Description: The ²³⁴Th-²³⁸U radioactive pair has been extensively used to evaluate the efficiency with which photosyntetically fixed carbon is exported from the surface ocean by means of the biological pump since the 90's. The seminal work of Buesseler et al. (1992) proposed that particulate organic carbon (POC) flux can be indirectly calculated from ²³⁴Th distributions if the ratio of POC to ²³⁴Th measured on sinking particles (POC:²³⁴Th) at the desired export depth is known. Since then, a huge amount of ²³⁴Th depth profiles have been collected using a variety of sampling instruments and strategies that have changed along years. This is a global oceanic compilation of ²³⁴Th measurements, that collects results from innumerable researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 50 years. The present compilation is made of a total 223 datasets: 214 from studies published either in articles in referred journals, PhD thesis or repositories, and 9 unpublished datasets. Including measurements from JGOFS, VERTIGO and GEOTRACES programs, with sampling from approximately 5000 locations spanning all the oceans. The compilation includes total ²³⁴Th profiles, dissolved and particulate ²³⁴Th concentrations, and POC:²³⁴Th ratios (both from pumps and sediment traps) for two sizes classes (1-53 μm and 〈 53 μm) when available. Appropriate metadata have been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth, among others. When available, we also include water temperature, salinity, ²³⁸U data and particulate organic nitrogen data. Data sources and methods information (including ²³⁸U and ²³⁴Th) are also detailed along with valuable information for future data analysis such as bloom stage and steady/non-steady state conditions at the sampling moment. This undertaking is a treasure of data to understand and quantify how oceanic carbon cycle functions and how it will change in future. The compilation can be downloaded in three different ways: 1) A single merged file including all the individual excel files. This option can be accessed under "Other version: More than 50 years of Th-234 data: a comprehensive global oceanic compilation (single xlsx file)". 2) A summary table that includes details from cruise, sampling dates, techniques applied, authors and DOI of the compiled ²³⁴Th data, among others, each line corresponds to a specific dataset. The table can be accessed by clicking ""View dataset as HTML" and downloaded in "Download dataset as tab-delimited text". 3) Individual Excel files for each dataset can be manually chosen from the summary table, corresponding to the complete ²³⁴Th dataset and metadata from a specific publication or program. This option is available by clicking "View dataset as HTML". Furthermore, all files referred to can be downloaded in one go as ZIP or TAR.

Description: Focal Taxa: Laupala, AMC Clade Drosophila, Tetragnatha, and Nesosydne. We assembled comprehensive occurrence datasets of all known records for each of the four lineages (included here), modeled their distributions using Maxent across the entire archipelago, and quantified niche overlap. Final base layers Mean Annual Air Temperature (°C), Mean Annual Rainfall (mm), Vegetation Height (m), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were selected based on optimum AUC values of trial models run. Rasters were obtained for the Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii, Climate of Hawaii, and USGS and resampled to a ~1km by ~1km resolution using smoothing for quantitative variables and nearest neighbor resampling for categorical variables (Giambelluca et al. 2013, Giambelluca et al. 2014, Hawaii Soil Survey 2000). Data presented here are the full set of georeferenced occurrence records, the filtered model inputs, and the final SDM models in ASCII format for each species. See the supplementary material in the corresponding publication (Hiller et al. 2017) for details on the georeferencing protocols used and a list of museum specimen numbers. Note that not all models were included in subsequent analyses due to poor quality (〈3 records as model input or low AUC score).

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring M6 on the upper part (500 m isobath) of the continental slope, just east of the Filchner Trough in the southern Weddell Sea in February 2017 - February 2021. The mooring was deployed during the WAPITI expedition on James Clark Ross (JR16004), and recovered during the COSMUS expedition with Polarstern (PS124). The attached archive contains data from 1 RCM7 (24 meters above bottom (mab herafter) and sampling interval (sint hereafter) 2h), 5 SBE56 (25, 59, 74, 126, 202 mab, sint: 120 s), 3 SBE37 (34, 99, 176 mab, sint: 600 s), 1 RDI ADCP 150 kHz (235 mab, upwardlooking, sint: 1h), 1 SBE39 (15 mab, sint: 900s). Mooring diagrams and information about data processing are provided