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  • 11
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    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2018-05-20
    Description: Publication date: July 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science, Volume 156 Author(s): Mihály Horányi, S. Alan Stern
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2018-05-20
    Description: Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): I.V. Florinsky, A.S. Garov, I.P. Karachevtseva We developed a web system of virtual morphometric globes for Mars and the Moon. As the initial data, we used 15-arc-minutes gridded global digital elevation models (DEMs) extracted from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) gridded archives. We derived global digital models of sixteen morphometric variables including horizontal, vertical, minimal, and maximal curvatures, as well as catchment area and topographic index. The morphometric models were integrated into the web system developed as a distributed application consisting of a client front-end and a server back-end. The following main functions are implemented in the system: (1) selection of a morphometric variable; (2) two-dimensional visualization of a calculated global morphometric model; (3) 3D visualization of a calculated global morphometric model on the sphere surface; (4) change of a globe scale; and (5) globe rotation by an arbitrary angle. Free, real-time web access to the system is provided. The web system of virtual morphometric globes can be used for geological and geomorphological studies of Mars and the Moon at the global, continental, and regional scales.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 13
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    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2018-05-20
    Description: Publication date: July 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science, Volume 156
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2018-05-20
    Description: Publication date: Available online 19 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): X.M. Sha, A.M. Du, H. Luo, Y.S. Ge, Y. Zhang Spring-Autumnal asymmetry (SA asymmetry) from years 1873–2010 in the geomagnetic activity is investigated based on the geomagnetic indices (aa, Ap and Kp). Results have shown that in general the SA asymmetry of the geomagnetic activity appears to be alternation, except for the interval during which the change of dominant solar dipole magnetic field polarity occurs. Our study implies that both the polarity of the main solar dipole field and the north-south asymmetry of the sunspot area in the two solar hemispheres control the strength of the south component ( Bs ) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) near the Earth and the resulting SA asymmetry of the geomagnetic activity in the corresponding seasons. A simple sector structure model is devised to establish the relationship between the polarity of solar main dipole magnetic field, the IMF Bs component and the corresponding SA asymmetry in the geomagnetic activity. This is confirmed by examining the solar wind parameters from the spacecraft observations during the recent decades.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 15
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    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2018-05-19
    Description: Publication date: June 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science, Volume 155
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2018-05-19
    Description: Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): T.Gordon Wasilewski Mid-latitude shallow ice deposits are an abundant feature in Utopia Planitia confirmed by SHARAD georadar. Thick ice-rich subsurface makes establishing a temporal or permanent human presence on Mars more likely because water is within reach of existing sampling technologies and conceptual production mechanisms. Although such technologies have been studied, a comparison method is needed to quantify their projected results. Herein the paper presents geological and thermal model of icy regolith created to measure water sampling and production efficiency. Various regolith and volatile sampling systems are standardized and compared using efficiency factor ε . For production purposes, heat transfer is studied for down-hole and beamed energy sources, seeking for an effective heating radius for ice sublimation. Paper concludes with the chosen system for Martian subsurface water acquisition.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2018-05-19
    Description: Publication date: June 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science, Volume 155 Author(s): A. Coustenis, S. Atreya, J. Castillo-Rogez, I. Mueller-Wodarg, L. Spilker, G. Strazzulla
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2018-05-18
    Description: Publication date: Available online 17 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): Julio A. Fernández, Michel Helal, Tabaré Gallardo We numerically study the dynamical evolution of observed samples of active and inactive Centaurs and clones that reach the Jupiter-Saturn region. Our aim is to compare the evolution between active and inactive Centaurs, their end states and their transfer to Jupiter family comets and Halley-type comets. We find that the median lifetime of inactive Centaurs is about twice longer than that for active Centaurs, suggesting that activity is related to the residence time in the region. This view is strengthened by the observation that high-inclination and retrograde Centaurs (Tisserand parameters with respect to Jupiter T J 〈 2 ) which have the longest median dynamical lifetime ( = 1.37 × 10 6 yr) are all inactive. We also find that the perihelion distances of some active, comet-like Centaurs have experienced drastic drops of a few au in the recent past ( ∼ 10 2 − 10 3 yr), while such drops are not found among inactive Centaurs. Inactive Centaurs with T J ≲ 2.5 usually evolve to Halley-type comets, whereas inactive Centaurs with T J ≳ 2.5 and active Centaurs (that also have T J ≳ 2.5 ) evolve almost always to Jupiter family comets and very seldom to Halley type comets. Inactive Centaurs are also more prone to end up as sungrazers, and both inactive and active Centaurs transit through different mean motion resonances (generally with Jupiter) during their evolution.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2018-05-18
    Description: Publication date: Available online 16 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): Tao Chen, Jungang Lei, Mianjun Ma The Electric Field Detector (EFD) for space ionosphere electric field measurement is described. The EFD is one of the payloads of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) space mission. The EFD measures the variation of the ionosphere electric field due to perturbations from solar, seismic and anthropic phenomena in a wideband from dc up to 3.5 MHz. The EFD will fly on board of the CSES, scheduled to be launched in February 2018. In order to investigate plasma performance of the EFD, the plasma parameters are measured with a Langmuir Probe(LP) and Retarding Potential Analyzers(RPA) in a simulated ionospheric plasma environment. The relevant quantities are obtained as a function of the plasma parameters (i.e. plasma density, electron temperature and ion mass) and system parameters like the orbital velocity, the probe dimensions, the photoelectron current emission and the bias current injected into the probes by the internal constant current source. Here is presented plasma characteristics of the EFD probe. The plasma coupling currents of the EFD probe are calculated analytically. The potential of the EFD probe is measured and calculated analytically.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2018-05-16
    Description: Publication date: Available online 14 May 2018 Source: Planetary and Space Science Author(s): James Mortimer, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, James Carpenter The study outlined in this article was carried out within the framework of ESA's PROSPECT programme, which will provide both a sample drill and miniaturised mass spectrometer system for flight on-board the planned Russian Luna-27 mission to the lunar south pole. There, it aims to collect samples of regolith, containing water ice and other volatiles, and to make isotopic and abundance measurements to fingerprint the source(s) of these volatile species. However, it is necessary to first consider how any localised temperature increases during sample acquisition activities may result in water ice loss via sublimation and thus isotopic modification of the remaining residual ice. To attempt to address these concerns, a suite of sublimation experiments was conducted at the Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, where a method for performing such experiments was already established (Lécuyer et al., 2017). The results of this work will help to inform modelling which will extrapolate the data down to lunar-relevant conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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