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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global patterns and environmental drivers of suitable habitat for Dentex dentex and Sciaena umbra along the Corsican coast
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 79, No. 9 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2461-2472
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 79, No. 9 ( 2022-11-25), p. 2461-2472
    Abstract: Improving the effectiveness of marine spatial management is crucial to preserve marine ecosystems and also to support the fisheries economy. In this study, we aimed to determine the spatial distribution and suitable habitats (spawning and nursery sites) of Sciaena umbra and Dentex dentex using catches data in Corsica Island. Random forest models have been used as they are highly accurate and are suited to predict rare species distribution. Predictive maps of spatial distribution based on presence/absence data showed a high degree of spatial variability between species. Suitable habitats were close to shore in shallow waters for S. umbra and deeper and further offshore for D. dentex. We also observed that spawning sites were mainly located on the west coast, while nursery areas were distributed all around the island for D. dentex. In addition, we demonstrated the important contribution of environmental factors and local habitats (depth and Posidonia oceanica meadows) in the selection of their suitable habitats. Our results provide new knowledge for understanding ecological processes such as the selection of suitable habitats by fish species. Based on this information, spatial mapping can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of resource management over the long term.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsac184
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of food web knowledge in environmental conservation and management of living resources in the Baltic Sea
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 78, No. 8 ( 2021-10-27), p. 2645-2663
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 78, No. 8 ( 2021-10-27), p. 2645-2663
    Abstract: Food webs are central entities mediating processes and external pressures in marine ecosystems. They are essential to understand and predict ecosystem dynamics and provision of ecosystem services. Paradoxically, utilization of food web knowledge in marine environmental conservation and resource management is limited. To better understand the use of knowledge and barriers to incorporation in management, we assess its application related to the management of eutrophication, chemical contamination, fish stocks, and non-indigenous species. We focus on the Baltic, a severely impacted, but also intensely studied and actively managed semi-enclosed sea. Our assessment shows food web processes playing a central role in all four areas, but application varies strongly, from formalized integration in management decisions, to support in selecting indicators and setting threshold values, to informal knowledge explaining ecosystem dynamics and management performance. Barriers for integration are complexity of involved ecological processes and that management frameworks are not designed to handle such information. We provide a categorization of the multi-faceted uses of food web knowledge and benefits of future incorporation in management, especially moving towards ecosystem-based approaches as guiding principle in present marine policies and directives. We close with perspectives on research needs to support this move considering global and regional change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsab145
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fisheries management under climate and environmental uncertainty: control rules and performance simulation
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2014
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2014-10-01), p. 2208-2220
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 71, No. 8 ( 2014-10-01), p. 2208-2220
    Abstract: The ability of management strategies to achieve the fishery management goals are impacted by environmental variation and, therefore, also by global climate change. Management strategies can be modified to use environmental data using the “dynamic B0” concept, and changing the set of years used to define biomass reference points. Two approaches have been developed to apply management strategy evaluation to evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the performance of management strategies. The “mechanistic approach” estimates the relationship between the environment and elements of the population dynamics of the fished species and makes predictions for population trends using the outputs from global climate models. In contrast, the “empirical approach” examines possible broad scenarios without explicitly identifying mechanisms. Many reviewed studies have found that modifying management strategies to include environmental factors does not improve the ability to achieve management goals much, if at all, and only if the manner in which these factors drive the system is well known. As such, until the skill of stock projection models improves, it seems more appropriate to consider the implications of plausible broad forecasts related to how biological parameters may change in the future as a way to assess the robustness of management strategies, rather than attempting specific predictions per se.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fst057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Projecting marine fish production and catch potential in Bangladesh in the 21st century under long-term environmental change and management scenarios
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1357-1369
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 1357-1369
    Abstract: The fisheries sector is crucial to the Bangladeshi economy and wellbeing, accounting for 4.4% of national gross domestic product and 22.8% of agriculture sector production, and supplying ca. 60% of the national animal protein intake. Fish is vital to the 16 million Bangladeshis living near the coast, a number that has doubled since the 1980s. Here, we develop and apply tools to project the long-term productive capacity of Bangladesh marine fisheries under climate and fisheries management scenarios, based on downscaling a global climate model, using associated river flow and nutrient loading estimates, projecting high-resolution changes in physical and biochemical ocean properties, and eventually projecting fish production and catch potential under different fishing mortality targets. We place particular interest on Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), which accounts for ca. 11% of total catches, and Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), a low price fish that is the second highest catch in Bangladesh and is highly consumed by low-income communities. It is concluded that the impacts of climate change, under greenhouse emissions scenario A1B, are likely to reduce the potential fish production in the Bangladesh exclusive economic zone by & lt;10%. However, these impacts are larger for the two target species. Under sustainable management practices, we expect Hilsa shad catches to show a minor decline in potential catch by 2030 but a significant (25%) decline by 2060. However, if overexploitation is allowed, catches are projected to fall much further, by almost 95% by 2060, compared with the Business as Usual scenario for the start of the 21st century. For Bombay duck, potential catches by 2060 under sustainable scenarios will produce a decline of & lt;20% compared with current catches. The results demonstrate that management can mitigate or exacerbate the effects of climate change on ecosystem productivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv217
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2011
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 2011-07-01), p. 1155-1164
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 68, No. 6 ( 2011-07-01), p. 1155-1164
    Abstract: Mundy, P. R., and Evenson, D. F. 2011. Environmental controls of phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon populations of the Yukon River, North America, with application to fishery management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1155–1164. Phenologies of a number of anadromous fish species have been demonstrated to vary in concert with environmental factors that change with global warming, such as water and air temperatures. Anadromous fishery managers will need advice from models of phenology, or migratory timing, as functions of environmental factors in those harvest areas where annual migratory timing can vary sharply. Such models are also necessary to advise fishery managers on how and when global warming projections of the IPCC model ensemble should be factored into regulatory decisions. Specifically, we demonstrate that the annual timing of marine exit of Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at 63°N 165°W for 1961–2009 varied in close concert with modelled sea surface temperature, air temperature, and sea ice cover. The best linear model for 1961–2009 combines sea surface and air temperatures to explain 59% of the annual variability in migratory timing (ice cover is available only for 1970–2009). Changes in phenology of high-latitude Chinook salmon are expected in response to global warming. As average temperatures increase, the frequency of earlier migrations is expected to increase, making management of the fishery more challenging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsr080
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Beyond “not undermining”: possibilities for global cooperation to improve environmental protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2019-04-01), p. 452-456
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2019-04-01), p. 452-456
    Abstract: States have committed to “not undermine” relevant existing legal instruments, bodies, and frameworks in their negotiations over a new, legally binding instrument concerning biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). An agreed interpretation of “not undermine” will most likely be expressed through the institutional model adopted by this new instrument. Potential models should be evaluated in light of limitations on existing regional and sectoral ocean governance organizations, which may suggest governance gaps that the new instrument may fill. This article revisits the textual analysis of “not undermine” undertaken by Scanlon (2018) to explore its implications for the institutional models available to the new instrument. It reviews the practice of regional fishery management organizations as presented by Scanlon to identify areas where the new instrument might address persistent challenges. Finally, it suggests several potential models for the new instrument that might avoid “undermining” whereas improving governance outcomes in ABNJ. It concludes that a global institution with consultative links to existing organizations may provide the most logical means of implementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsy192
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    39 Cow-calf Management Strategies and Their Influence on Environmental Sustainability
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_1 ( 2022-03-08), p. 22-23
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_1 ( 2022-03-08), p. 22-23
    Abstract: Forage and supplemental feed costs remain the overriding factors driving profitability in U.S. cow/calf operations. The cow/calf sector uses 74% of the total feed energy required to produce one pound of carcass weight. Methane is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. The cow/calf sector of beef production accounts for 77 to 81% of enteric methane emissions per unit of carcass weight produced. Reducing feed energy required and methane emissions by the cow/calf segment of the beef production system will improve economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Most of the beef production cycle occurs on land not suitable for raising crops. Of the 2.3 billion acres available in the United States, about 655 million acres (29%) are classified as grassland pasture and rangeland, and 316 million acres (14%) are identified as parks and wildlife areas, some of which are grazed. Therefore, improving forage utilization efficiency would have a wide-reaching impact on U.S. food security and profitability of cow/calf enterprises. Beef production is a critical component in U.S. and global food security because cattle upcycle poorly digestible plant components and food waste products into high-quality human edible protein. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding biological variation and genetic components of feed efficiency in growing animals consuming energy-dense mixed diets during the post-weaning phase. Much less is known about within-animal variation of forage utilization efficiency for beef cows consuming moderate to low-quality forage diets common to most cow/calf production systems. Considerable evidence indicates the existence of an environment by genetic interaction for feed efficiency. More rapid progress in forage utilization efficiency and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions could be made by studying forage utilization efficiency directly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac028.043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Incorporating environmental forcing in developing ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 500-514
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 500-514
    Abstract: This study incorporated two pathways of environmental forcing (i.e. “larval mortality forcing” and “somatic growth forcing”) into an end-to-end ecosystem model (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystEms, OSMOSE) developed for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) off western Canada, in order to evaluate alternative fisheries management strategies under environmental changes. With a suite of ecosystem-level indicators, the present study first compared the ecosystem effects of different pathways of environmental forcing scenarios; and then evaluated the alternative fisheries management strategies which encompassed a series of fishing mortality rates relative to FMSY (the fishing mortality rate that produces maximum sustainable yield) and a set of precautionary harvest control rules (HCRs). The main objectives of this study were to (i) explore the ecosystem effects of different environmental forcing scenarios; (ii) identify the impacts of different fishing mortality rates on marine ecosystem structure and function; and (iii) evaluate the ecosystem-level performance of various levels of precautionary HCRs. Results indicated that different pathways of environmental forcing had different ecosystem effects and incorporating appropriate HCRs in the fisheries management process could help maintain ecosystem health and sustainable fisheries. This study provides important information on future fisheries management options within similar marine ecosystems that are facing global changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz246
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    72 Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Swine Growing-Finishing Feeding Programs Using Different Amounts of Soybean Meal, Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, and Crystalline Amino Acids
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 27-28
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-04-12), p. 27-28
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the environmental impact, using life-cycle assessment (LCA) analysis, of 4 different, 4-phase growing-finishing feeding programs consisting of diets containing corn and soybean meal (CSBM), low protein CSBM supplemented with crystalline amino acids (LP), CSBM with 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and DDGS supplemented with crystalline Ile, Val, and Trp (DDGS+IVT). The LCA analysis was performed using an online software application (Opteinics, BASF, Lampertheim, Germany) with calculations based on environmental impact factors from the Global Feed LCA Institute feed ingredient database. The specific model included impacts of feed production, animal farming, manure management, and meat processing. Environmental impacts were calculated at the farm gate and the functional unit was 1,000 kg of carcass weight. Diet composition, growth performance, and carcass data obtained from a feeding trial were used as inputs in the LCA calculations. Using CSBM as the reference feeding program (Table 1), the LP feeding program resulted in an overall decrease in impacts associated with acidification (10.9%), water use (7.6%), and land use (9.8%), but increased impacts associated with climate change (3.3%) and fossil resource use (3.7%). Both DDGS and DDGS+IVT feeding programs increased impact on climate change (18.4-18.7%), fossil resource use (42.7-47.3%), and water use (47.2-50.0%), but decreased impacts associated with acidification (3.0-3.4%) and land use (27.2-27.3%) compared with the CSBM feeding program. Overall, the LP feeding program resulted in the lowest total environmental footprint (1.0776 person years), followed by the CSBM (1.1081 person years), DDGS+IVT (1.1845 person years), and DDGS (1.1884 person years) feeding programs. These results indicate that feeding CSBM diets without and with crystalline amino acids have less impact on climate change, water use, fossil resource use, and total environmental footprint than DDGS feeding programs per 1,000 kg of pork carcass weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac064.044
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490550-4
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Global trends in sustainability rating assessment systems and their role in achieving sustainable urban communities in Saudi Arabia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2021-09-29), p. 882-893
    Details
    In: International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2021-09-29), p. 882-893
    Abstract: Sustainability as a concept is tackled a lot in contemporary urbanism due to its importance; consequently, this led to the development of global trends toward achieving it. The current research attempts to identify how sustainability could be achieved in urban design and how to comply with the global concerns. This paper tackles the experiences of the global trends toward sustainability concepts in terms of its application by examining a range of contemporary global urban examples. It depends on a comparative analytical assessment using the ‘Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for Neighborhood Development, LEED-ND’ assessment system in order to address the criteria measuring the sustainability indicators for these examples. These criteria are mainly grouped under the following categories: sustainable planning and design, water management, energy management, waste management, transportation and construction materials and resources. The research mainly aims to identify strategies and criteria assisting in achieving sustainability concept and implementation in urbanism at international level and their role in achieving sustainable urban settlements in Saudi Arabia. In order to achieve this aim, the research methodology includes the following: review of the global sustainability assessment tools, review of the ‘LEED-ND’ assessment system, analytical comparative assessment of ‘King Abdullah University of Science and Technology’ and ‘Masdar City’ according to the ‘LEED-ND’ system as case studies and identifying strategies and criteria that achieve sustainability in urban design and planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-1325
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ijlct/ctab018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2296036-3
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