In:
Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2024-1-8)
Abstract:
On September 30, 2021, a saildrone uncrewed surface vehicle intercepted Hurricane Sam in the northwestern tropical Atlantic and provided continuous observations near the eyewall. Measured surface ocean temperature unexpectedly increased during the first half of the storm. Saildrone current shear and upper-ocean structure from the nearest Argo profiles show an initial trapping of wind momentum by a strong halocline in the upper 30 m, followed by deeper mixing and entrainment of warmer subsurface water into the mixed layer. The ocean initial conditions provided to operational forecast models failed to capture the observed upper-ocean structure. The forecast models failed to simulate the warming and developed a surface cold bias of ~0.5°C by the time peak winds were observed, resulting in a 12-17% underestimation of surface enthalpy flux near the eyewall. Results imply that enhanced upper-ocean observations and, critically, improved assimilation into the hurricane forecast systems, could directly benefit hurricane intensity forecasts.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
2296-7745
DOI:
10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974
DOI:
10.3389/fmars.2023.1297974.s001
Language:
Unknown
Publisher:
Frontiers Media SA
Publication Date:
2024
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2757748-X