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  • Artikel  (1.190)
  • 2010-2014  (1.190)
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  • Artikel  (1.190)
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  • 1
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    Finding Leaves in the Forest: The Dual-Wavelength Echidna Lidar (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: The dual-wavelength Echidna lidar is a portable ground-based full-waveform terrestrial scanning lidar for characterization of fine-scale forest structure and biomass content. While scanning, the instrument records the full time series of returns at a half-nanosecond rate from two coaligned 5-ns pulsed lasers at 1064 and 1548 nm wavelengths. Leaves absorb more strongly at 1548 nm compared to stems, allowing discrimination of forest composition at milliradian scales from the ground to the forest canopy. This work describes the instrument design and data products and demonstrates the power of two wavelength lidar to clearly distinguish leaves from woody material with preliminary field data from the Sierra Nevada National Forest.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Novel Adaptive Component-Substitution-Based Pan-Sharpening Using Particle Swarm Optimization (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: Component substitution (CS) technique is a famous framework for merging multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (Pan) images. The synthetic intensity component is important in the CS fusion framework. In this letter, we propose an optimization model to obtain the adaptive weights. The adaptive weights are computed by maximizing an objective function, which measures the radiometric similarity between the low-scale intensity image and the spatially degraded Pan image. Correlation coefficient, mean-structural-similarity index, and mutual information are used as the similarity criteria, respectively. A particle-swarm-optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the single objection optimization problem. The proposed CS framework is compared with popular CS-based fusion methods. Visual analysis and quality results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive CS fusion framework has superior performance.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Classification of Hyperspectral Image Based on Sparse Representation in Tangent Space (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: In many real-world problems, data always lie in a low-dimensional manifold. Exploiting the manifold can greatly enhance the discrimination between different categories. In this letter, we propose a classification framework based on sparse representation to directly exploit the underlying manifold. Specifically, using the tangent plane to approximate the local manifold of each test sample, the proposed method classifies the sample by sparse representation in tangent space. Unlike several existing sparse-representation-based classification methods, which sparsely represent the test sample itself, the proposed method sparsely represents the local manifold of the test sample by tangent plane approximation. Therefore, it goes beyond the sample itself and is more robust to kinds of variations confronted in hyperspectral image (HSI) such as illustration differences and spectrum mixing. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms several state-of-the-art methods for the classification of HSI with limited training samples.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Rationale Behind an Optimal Field Experiment to Assess the Suitability of Soil Moisture Retrieval Algorithms for SAR Data (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: Validation of soil moisture products derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remotely sensed observations involves a comparison against ground-truth data. This validation step helps one to state the performance of competing retrieval algorithms. Nevertheless, the design of a field experiment in the context of SAR retrieval is not straightforward. Ground-based measurements are affected by instrument errors due to both the physical limitations of the measurement technique and the uncertainties related to the spatial variability of the soil moisture. To properly assess the performance of the retrieved estimates, both of the mentioned sources of uncertainties should be considered in the ground-based sampling and in the subsequent error assessment analysis. This letter addresses the rationale behind an optimal field experiment designed to assess the suitability of soil moisture retrieval algorithms.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Backscattering Feature Analysis and Recognition of Civilian Aircraft in TerraSAR-X Images (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: This letter first analyzes the scattering features of civilian aircraft (CA) using high-resolution TerraSAR-X images of the Hong Kong International Airport based on the electromagnetic scattering theory. The main stable scattering features are found to be salient points. Then, a salient point vector (SPV) is proposed to describe the salient points. By adding two relaxation variables to the matching process, the SPV becomes both translationally and rotationally invariant over a certain orientation range. In addition, a recognition scheme is designed to validate the scattering analysis and the SPV descriptor. Finally, 43 test chips are collected from another TerraSAR-X image acquired in November 2013 in the same location with similar imaging parameters. The test chips are applied to validate the analysis, the SPV descriptor, and the recognition scheme. The results of the experiment indicate that the recognition rate of the Boeing 747 CA reaches 80% and that the scattering features of the aircraft are rotationally invariant to within at least 5 $^{circ}$ . This research verifies the potential application of CA monitoring using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar images.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Comparison of Airborne Passive and Active L-Band System (PALS) Brightness Temperature Measurements to SMOS Observations During the SMAP Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: In this letter, it is shown that spaceborne observations made by the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite agreed closely with the Passive Active L-band System (PALS) brightness temperature acquisitions during the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Validation Experiment 2012. The difference between the SMOS and PALS measurements was less than 5 K and 6 K for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively, over the relatively homogeneous agricultural areas. These values are less than the SMOS subpixel variability determined from the PALS measurement. This result demonstrated that the measurements obtained in the experiment are scalable to spaceborne brightness temperature observations, are representative of the expected SMAP observations, and will be of value in the development of soil moisture algorithms for spaceborne missions.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Nonlocal SAR Interferometric Phase Filtering Through Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: Interferometric phase filtering is an indispensable step to obtain accurate measurement of digital elevation model and surface displacement. In the case of low-correlation or complicated topography, traditional phase filtering methods fail in balancing noise elimination and phase preservation, which leads to inaccurate interferometric phase. A new nonlocal interferometric phase filtering method taking advantage of higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) is proposed in this letter. For each pixel of the interferometric phase, a 3-D data array is established, and shrinkage is applied after HOSVD. A Wiener filter is used to improve the denoising performance in the end. Simulated and real data are employed to validate that the proposed method outperforms other traditional methods and some of the state-of-the-art nonlocal methods.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Multilayer CFAR Detection of Ship Targets in Very High Resolution SAR Images (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: This letter proposes a new ship target detection method for very high resolution (VHR) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on multilayer constant false alarm rate (CFAR). First, combined with log-normal distribution, a multilayer CFAR method is designed to overcome the holes and the fracture in the traditional detected results. This method can retain more details of ships and takes much less time than the traditional CFAR method for VHR SAR images. Second, based on a priori knowledge of ships, we use the sliding window to remove the false alarm targets. Finally, In order to measure the size and shape of a ship, we extract the outline of a ship and fill it by a level set method. Experimental results, carried out on real SAR images, demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the previous one in terms of the detection ratio of pixels instead of the number of ships.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    MIMO Radar Sparse Imaging With Phase Mismatch (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: Sparse recovery algorithms with application to multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar imaging could lose their advantage under a phase mismatch among transmitter–receiver pairs. In this letter, we identify that the impact of a random phase mismatch on the imaging problem can come to a scale-down factor on the amplitude of the MIMO point spread function. We thereby establish the conditions of successful support recovery and the performance measure for the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm for the involved problem, both of which are functions of the scale-down factor. Meanwhile, sparse imaging via expectation–maximization (SIEM) is proposed to alleviate OMP performance loss in the face of a phase mismatch. Numerical results corroborate the analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the SIEM algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Potential of Operational High Spatial Resolution Near-Infrared Remote Sensing Instruments for Snow Surface Type Mapping (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-06
    Beschreibung: Snow changes its morphology permanently from the moment a snow flake touches the ground. Under the influence of meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind, snow grains form complex structures of ice bonds enclosing variable portions of air. The characteristics of such structures are important for the formation of snow avalanches. Certain snow types such as surface hoar, ice crusts, or windblown snow play a major role in the formation of weak layers and slabs, which are precondition for dangerous slab avalanches. The reflection properties of snow depend on the optical equivalent grain size of the ice particles that constitute the snow cover. High spatial resolution remote sensing instruments with near-infrared (0.7–1.4 $muhbox{m}$ ) bands are able to detect such differences in the optical reflection of snow. We use normalized difference index band ratios from a spaceborne and an airborne remote sensing instrument to distinguish and map different snow-surface types in the neighborhood of Davos, Switzerland, enabling a valuable visualization of the spatial variability of the snow surface.
    Print ISSN: 1545-598X
    Digitale ISSN: 1558-0571
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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