Sea -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- 21 Snow Accumulation in North Greenland over the Last Millennium -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 22 Seismostratigraphic Analysis and Glacial History of the Weddell Sea Region, Antarctica -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Seismic Characteristics and Horizon Stratigraphy -- 3.2 Sedimentation Rates -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part VII Geoinformatics -- 23 Visual Analysis of Relevant Fields in Geoscientific Multifield Data -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Field Similarity Plot -- 4 Interactive Visual Analysis -- 5 Use Cases -- 5.1 Multifield -- 5.2 Time-Varying Field -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 24 A Database Language More Suitable for the Earth System Sciences -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Model -- 3 Query Language -- 3.1 Array Construction -- 3.2 Array Inspection Operators -- 3.3 Array Aggregation -- 3.4 Derived Operators -- 3.5 Array \leftrightarrow Table Conversion -- 3.6 Array \leftrightarrow LOB Conversion -- 4 Implementation -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 Towards Collaborative Exploration and Analysis of Big Data from Mars: A Noachis Terra Case Study -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods. , 3 Noachis Terra Case Study -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.