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  • Articles  (468)
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  • Articles  (468)
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  • 11
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    Effect of the Asphaltene, Resin, and Wax Contents on the Physicochemical Properties and Quality Parameters of Crude Oils (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: On the basis of published reference data on crude oils recovered from more than 300 Russian oilfields, the effect of the concentrations of paraffin waxes, resins, and asphaltenes on oil properties has been analyzed. There are correlations between the oil density, viscosity and the resin content, whereas the amount of asphaltenes (along with resins) has a greater effect on the oil quality characteristics, such as sulfur content, coke and petroleum diesel yields. Crystallizable paraffins do not have a significant effect on the properties of the oils, the pour point of which does not depend explicitly on the composition.
    Print ISSN: 0965-5441
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 12
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    Enhancement of the Fischer–Tropsch process for producing long-chain hydrocarbons on a cobalt–alumina–silica gel catalyst (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The effects of the H 2 /CO ratio, pressure, temperature, and the reaction-gas recycle ratio on the selectivity for hydrocarbons (HCs), including long-chain C 35+ HCs, in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over a supported industrial cobalt–silica gel catalyst have been studied. The synthesis parameters have been as follows: a pressure of 2.0 or 6.0 MPa, an H 2 /CO ratio of 1–5, a recycle ratio of 2–6, a temperature of 150–240°C, and a gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h −1 . It has been shown that gas recycling provides thermal stability in the catalyst bed, significantly increases the yield of C 35+ HCs, and makes it possible to control the group and fractional composition of the synthesis products.
    Print ISSN: 0965-5441
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
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    Hydroconversion of Oil Shale on Natural Mineral Matrices (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The hydroconversion of high-sulfur oil shale in the presence of natural mineral matrices: shale ash, sandstone, and clay has been investigated. It has been shown that mineral matrices containing clays and iron exhibit catalytic activity during the hydroconversion of oil shales. Due to this activity, a significant reduction in the sulfur and nitrogen content and an increase in the amount of light fractions in the resulting synthetic oil are achieved.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Steam reforming of dimethyl ether using a membrane-catalytic reactor (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: It has been found that during the steam reforming of dimethyl ether into synthesis gas using a porous ceramic Ni–Co-containing membrane catalytic converter, an increased hydrogen yield with H 2 /CO = 15–20 is reached at T = 450–500°C. Reforming in a hybrid membrane reactor with a Pd–Ru alloy membrane integrated into the reaction volume provides recovery of ultrapure hydrogen up to 50% at a temperature of 500–700°C.
    Print ISSN: 0965-5441
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    Direct conversion of ethanol and fusel oils to alkane–aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of a pilot Pd–Zn/TsVM catalyst (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The conversion of ethanol and fusel oils to a С 3 –С 12 alkane–aromatic fraction with high activity and selectivity in the presence of the Pd–Zn/TsVM pilot catalyst has been demonstrated. It has been shown that the ethanol conversion to alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of this catalyst proceeds by various routes to give ethylene and diethyl ether as intermediate products providing a 90–95% yield on the converted ethanol carbon basis for the target С 3 –С 12 fraction containing up to 40% of branched alkanes.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Nanoheterogeneous Catalytic Cotransformation of Polyatomic Alcohols and Carbamides (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The interaction of ethylene glycol and glycerol with carbamide in the presence of nanosized cobalt oxide obtained by the decomposition of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate in diphenyl ether is studied. The average size of the nanosized catalyst particles is 8–10 nm. The effect of nanoheterogeneous catalysis on the cyclocondensation of polyatomic alcohols with carbamide is investigated. A high capacity of the nanosized catalyst in this process is found 150 g(cyclic carbonate)/(g(catalyst) h), which is more than 100 times higher than the capacity of conventional catalysts.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Peroxide Oxidative Desulfurization of Crude Petroleum (2018)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The oxidative desulfurization of crude petroleum from the Maiorskoe field (Orenburg oblast, Russia) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of organic and inorganic acids has been studied. A procedure for the recovery of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds from the petroleum by extracting the oxidation products with polar solvents ( N , N -dimethylformamide, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or methanol) or thermal decomposition of oxidized sulfur compounds has been selected. As a result of the oxidative desulfurization, up to 80% total sulfur is recovered from the petroleum, with the change in the physicochemical characteristics of the petroleum being insignificant.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 18
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    Synthesis of Low-Pour-Point Diesel Fuel in the Presence of a Composite Cobalt-Containing Catalyst (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Production of synthetic diesel fuel by the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) method in the presence of a composite catalyst prepared by mechanically mixing 35 wt % Co/SiO 2 , 30 wt % HZSM-5, and 30 wt % Al 2 O 3 has been studied. The catalyst has been characterized by the H 2 TPR, H 2 TPD, NH 3 TPD, XRD, SEM, and TEM methods. Catalytic properties have been studied in a fixed-bed flow reactor at 2 MPa and a GHSV of 1000 h –1 in the temperature range of 230–250°C. The highest efficiency and C 5+ HC selectivity values of 130 kg/(m 3 h) and 72.5%, respectively, are achieved at 250°C. The low-temperature properties of the synthetic diesel fuel meet the requirements for winter diesel.
    Print ISSN: 0965-5441
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Study of the pyrolysis of solid organic polymers by their heating with metal melt (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: The kinetics of the pyrolysis of solid organic polymers by their heating with a gas or a metal melt have been studied. The design features of a small-sized pyrolysis unit for organic polymers have been determined. The pyrolysis process on this unit has been experimentally substantiated. The specifics of the processes of “conventional” pyrolysis in the gaseous heat carrier and the pyrolysis of organic polymers in a lead melt have been revealed. It has been shown that the resulting pyrolysis liquid can be used as a feedstock for the production of the expensive organic solvent limonene or synthetic oil similar in properties to domestic crude oil.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
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    Synthesis of pour point depressant for heavy oil from waste organic glass (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a substitute for glass, known as organic glass. During the processing and after use, there are amount of castoff. Based on the similar framework, PMMA could be useful feed stock to synthesis poly methacrylamide (PMAA) used for crude oil additive. In this work PMAA was prepared by aminolysis reaction of PMMA and aliphatic amines. The performance of PMAA on heavy oil was evaluated as pour point depressant as well as paraffin inhibiter. The highest pour point reduction depression was achieved as 12.1°С with the dosage of 600 ppm PMAA 1. Differential scanning calorimetry and paraffin crystal morphology studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of pour point reduction.
    Print ISSN: 0965-5441
    Electronic ISSN: 1555-6239
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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