Description: Data set of rocks and glasses whose compositions correspond to the term “adakite” (SiO 2 〉 56 wt %, Sr 〉 400 ppm, Sr/Y 〉 18) was compiled from two large geochemical data bases. It was revealed that the adakitic melts are characterized by extremely low abundance as compared to adakitic rocks. Only 50 adakitic compositions (~0.5%) were identified in the data base that includes the major and trace element compositions of over 9700 quenched and melt inclusion glasses. It was established that only 22 of selected analyses characterize melt inclusion glasses, while other analyses represent residual glass or “pocket melts” in ultramafic mantle xenoliths. The question of a genetic relationship between adakitic rocks, adakitic melts, and melting of subsiding plate remains open. Original data on the Shiveluch volcanic center (Kamchatka) were used to demonstrate the formation of adakitic signatures through mineral accumulation.

Description: This study focuses on Jurassic shallow intrusions and subvolcanic bodies from around Trudolyubovka village in the southwestern Crimea. All the rocks are similar in mineral composition and have similar geochemical features and occur in close spatial and geological association. This allows us to assign the intrusions to a single magmatic series and interpret them as differentiation products of a single parental melt. The investigation of melt inclusions in olivine from the most magnesian sample showed that the composition of igneous melts ranged from basalt to basaltic andesite of a moderately potassic subalkaline affinity. Compared with N-MORB, they are enriched in LILE, but have similar HFSE and REE contents. The early magmatic melts crystallized at temperatures ranging from 1240 to 1125°C, pressures of 6–8 kbar, and an oxygen fugacity of ΔQFM = +0.6; and later melts crystallized at 1090–940°C, ~1.5 kbar, and oxygen fugacity increasing from ΔQFM + 0.9 to ΔQFM + 2.3. The minimum pressure of groundmass crystallization was estimated as 40–60 bar. The primitive melts were formed in a mature island arc or an active continental margin setting by ~13% melting of a DMM-like source. The melting occurred at spinel-facies depths under the influence of a slab-derived fluid at a temperature 25°C below the dry peridotite solidus.

Description: Geological, mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological data are reported for granitoids of the Aturkol Massif (Gorny Altai). It is shown that it was formed in within-plate setting in the Early Triassic, nearly simultaneously with flood basalts of the Kuznetsk Basin and alkalic basite and lampropyre dike swarms in the western Altai-Sayan Fold Region. At the same time, the mineralogical-petrographic, geochemical, and isotope characteristics of the considered granitoids are close to those of I-type granites. Intraplate signatures (elevated HFSE and REE) are recognized only in the least silicic rocks (granosyenites). Obtained data suggest mantle–crustal nature of the granitoids. They were formed by mixing of lamprophyre magmas with high pressure (〉10 kbar) crustal melts derived from a mixed source consisting mainly of N-MORB-type metabasites with insignificant admixture of high-Ti basalts and metasedimentary rocks. The contribution of mantle component in the granitoids was insignificant (〈20%). Proposed petrogenetic mechanism can provide the formation of large volumes of granitoid magmas with “crustal” geochemical and isotope signatures in an intraplate setting.

Description: The rift system of the Dnieper–Donets trough (DDT) is the largest magmatic area in the East European Platform. Basalts of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif (VCM) are spatially constrained to the eastern shoulder of DDT and occur far away (at a distance of 150–200 km) from the rift axis. The rocks are hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Vorontsovskii terrane and are grouped in a few fields within an area of 200 × 100 km. Basalts at most of the fields were erupted at the boundary between mid- and late Frasnian time in the Late Devonian and can be studied exclusively in core material recovered by boreholes. Newly obtained mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic-geochemical data show that the Devonian volcanic rocks in VCM are tholeiites ( Bas ) and basaltic andesites/andesites ( ABas ). The geological section was examined most exhaustively in the Novokhopersk area (Borehole 175). The bottom of the vertical section is made up of basaltic andesites and andesites ( ABas ) (thickness 34 m), which rest on an eroded surface of late Frasnian sandstones. The rocks are overlain by a thin (8 m thick) tholeiite sheet ( Bas2 ), which gives way to ABas (13 m) upsection. The top portion of the vertical section is composed of tholeiites with petrography and geochemical evidence of crustal contamination ( Bas1 ) (apparent thickness 5 m). Geochemical parameters of Bas (mg# 42–52 at SiO 2 47–51 wt %) are typical of continental tholeiites. The rocks have ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) 0 = 0.7043–0.7048 and ε Nd (372) = 2.1–3.5. ABas (mg# 28–31 at SiO 2 52–60 wt %) are enriched in Y (48 ppm), and possess Nb/Nb* = 0.7–0.8 and high Zn/Cu = 1.9–2.3. The rocks have ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) 0 = 0.7034–0.7048 and Nd–ε Nd (372) = 0.1. Some portions of Bas melts assimilated the upper crustal material, which was similar to Paleoproterozoic granites, and ABas are contaminated in the lower crust with derivatives of Early Cambrian alkaline mafic melts. Petrographic data and simulations of fractional crystallization show that olivine and high-Mg clinopyroxene were the first to crystallize from the melt. After this, clinopyroxene and plagioclase simultaneously crystallized at temperatures from 1070 to 1020°C in Bas and at 1040–900°C at f O2 below QFM + 1 in ABas . The source of ABas was likely a network of hornblendite or amphibole pyroxenite veins in peridotite in the lithospheric mantle or amphibolized peridotite cumulate in an underplating zone; and Bas were derived from spinel peridotites of an asthenospheric diapir. The setting of the basalts relative to the DDT axis and the asymmetric zoning of magmatism in DDT (with kimberlites and other deep rocks constrained to the western shoulder and tholeiites occurring in the axial part of the rift and its eastern shoulder) can be explained by the model of an asymmetric rift structure with a translithospheric detachment gently dipping beneath VCM.

Description: Dhofar 025 is a lunar highland breccia consisting mainly of anorthositic, with less common noritic, gabbronoritic, and troctolitic material. Rare fragments of low-Ti basalts are present as well, but no KREEP (component enriched in incompatible elements) was found in the meteorite. The cathodoluminescence study of this meteorite showed that its impact–melt matrix contains unusual cathodoluminescent (CL) objects of feldspathic composition, which frequently contain microlites of Fe-Mg spinel (pleonaste). They were presumably formed by impact mixing and melting of olivine and plagioclase with subsequent rapid quenching of the impact melts. Such mixing could happen either during assimilation of anorthosites by picritic/troctolitic magmas or during impact melting of troctolites. The enrichment of CL objects of Dhofar 025 in incompatible trace elements suggests that the mafic component of the impact mixture may be related to the high-magnesium suite rocks, which are frequently enriched in KREEP component. The depletion of CL objects in alkalis indicates their possible relation with residual glasses formed by evaporation. However, the presence of FeO in most objects points to the insignificant extent of evaporation. Thus, evaporation cannot explain the enrichment of the CL objects in Al 2 O 3 and other refractory components, although this process definitely took place in their formation. Their similarity to the lunar pink spinel anorthosites, whose existence was predicted from orbital data, serves as an argument in support of the possible formation of the latters by impact mixing.

Description: Experimental data on amphibole crystallization in water-saturated high-Mg andesite from Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, at 2, 3, and 5 kbar were used to calibrate a new geobarometer. The main parameters chosen to indicate the crystallization pressure of equilibrium amphibole is the ratio of tetrahedrally coordinated Al to the sum (Ti 4+ + Fe 3+ ), which is calculated by the 13eCNK technique with regard for crystal chemical considerations. The newly derived geobarometer is designed to evaluate pressure in the range of 2–12 kbar using amphibole from high-Mg andesite and basalt. The accuracy and reliability of the pressure estimates by the new geobarometer were tested by applying this geobarometer in studying amphibolized ultramafic xenoliths from the Dish Hill dike, California; magmatic amphibole hosted in cortlandite from the Shanuch intrusion, Kamchatka; and magmatic amphibole in the Pekul’ney Bay area, Chukotka. All estimates made with the newly developed geobarometer were reasonably close to values obtained by independent techniques.

Description: Mantle xenoliths (lherzolites, clinopyroxene dunites, wehrlites, and clinopyroxenites) in the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Makhtesh Ramon (alkali olivine basalts, basanites, and nephelinites) represent metasomatized mantle, which served as a source of basaltic melts. The xenoliths bear signs of partial melting and previous metasomatic transformations. The latter include the replacement of orthopyroxene by clinopyroxene in the lherzolites and, respectively, the wide development of wehrlites and olivine clinopyoroxenites. Metasomatic alteration of the peridotites is accompanied by a sharp decrease in Mg, Cr, and Ni, and increase of Ti, Al, Ca contents and 3+ Fe/ 2+ Fe ratio, as well as the growth of trace V, Sc, Zr, Nb, and Y contents. The compositional features of the rocks such as the growth of 3+ Fe/ 2+ Fe and the wide development of Ti-magnetite in combination with the complete absence of sulfides indicate the high oxygen fugacity during metasomatism and the low sulfur concentration, which is a distinctive signature of fluid mode during formation of the Makhtesh Ramon alkali basaltic magma. Partial melting of peridotites and clinopyroxenites is accompanied by the formation of basanite or alkali basaltic melt. Clino- and orthopyroxenes are subjected to melting. The crystallization products of melt preserved in the mantle rock are localized in the interstices and consist mainly of fine-grained clinopyroxene, which together with Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, amphibole, rhenite, feldspar, and nepheline, is cemented by glass corresponding to quartz–orthopyroxene, olivine–orthopyroxene, quartz–feldspar, or nepheline–feldspar mixtures of the corresponding normative minerals. The mineral assemblages of xenoliths correspond to high temperatures. The high-Al and high-Ti clinopyroxene, calcium olivine, feldspar, and feldspathoids, amphibole, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite are formed at 900–1000°. The study of melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from xenoliths indicate liquidus temperatures of 1200–1250°C, solidus temperatures of 1000–1100°C, and pressure of 5.9–9.5 kbar. Based on the amphibole–plagioclase barometer, amphibole and coexisting plagioclase were crystallized in clinopyroxenites at 6.5–7.0 kbar.

Description: The paper presents data on the composition of olivine macrocrysts from two Devonian kimberlite pipes in the Arkhangelsk diamond province: the Grib pipe (whose kimberlite belongs to type I) and Pionerskaya pipe (whose kimberlite is of type II, i.e., orangeite). The dominant olivine macrocrysts in kimberlites from the two pipes significantly differ in geochemical and isotopic parameters. Olivine macrocrysts in kimberlite from the Grib pipe are dominated by magnesian (Mg# = 0.92–0.93), Ti-poor (Ti 〈 70 ppm) olivine possessing low Ti/Na (0.05–0.23), Zr/Nb (0.28–0.80), and Zn/Cu (3–20) ratios and low Li concentrations (1.2–2.0 ppm), and the oxygen isotopic composition of this olivine δ 18 O = 5.64‰ is higher than that of olivine in mantle peridotites (δ 18 O = 5.18 ± 0.28‰). Olivine macrocrysts in kimberlite from the Pionerskaya pipe are dominated by varieties with broadly varying Mg# = 0.90–0.93, high Ti concentrations (100–300 ppm), high ratios Ti/Na (0.90–2.39), Zr/Nb (0.31–1.96), and Zn/Cu (12–56), elevated Li concentrations (1.9–3.4 ppm), and oxygen isotopic composition δ 18 O = 5.34‰ corresponding to that of olivine in mantle peridotites. The geochemical and isotopic traits of low-Ti olivine macrocrysts from the Grib pipe are interpreted as evidence that the olivine interacted with carbonate-rich melts/fluids. This conclusion is consistent with the geochemical parameters of model melt in equilibrium with the low-Ti olivine that are similar to those of deep carbonatite melts. Our calculations indicate that the variations in the δ 18 O of the olivine relative the “mantle range” (toward both higher and lower values) can be fairly significant: from 4 to 7‰ depending on the composition of the carbonate fluid. These variations were formed at interaction with carbonate fluid, whose δ 18 O values do not extend outside the range typical of mantle carbonates. The geochemical parameters of high-Ti olivine macrocrysts from the Grib pipe suggest that their origin was controlled by the silicate (water–silicate) component. This olivine is characterized by a zoned Ti distribution, with the configuration of this distribution between the cores of the crystals and their outer zones showing that the zoning of the cores and outer zones is independent and was produced during two episodes of reaction interaction between the olivine and melt/fluid. The younger episode (when the outer zone was formed) likely involved interaction with kimberlite melt. The transformation of the composition of the cores during the older episode may have been of metasomatic nature, as follows from the fact that the composition varies from grain to grain. The metasomatic episode most likely occurred shortly before the kimberlite melt was emplaced and was related to the partial melting of pyroxenite source material.

Description: New mineralogical, geochemical, and isotope data in combination with numerical modeling were used to reconstruct the physicochemical and geodynamic conditions of the formation of Pleistocene basalts of Kunashir Island. Although they are petrologically close to the Holocene basalts of Tyatya Volcano, their eruption occurred during a brief period of island arc extension, which was accompanied by the high degree melting of mantle wedge asthenosphere. Numerous geological, petrological, and paleogeographical data testify that Pleistocene is an important stage in the geodynamic reorganization of the Kuril island arc. This stage was responsible for uplifting of the southern islands above sea level accompanied by catastrophic endogenous events, deformation, topographic reorganization of the large area of the Sea of Japan and adjacent land, and final folding stage in the West Sakhalin Mountains.

Description: Condensate glasses of two types were found during the SEM and TEM investigation of zhamanshinite samples within volumetrically dominant melt glass: silica-rich glasses similar to irghizite-type condensates and moderately silicic sodium-rich glasses deposited in voids in zhamanshinites. The latter are characterized by globular morphology, high contents of volatile components, and presence of inclusions a few hundred nanometers in size. The differences of the zhamanshinite-type condensate glasses from irghizitetype condensates are related to their slower cooling and closeness of the pore space system. The results of the investigation of melt glasses of various color groups from the same samples are presented for comparison. The glasses of each group appeared to be homogeneous at the SEM level, but inhomogeneous at the TEM scale.