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  • 1
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    New records from the southern North Sea and first records from the Baltic Sea of Kornmannia leptoderma (2019)
    de Gruyter
    In:  Botanica Marina, 62 (1). pp. 63-73.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Combined genetic, morphological and ontogenetic observations show that the circumarctic boreal green algal macrophyte Kornmannia leptoderma has expanded its distribution range into the Baltic Sea, on a German coastal section of 220 km length. The species is also again (or still) established at its former extreme southern distribution limit in the North Sea, the German island of Helgoland, where it has not been detected during the last four decades. Macroscopic visible sporophytes of K. leptoderma are nowadays present in the Baltic Sea and at Helgoland from February to September, while they were in the past only detected from February to May at Helgoland. This capacity for formation of sporophytes in summer correlates with the circumstance that K. leptoderma from the Baltic Sea can complete its life cycle at 15°C while several studies conducted decades ago with material from Helgoland and from Pacific coasts consistently reported an inhibition of the algal gametogenesis at temperatures that exceed 12°C. Possibly K. leptoderma has undergone adaptations that facilitate its spread into warmer environments, unless the Kornmannia present in the Baltic Sea and on Helgoland today represents a newly introduced cryptic species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1515/bot-2018-0019
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Seaweed resources of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and German and Danish North Sea coasts (2020)
    de Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Due to low salinity and lack of hard substrata, the Baltic Sea and Kattegat area and German and Danish North Sea coasts are characterized by a relatively low diversity of seaweeds. At the same time the areas are severely eutrophicated, which has caused extensive shifts in macroalgal communities toward opportunistic species. Unattached seaweed communities dominated by Furcellaria lumbricalis, which have been a resource for hydrocolloid production since the 1940s, have been severely reduced due to eutrophication and unsustainable harvesting and are nowadays only exploited commercially in Estonia. On the other hand, the biomass of opportunistic seaweeds of various red, green and brown algal genera has increased. They cause ecological problems, are a nuisance on many tourist beaches and constitute at the same time a potential bioresource that is so far only exploited to a limited extent for production of energy and fertilizer. Commercial seaweed cultivation is largely focused on Saccharina latissima and still very limited, but is currently being expanded as a compensation measure for sea-based fish aquaculture. Also land-based seaweed cultivation is primarily employed for recycling of nutrients in tank animal aquaculture, but in most cases so far only on an experimental scale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study (2022)
    de Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Supralittoral and shallow water seaweed communities are particularly exposed to impacts such as climate change and disturbance by humans. Therefore, their classification, the study of composition, and the monitoring of their structural changes are particularly important. A phytosociological survey of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral vegetation of the South West Baltic Sea revealed eight phytobenthos communities with two variants comprising 35 taxa of macrophytes (18 taxa of Chlorophyta, 13 taxa of Rhodophyta and four taxa of Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta). Five of the eight communities were dominated by Ulvales (Ulva intestinalis, Kornmannia leptoderma, and three Blidingia species), the other three by Fucus vesiculosus. Most Fucus vesiculosus-dominated communities contained U. intestinalis and U. linza as subdominants. Only one of the communities had until now been described as an association ( Ulvetum intestinalis Feldman 1937). The syntaxonomic composition of the investigated vegetation includes both phytocenoses with the domination of green algae ( Ulvetum intestinalis Feldman 1937 and communities of Blidingia marginata, unidentified Blidingia spp. and Kornmannia leptoderma), as well as a number of communities dominated by Fucus vesiculosus. Mainly boreal Atlantic species and cosmopolitans make up the bulk of the species in these associations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Surveying seaweeds from the Ulvales and Fucales in the world’s most frequently used artificial waterway, the Kiel Canal (2019)
    de Gruyter
    In:  Botanica Marina, 62 (1). pp. 51-61.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The Kiel Canal is one of the world’s most frequently used inland waterways and connects the SW Baltic Sea with the Wadden Sea. At the same time, the canal is a highly eutrophicated environment that is characterized by salinities that range from 3 to 16. This brackish character could make the Kiel Canal an important stepping stone for the introductions of species into the inner Baltic Sea. It could also hinder the identification of native and introduced species, given the fact that salinity sometimes severely affects algal morphology. Here we report on a survey of introduced and native seaweed species in the canal, focusing on the dominant groups, which are Fucales and Ulvales. Of the Fucales, the introduced species Fucus evanescens was detected nearly exclusively inside the canal, while Fucus vesiculosus dominated rockweed communities directly outside the sluice gates. Morphological analysis and genetic barcoding distinguished three species of Ulvales, Ulva linza, Ulva intestinalis and an unknown and possibly introduced species of the genus Blidingia. Species distributions and – in the case of U. intestinalis – branching patterns were clearly affected by salinity, while thallus sizes appeared to be affected by the specific eutrophication status of sites within the canal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1515/bot-2018-0020
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Apoplastic oxidation of L-asparagine is involved in the control of the green algal endophyte Acrochaete operculata Correa and Nielsen by the red seaweed Chondrus crispus Stackhouse (2005)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Experimental Botany, 56 . pp. 1317-1326.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: Gametophytes of the marine alga Chondrus crispus are more resistant than tetrasporophytes to infection by the filamentous endophytic alga Acrochaete operculata. It has been shown recently that carrageenan oligosaccharides from the resistant gametophytic generation of C. crispus stimulate the secretion of L-asparagine (L-Asn) by the endophyte and that the host generates hydrogen peroxide and 2-oxo-succinamic acid after contact with this amino acid. Here the response of C. crispus to L-Asn and its effect on the pathogen is investigated. Chondrus crispus released hydrogen peroxide, ammonium ions, and a carbonyl compound into the medium when exposed to L-Asn. This response was correlated with an increase in oxygen consumption. Inhibitor studies indicated the involvement of a flavoenzyme in the reaction, which was sensitive to high concentrations of the reaction product, ammonium, and to chlorpromazine, quinacrine, and cyanide, inhibitors of L-amino acid oxidase. Cell wall macerate of C. crispus also responded to L-Asn, while protoplasts were inactive. Uptake of L-Asn into the cell was not necessary for the response, suggesting that the involved L-amino acid oxidase is apoplastic. Acrochaete operculata was more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than C. crispus and settlement of A. operculata zoospores on C. crispus was reduced by 86% in the presence of L-Asn. This reduced settlement could be prevented with catalase. Chondrus crispus thus features an apoplastic amino acid oxidase, which is involved in the control of its endophytic pathogen. The modulation of the amino acid secretion in A. operculata by carrageenan oligosaccharides is therefore a key issue in the etiology of the association.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri132
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Different regulation of haloperoxidation during agar oligosaccharide-activated defence mechanisms in two related red algae (2007)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Experimental Botany, 58 (15-16). pp. 4365-4372.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: The related red seaweeds Gracilaria sp. from the eastern Mediterranean and Gracilaria chilensis from Chile were similar in their enzymatic inventory for halogenation. In both species, halogenation was dependent upon H(2)O(2) and thus driven by haloperoxidases. These could be inhibited with phosphate and reversibly inhibited with azide and were therefore apparently dependent upon vanadate. Both species generated in the first line bromoform and other brominated halocarbons. Gel electrophoresis under non-denaturating conditions demonstrated that both species expressed halogenating peroxidases. Elicitation of Gracilaria sp. with agar oligosaccharides resulted in marked increases in bromination, iodination, and chlorination. Production rates of volatile halocarbons and phenol red bromination both increased by a factor of eight, presumably due to increased availability for haloperoxidases of H(2)O(2) during the oxidative burst response. Elicitation of Gracilaria sp. also triggered a release of bromide ions through DIDS-sensitive anion channels, which allowed for some bromination in bromide-free medium. However, this effect was relatively limited. By contrast, agar oligosaccharide oxidation in G. chilensis did not increase halogenation. Obviously, agar oligosaccharide oxidation does not provide sufficient amounts of hypohalous acids for such increases, because it does not deliver H(2)O(2) at the active site of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases. These results correlate with earlier findings that the agar oligosaccharide-elicited oxidative burst controls microorganisms while agar oligosaccharide oxidation does not.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm303
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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