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  • Articles  (603)
  • Oxford University Press  (603)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (603)
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  • Articles  (603)
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  • 1
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    Dynamic thermal modelling of horizontal ground-source heat pumps (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: A computer program has been developed for numerical simulation of the dynamic thermal performance of horizontally coupled heat exchangers for ground-source heat pumps, taking account of dynamic variations of climatic, load and soil conditions. The program was used to investigate the effects of operating and start times, installation depth and soil freezing on the heat exchanger performance. It is shown that the rate of heat extraction decreases with increasing operating time. Operating a heat pump with an earlier start date in autumn would give rise to a higher amount of cumulative heat extraction. Also, a heat exchanger installed at a shallower depth can provide a larger heat extraction rate at the early stage of heating operation. In addition, soil freezing enhances heat extraction.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Characterization of heat transport processes in geothermal systems (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: Experimental field tests as well as laboratory tests have been conducted. In addition to field tests, a geothermal laboratory device has been developed. With the help of this device, the heat transport processes in different geological and hydrogeological conditions can be simulated. The different types of heat transport mechanisms in geothermal systems can be characterized clearly. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the increase of the effective thermal conductivity of a line source with rising groundwater flow velocities. With the geothermal data gathered, common numerical programs are verified and optimized. Therefore, all measured data are reconsidered by numerical back analysis.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    A preliminary testing of a flat panel ground heat exchanger (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: An experimental setup is devised to investigate the behaviour of a novel type of a horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHE). The prototype is named ‘flat panel’ and is coupled with a hydraulic closed loop in which warm water is circulating to express the cooling mode from a reversible-cycle heat pump. Several thermal sensors are employed in the experimental field to monitor the ground temperature distribution and the fluid. The behaviour was tested during the summer of 2011, in the continuous and discontinuous operating mode. The HGHE behaviour was monitored in dry and wet conditions; the latter were induced with a dedicated irrigation system. The heat power for the unit exchanging surface dropped down from 140 to 40 W per metre of trench, moving from the start-up to the last period, late in the summer. The minimum was achieved in very hot conditions after long time in the continuous operating mode. When the working mode was switched to discontinuous, the power increased quickly over 50 W/m. Finally, the soil temperature was significantly altered up to 3 m far from the exchanger, and without over-heating conditions at the soil surface. The flat panel was able to involve a large soil volume, and this behaviour in turn enables high-energy performance, at least in the cooling mode.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Thermochemical energy storage technologies for building applications: a state-of-the-art review (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: This paper presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review on thermochemical energy storage (ES) technologies using thermochemical materials (TCMs) for building applications. Thermochemical storage devices (materials, open and closed sorption as well as chemical heat pump) enhance the energy efficiency of systems and sustainability of buildings by reducing the mismatch between supply and demand. Thermal ES (TES) systems using TCMs are particularly attractive and provide a high ES density at a constant temperature. Technical and economical questions will need to be answered for all possibilities, which warrant more development and large-scale demonstration of TES in future.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Thermodynamic analysis of a sorption refrigeration system with and without internal heat recovery (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: Results obtained from thermodynamic analysis of a solid sorption refrigeration system with and without internal heat recovery (IHR) employing ammonia as the refrigerant are presented. Four combinations of salts, namely MgCl 2 /SrCl 2 , MgCl 2 /CaCl 2 , CaCl 2 /SrCl 2 and CaCl 2 /CaCl 2 , are studied for systems with internal recovery. The system chosen is the one that can produce ice at –10°C using a waste heat source available at 613 K. Energy and entropy balance equations are applied to analyse each of the processes to estimate the individual heat transfer and entropy generation rates for all the systems. Effects of the sorbent and reactor mass are duly considered. Results show that among the four combinations studied, CaCl 2 /CaCl 2 cycle yields the highest coefficient of performance and specific cooling output per kilogram of the salt. Cooling/heating of the generator/absorber results in significant entropy generation in all the systems. IHR improves the performance significantly.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Ethanol reforming for supplying molten carbonate fuel cells (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: An interesting application of agricultural renewable sources is the use of ethanol for supplying molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). However, ethanol has to be converted into hydrogen by a steam-reforming process. MCFCs are suitable for these applications due to their tolerability to the impurities of the reaction products and their high working temperatures (600–650°C) which allow to integrate the reforming stage to the stack. Ethanol-reforming tests were performed by using pure ethanol or bioethanol obtained by sugar beet syrup fermentation. Tests were performed by a specific reactor designed for its installation into the anodic compartment of small-size MCFCs.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Feasibility of periodic thermosyphons for environmentally friendly ground source cooling applications (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: This paper presents a feasibility study of a low-energy consumption ground source cooling system based on a periodic two-phase thermosyphon (PTPT) device in which a condensate is periodically transferred back to the evaporator. Operation of the PTPT is passive with the ground condenser positioned 1–11 m below the evaporator. The ground condenser may be at the condensing temperatures of 12–20°C depending on the ground depth. A semi-analytical approach is used to simulate the transient behaviour of the PTPT device. The simulation aims to study the effect of several parameters on the cooling rate of the device, including the length of condensing coil, the ground depth, the temperatures of the soil and the indoor air. The preliminary simulation results indicate that the PTPT device may be promising for ground source cooling applications.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Multisource heat pump system from design to operation: the case study of a new school building (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: Heat pump features can take advantage of better sources than air, for instance the ground heat, solar heat and heat recovery. A multisource system aims to enhance the performances of the heat pump, leading to a significant amount of primary energy being saved. The present work shows data monitoring and analysis for a real working application in northern Italy, for 12 months. The energy balance indicates that the integration of different sources not only increases the thermal performance of the system as a whole but also optimizes the use of each source.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Numerical simulation of dynamics of droplet impact on heated flat solid surface (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: The process of the impinging of a droplet upon a heated flat solid surface was computationally studied to identify the key process occurring in a liquid droplet. A computational fluid dynamics model, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) approach, was used to simulate the impact of droplet dynamics on the heated flat solid surface. Surface tension and wall adhesion phenomena were taken into account in this model. The model was proved effective by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data in the literature. It could be concluded that the VOF-based model was able to simulate the dynamics of the impinging of a droplet upon a heated solid surface. The key characteristics of droplet evaporation and the interaction between the droplet and the solid surface could be captured.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling: A Review of Regulatory Regimes in the United States, United Kingdom, and Norway (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-29
    Description: This article investigates the regulatory regimes for offshore oil and gas in the United States (U.S.), United Kingdom (U.K.), and Norway from both a positive and normative perspective. The positive analysis reveals that all three countries are converging on a similar regulatory system that combines strict liability, command-and-control, and management-based regulations for controlling site-specific risks. The timing of the adoption of each element in this regulatory system varies across the three countries and has been driven largely by accidents along the individual country’s continental shelf. In particular, the adoption of the management-based approach occurred after a significant accident revealed the weaknesses of a one-size-fits–all set of prescriptive rules. Although the normative analysis reveals theoretical support for the use of both liability and management-based approaches, the empirical data are limited, and the data that do exist call into question the superiority of the management-based approach over command-and-control. More research is needed that develops and systematically evaluates incentive-compatible regulatory regimes. ( JEL : Q38, Q40, Q48, K32)
    Keywords: Q38 - Government Policy, Q40 - General, Q48 - Government Policy, K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
    Print ISSN: 1750-6816
    Electronic ISSN: 1750-6824
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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