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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): Biogeography ; geographic variation ; taxonomy ; Amazilia ; Trochilidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie stellt die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zur Biogeographie, geographischen Variation, Habitatwahl und Taxonomie der Lesson-Amazilie (Amazilia amazilia) vor. Das Taxon umfaßt gegenwärtig fünf Unterarten, die von W-Ecuador bis SW-Peru verbreitet sind und überwiegend submontane Lebensräume besiedeln. Die Ventralfärbung unterliegt klinaler Variation; weiße Gefiederanteile nehmen von nördlichen zu südlichen Populationen ab, rotbraune Partien dagegen zu. Eigenständige morphologisch-morphometrische Kennzeichen sowie Unterschiede in den Habitatpräferenzen und in der Gesangsstruktur rechtfertigen es, die bisherige UnterartA. a. alticola als Paraspezies (A. alticola, Loja-Amazilie) anzuerkennen. Der Vulgärname weist auf den rezenten Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in den südecuadorianischen Anden hin. Aufgrund der engen Verwandtschaft bildenA. amazilia undA. alticola sowie die in Kolumbien endemische ArtA. castaneiventris eine Superspezies.
    Notizen: Summary This paper reviews the biogeography, geographic variation, and habitat characteristics of the Amazilia Hummingbird (Amazilia amazilia). Based on morphological features, habitat preferences, and bioacoustics, I propose that the currently recognized subspeciesA. a. alticola should be regarded as a species distinct fromA. amazilia. Synapomorphic characters found in both taxa indicate membership of the same superspecies, together with the Colombian speciesA. castaneiventris. Considering the distributional focus ofA. alticola in the Andes of southern Ecuador, the English species name Loja Hummingbird is suggested.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 141 (2000), S. 275-284 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): East Asia ; taxonomy ; species delimitation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Über die Gliederung der ostasiatischen Dickschnabelkrähen (Corvus macrorhynchos s.l.) in Biospezies besteht bisher keine einhellige Meinung. In dem großen Verbreitungsgebiet zwischen Indien, Japan und Timor werden gegenwärtig eine, zwei oder drei Arten anerkannt. Hier versuchen wir, in akustischen Merkmalen artanzeigende Merkmale zu finden. Eine Diskriminanzanalyse der Rufstruktur (76 Parameter) trennt dreiCorvus-Taxa (levaillantii undjaponensis aus der ‘macrorhynchos-Gruppe’,splendens) von der Südabdachung des Himalaya (Nepal, Kashmir) vollständig voneinander. BeiC. japonensis bleiben die trennenden Merkmale über große geographische Gebiete konstant. Die akustischen Unterschiede werden als taxonomisch relevant angesehen; sie zeigen Artgrenzen an. Folglich werden die Dickschnabelkrähen aus den Tief- und Hochlagen Nepals (Kontaktzone um 2 000 m) zwei Biospezies zugeordnet (C. japonensis undC. levaillantii), in Übereinstimmung mit morphologischen, ökologischen und parasitologischen Daten. Taxonomische Extrapolation der Befunde auf die Systematik anderer ‘macrorhynchos’-Populationen erscheint über die Rufstruktur (bis zum Fernen Osten Rußlands) und über Federling-Parasiten (Mallophaga) auf große Teile SO-Asiens möglich, bedarf aber für die stimmlichen Merkmale noch weiterer Klärung. Wahrscheinlich müssen immacrorhynchos-Komplex mindestens drei biologische Arten anerkannt werden (C. japonensis, C. levaillantii, C. macrorhynchos s. str.).
    Notizen: Summary A discriminant analysis of the call structure completely separates threeCorvus taxa (levaillantii andjaponensis of the ‘macrorhynchos group’,splendens) inhabiting the southern slopes of the Himalayas (Nepal, Kashmir). The acoustic differences are considered taxonomically relevant, indicating species boundaries. Therefore the Jungle Crows of lower and upper Nepal (contact zone at around 2,000 m) are assigned to two biospecies (C. japonensis andC. levaillantii), as is consistent with morphological, ecological and parasitological data. It appears possible to extrapolate the findings regarding call structure to the systematics of other ‘macrorhynchos’ populations as distant as the Russian Far East, and those regarding mallophagan parasites to large areas of SE Asia; regarding the vocal characteristics, however, further clarification is needed.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Conservation genetics 1 (2000), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 1572-9737
    Schlagwort(e): mitochondrial DNA ; phylogeny ; phylogeography ; speciation ; species concepts ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 27-70 
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Schlagwort(e): ants ; E. O. Wilson ; Ernst Mayr ; systematics ; Systematics and the Origin of Species ; taxonomy ; William L. Brown ; William Morton Wheeler ; William Steel Creighton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geschichte
    Notizen: Abstract Ideas about the natural world are intertwined with the personalities, practices, and the workplaces of scientists. The relationships between these categories are explored in the life of the taxonomist William Steel Creighton. Creighton studied taxonomy under William Morton Wheeler at Harvard University. He took the rules he learned from Wheeler out of the museum and into the field. In testing the rules against a new situation, Creighton found them wanting. He sought a new set of taxonomic principles, one he eventually found in Ernst Mayr's Systematics and the Origin of Species. Mayr's ideas tied together a number of themes running through Creighton's life: the need for a revised taxonomy, the emphasis on fieldwork, and the search for a new power center for ant taxonomy after Wheeler died. Creighton's adoption of Mayr's ideas as part of his professional identity also had very real implications for his career path: field studies required long and intensive studies, and Creighton would always be a slow worker. His method of taxonomy contrasted sharply not only with Wheeler's but also with two of his younger colleagues, William L. Brown and E. O. Wilson, who took over Wheeler's spot at Harvard in 1950. The disputes between these men over ant taxonomy involved, in addition to questions of technical interest, questions about where and how best to do taxonomy and who could speak withthe most authority. Creighton's story reveals how these questions are interrelated. The story also reveals the importance of Mayr's book for changes occurring in taxonomy in the middle of the twentieth century.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Agaricales ; Clitocybe trogioides var.odorifera ; Gerronema nemorale ; Psathyrella cineraria ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two new species and one new variety of Agaricales are described and illustrated from central Honshu, Japan:Clitocybe trogioides var.odorifera var. nov. (subgenusCystoclitus sectionCystoclitus), forming white, infundibuliform basidiomata, was collected from leaf litter in theQuercus-Pasania forests;Gerronema nemorale sp. nov. (sectionXanthophylla), forming small, olivaceous, omphalinoid basidiomata, was found on dead fallen twigs in theQuercus-Pasania forests;Psathyrella cineraria sp. nov. (subgenusMycophylla sectionArgillosporae), forming basidiomata covered by detersile, dark grey, fibrillose-squamulose veil, was found on decayed wood ofQuercus myrsinaefolia.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Diaporthe kyushuensis ; grapevine swelling arm ; Phomopsis vitimegaspora ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diaporthe kyushuensis sp. nov. is described and named as the teleomorph of causal fungus of grapevine swelling arm. The anamorph of the fungus isPhomopsis vitimegaspora.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): distribution ; Pinus ; Quercus ; taxonomy ; Uredinales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Asian pine gall rust, which has hitherto been assigned toCronartium quercuum distributed in North America, is described asC. orientale, sp. nov. The spermogonial and aecial states occur on hard pines, and the uredinial and telial states occur on various oaks.Cronartium orientale has globose, almost hyaline basidiospores in contrast to the ellipsoid, yellow-orange ones of North AmericanC. quercuum s.l. Characteristics of the new rust species in morphology, DNA analysis, and host alternation are discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Leptographium ; morphology ; taxonomy ; Tomicus piniperda
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tomicus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are serious pests of pines with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia and America. In Yunnan, south-western China,T. piniperda has destroyed more than 0.5 million ha ofPinus yunnanensis in the past 15 years. A blue stain fungus belonging to the genusLeptographium is associated with both the shoot-feeding and trunk-attacking stages of the beetle's life cycle. The fungus is morphologically similar to the anamorph ofOphiostoma crassivaginatum and toL. pyrinum, which are both characterised by short robust conidiophores and hyphae covered by a granular layer. Both these species have been isolated from conifers and are associated with insects. After comparing the fungus fromT. piniperda with similarLeptographium species, using light and scanning electron microscopy, we concluded that it represents a new taxon, which is described here asL. yunnanense sp. nov.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 15 (2000), S. 349-388 
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Schlagwort(e): cline ; definition ; deme ; evolutionary synthesis ; experimental taxonomy ; J. Heslop-Harrison ; J.S. Huxley ; J.S.L. Gilmour ; nominalism ; systematics ; Systematics Association ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The word ``deme'' was coined by the botanists J.S.L. Gilmour and J.W.Gregor in 1939, following the pattern of J.S. Huxley's ``cline''. Its purposewas not only to rationalize the plethora of terms describing chromosomaland genetic variation, but also to reduce hostility between traditionaltaxonomists and researchers on evolution, who sometimes scorned eachother's understanding of species. A multi-layered system of compoundterms based on deme was published by Gilmour and J. Heslop-Harrison in1954 but not widely used. Deme was adopted with a modified meaning byzoologists leading the evolutionary synthesis – Huxley, Simpson, Wright,and Mayr. Connections are shown between Gilmour's ideas around definingthe deme, his role in founding the Systematics Association, and his chapter``Taxonomy and Philosophy'' in the book The New Systematics. Thishistorical episode raises questions about the role of carefully-definedwords in scientific practice.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 41 (2000), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Cortinarius elatior var.albipes ; Cortinarius Sect.Defibulati ; new variety ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cortinarius elatior var.albipes var. nov., found in the deciduous forest is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from the type variety by having a white stipe and longer spores. The differences betweenCortinarius elatior var.albipes and similar taxa are briefly discussed.
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