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  • Articles  (10)
  • Springer  (7)
  • ISPRA  (3)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In a volcanic crisis, authorized decision-makers must balance the social and economic costs of mitigating actions, such as evacuation, against the potential human losses if such actions are insufficient. In making their decisions, advice is needed from volcanologists on the eruption probability. Therefore, there should be a clear separation in the roles of volcanologists and decision-makers; the volcanologists should advise on the volcano hazard and alternative potential scenarios but refrain from involvement in making decisions. Currently, volcanologists are responsible for setting volcano alert levels. Given the small handful of distinct alert levels, there is inherent ambiguity and substantial uncertainty in the interpretation of individual levels. Furthermore, changing an alert level may automatically trigger actions by decision-makers. This would violate the principle of separation of responsibility and may result in unwelcome pressure being applied to volcanologists. Just as physicians can invoke medical ethics in resisting pressure to alter their advice, so volcanologists can invoke geoethics. Freedom to abide by their scientific beliefs is a basic tenet of geoethics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19-23
    Description: Terceira Island, Azores (Portugal)
    Description: 4SR TERREMOTI - Preparazione alla comunicazione in emergenza
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Keywords: volcano ; crisis ; evacuation ; geoethics ; responsibility ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Cephalopods have been utilised in neurosci- ence research for more than 100 years particularly because of their phenotypic plasticity, complex and centralised nervous system, tractability for studies of learning and cellular mechanisms of memory (e.g. long-term potentia- tion) and anatomical features facilitating physiological studies (e.g. squid giant axon and synapse). On 1 January 2013, research using any of the about 700 extant species of ‘‘live cephalopods’’ became regulated within the European Union by Directive 2010/63/EU on the ‘‘Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes’’, giving cephalopods the same EU legal protection as previously afforded only to vertebrates. The Directive has a number of implications, particularly for neuroscience research. These include: (1) projects will need justification, authorisation from local competent authorities, and be subject to review including a harm-benefit assessment and adherence to the 3Rs princi- ples (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction). (2) To support project evaluation and compliance with the new EU law, guidelines specific to cephalopods will need to be developed, covering capture, transport, handling, housing, care, maintenance, health monitoring, humane anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia. (3) Objective criteria need to be developed to identify signs of pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm particularly in the context of their induction by an experimental procedure. Despite diversity of views existing on some of these topics, this paper reviews the above topics and describes the approaches being taken by the cephalopod research community (represented by the authorship) to produce ‘‘guidelines’’ and the potential contribution of neuroscience research to cephalopod welfare.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Building Bridges at the Science-Stakeholder Interface: Towards Knowledge Exchange in Earth System Science, SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, Cham, Springer, 7 p., pp. 85-91, ISBN: 978-3-319-75919-7
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Anthropogenic litter contamination of the oceans is a global problem of growing concern and currently receives strongly increasing attention by policy makers, public authorities, media and the general public. Unlike many other pollutants, marine litter on beaches and its deleterious effects on marine mammals, birds and turtles have attracted much attention as they can be directly observed by stakeholders.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Berlin, Springer, 447 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-16510-3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: This book describes how manmade litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Questo lavoro propone quattro percorsi geoturistici a tema nello straordinario mondo dei paesaggi vulcanici campani, lungo la costa del Tirreno, per scoprire la notevole geo-diversità e biodiversità che in un territorio dal ricco patrimonio naturale, scientifico e culturale quale la Campania, è possibile sperimentare. Il nostro percorso è un viaggio di scoperta con occhi nuovi che, attraverso l’osservazione delle morfologie e delle peculiarità naturalistiche degli ambienti vulcanici proposti, ci permette di comunicare con la natura che svela i suoi segreti a chi entra in sintonia con essa, risvegliando emozioni. Questo lavoro ha altresì come obiettivo la divulgazione delle caratteristiche geologico- naturalistiche dei molteplici ambienti dei rilievi vulcanici campani, anche perché la crescente frequentazione dei luoghi è spesso accompagnata da scarsa informazione scientifica disponibile relativa ai percorsi effettuati, e dalla volontà di una fruizione più consapevole, che possa condurre ad azioni di difesa di un territorio non ancora del tutto adeguatamente conosciuto (Hose, 2012).
    Description: Published
    Description: 654 - 658
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: itinerari geologico naturalistici ; vulcani ; Campania ; paesaggio ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 6
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Cham, Springer, 378 p., ISBN: 978-3-030-20389-4
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Cham, Springer, 259 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-93284-2
    Publication Date: 2020-06-12
    Description: This open access book presents the proceedings volume of the YOUMARES 8 conference, which took place in Kiel, Germany, in September 2017, supported by the German Association for Marine Sciences (DGM). The YOUMARES conference series is entirely bottom-up organized by and for YOUng MARine RESearchers. Qualified early career scientists moderated the scientific sessions during the conference and provided literature reviews on aspects of their research field. These reviews and the presenters’ conference abstracts are compiled here. Thus, this book discusses highly topical fields of marine research and aims to act as a source of knowledge and inspiration for further reading and research.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, pp. 285-328, ISBN: 978-3-031-21622-0
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: At opposite ends of our world lie the poles. In the North, the Arctic, an ocean surrounded by coasts; in the South, the Antarctic continent surrounded by an ocean that separates it from the nearest landmasses. At first glance, the poles could not be more dissimilar owing to their contrasting location, geography, and tectonic and evolutionary history. The amplitude and types of ice cover, though differing between the poles, are influenced by the same climatic, atmospheric, and hydrodynamic processes that affect the entire Earth. Freshwater influx into their coastal areas too—beyond the effects of glaciological changes and dynamics such as glacier melt and increasing meltwater discharges—is different: in contrast to the Arctic, the Antarctic continent and sub-Antarctic islands lack major rivers. However, their latitudinal range and low temperatures, ice shelves, icebergs, sea ice, impacts from tidewater and land-based glaciers, significant seasonal variation in light intensity and, hence, primary productivity, offer parallel environments for organisms that have adapted to such conditions. Although we know much about the similarities and differences from an environmental perspective, there are still many unknowns about how benthic communities, especially the meiobenthos, from both regions compare. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the contrasts and parallels between Arctic and Antarctic meiobenthos and place it into context of their extreme habitats. Following a brief account of Arctic and Antarctic evolution and the historical study of their faunas, we (i) compare how extreme polar conditions affect meiofauna across four main habitats: polar coastal areas and fjords, continental shelves and ice shelves, the deep sea, and sea ice, and we (ii) discuss the implications of climate change on meiofauna in these habitats. Reflecting on (i) and (ii) allowed us to identify frontiers for future research of polar meiofauna, which we put forward in the concluding sections of this chapter.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il vulcano Somma-Vesuvio è una delle aree mineralogicamente più ricche al mondo e sicuramente la prima in Italia. Fino ad oggi vi sono state rinvenute 266 diverse specie mineralogiche (a cui aggiungere 20 dubbie per mancanza di dati specifici); di queste ben 64 sono da considerarsi località tipo, cioè ritrovate per la prima volta in questo luogo. Dieci di esse sono state ritrovate esclusivamente su questo vulcano. I primi studi sistematici comparvero nel Settecento (Hamilton, 1776-79), per proseguire nell’Ottocento con Teodoro Monticelli, Nicola Covelli (1825) e Arcangelo Scacchi (1887), e, nel Novecento, con Ferruccio Zambonini (1935) e Antonio Parascandola. Il catalogo più recente è del 2004 (Russo & Punzo, 2004). Dal 1995, anno di istituzione del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, a scopo di tutela, vige il divieto assoluto di “prelievo di materiali di rilevante interesse geologico e paleontologico”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 659 - 662
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Vesuvio ; minerali ; collezione ; geodiversità ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’area del Salento (Puglia meridionale) è considerata l’avampaese stabile della catena appenninica (Cinque et al., 1993). La sismicità strumentale, registrata dagli anni Settanta a oggi, è scarsa e di bassa energia, prevalentemente concentrata ad ovest della penisola salentina e nel canale d’Otranto, dove il massimo evento registrato è stato quello del 20 ottobre del 1974 di Mw = 5.0 (CPTI11, 2011) (Fig.1). I terremoti storici più forti degli ultimi 1.000 anni, riportati dai cataloghi disponibili in letteratura, sono stati quelli del 10 settembre 1087 di Bari (Imax = 6-7), (CPTI11, 2011), del 20 febbraio 1743 del basso Ionio (Imax=IX), (CFTIMED04, 2007; CPTI11, 2011) e del 26 ottobre 1826 di Manduria (Imax = 6-7, CPTI11, 2011). Tra questi l’evento a maggiore energia è stato il terremoto del 1743, che ha colpito la Puglia e le coste occidentali della Grecia, ma è stato avvertito anche nelle regioni dell’Italia meridionale e in alcune località dell’Italia Centrale e Settentrionale, fino a Trento e a Udine, e finanche nell’isola di Malta. É stato un evento sismico complesso, percepito come una sequenza di tre violente scosse, prodotte probabilmente dall’attivazione di diversi segmenti di faglia (CFTIMED04, 2007). Sono state formulate due ipotesi di localizzazione di questo evento: secondo la prima, l’epicentro è riportato a mare, a est di S. Maria di Leuca, ipotesi avvalorata anche dalla distribuzione dei depositi da tsunami, attribuiti a questo terremoto, lungo le coste adriatiche meridionali del Salento (Torre Sasso e Torre S. Emiliano) (Mastronuzzi et al., 2007) fino a Brindisi; per la seconda, come revisionato nel catalogo CFTIMED04 (2007), l’epicentro è riportato a terra, tra Nardò e Galatina. In Italia i danni maggiori si sono registrati in Salento, nelle cittadine di Nardò, in provincia di Lecce, e Francavilla Fontana, in provincia di Brindisi; in Grecia a Levkas e nelle isole Ionie. I morti furono circa 180, 150 nella sola Nardò. L’evento è descritto in alcune centinaia di documenti storici, da cui si evince che furono oltre 86 le località interessate. Lo studio degli effetti prodotti ha permesso di attribuire all’evento una intensità massima di Imax = 9 (per Nardò e per Levkas) e Me = 6.9 (CFTIMED04, 2007). Nonostante ci siano stati danni notevoli in tutto il Salento, la mappa di pericolosità sismica di riferimento per il territorio nazionale (MPSO4 - Ordinanza PCM 3519/2006) attribuisce bassi valori di pericolosità nell’area del Salento e alti valori nell’area a mare, nel canale di Otranto. Questo lavoro si propone di andare alla scoperta delle evidenze architettoniche distrutte e ricostruite in seguito all’evento, con l’obiettivo di creare un itinerario geoturistico sulle “tracce” di questo terremoto nel tessuto urbano delle città salentine coinvolte.
    Description: Published
    Description: 687 - 690
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Salento ; sismicità ; itinerario geoturistico ; 1743 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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