Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- About the series -- Preface -- Authors -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- List of physical constants -- 1: Radioactivity and Nuclear Transformation -- 1.1 Nuclear Stability Curve -- 1.2 Alpha Decay -- 1.3 Beta Decay -- 1.4 Positron Decay -- 1.5 Electron Capture -- 1.6 Isomeric Transition -- 1.7 Radiation Penetrability -- 1.8 Calculation: Number of Atoms -- 1.9 Calculation: Sample Count Rate -- 1.10 Calculation: Thyroid Uptake -- 1.11 Physical Half-Life (I) -- 1.12 Physical Half-Life (II) -- 1.13 Effective Half-Life (I) -- 1.14 Effective Half-Life (II) -- 1.15 Radioactive Decay Equation -- 1.16 Radioactive Decay Calculation (I) -- 1.17 Radioactive Decay Calculation (II) -- 1.18 Radioactive Decay Calculation (III) -- 1.19 Attenuation -- 1.20 Gamma Ray Constant -- 1.21 Alpha Particle Range -- 2: Radionuclide Production and Radiopharmaceuticals -- 2.1 Characteristics of Ideal Radiopharmaceutical for Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine -- 2.2 Characteristics of Ideal Radiopharmaceutical for Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine -- 2.3 Physical Properties and Decay Scheme of Tc-99m -- 2.4 Cyclotron -- 2.5 Cyclotron-Produced Radionuclides -- 2.6 Nuclear Fission -- 2.7 Reactor-Produced Radionuclides -- 2.8 Mo-99/Tc-99m Radionuclide Generator (I) -- 2.9 Mo-99/Tc-99m Radionuclide Generator (II) -- 2.10 Undesirable Al3+ in Tc-99m Elution -- 2.11 Transient Equilibrium -- 2.12 Tc-99m Transient Equilibrium -- 2.13 Mo-99 Transient Equilibrium Calculation -- 2.14 Secular Equilibrium Equation -- 2.15 Mo-99 Breakthrough Test -- 2.16 Preparation of Radiopharmaceutical -- 2.17 Administration of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 2.18 PET Radiopharmaceutical -- 2.19 F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose -- 2.20 Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals -- 3: Non-imaging Detectors and Counters. , 3.1 Dead Time -- 3.2 Paralysable and Non-paralysable Counting Systems -- 3.3 Paralysable and Non-paralysable Counting Systems: Count Rate Response -- 3.4 Basic Principle of Gas-Filled Detectors -- 3.5 Noble Gas -- 3.6 Gas-Filled Detectors -- 3.7 Radionuclide Activity (Dose) Calibrator -- 3.8 Factors Affecting Measurement Accuracy of an Activity Calibrator -- 3.9 Quality Control of an Activity Calibrator -- 3.10 Basic Principles of Scintillation Detectors -- 3.11 Scintillation Detectors -- 3.12 Basic Principles of a Gamma Well Counter -- 3.13 Clinical Applications of Gamma Well Counter -- 3.14 Basic Principles of a Thyroid Probe -- 3.15 Thyroid Uptake Measurement -- 4: Instrumen tation for Gamma Imaging -- 4.1 X-Ray versus Gamma-Ray Imaging -- 4.2 Gamma Camera System -- 4.3 Gamma Rays Detection -- 4.4 Scintillating Crystal (I) -- 4.5 Scintillating Crystal (II) -- 4.6 Function of the Collimator -- 4.7 Collimator Design -- 4.8 Types of Collimators -- 4.9 Collimator Septa Thickness -- 4.10 Minification Factor for Diverging Collimator -- 4.11 Magnification Factor for Converging Collimator -- 4.12 Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) -- 4.13 X-, Y-Positioning Circuit -- 4.14 Energy Discrimination Circuit -- 4.15 Digital Data Acquisition -- 4.16 Digital Images in Nuclear Medicine -- 4.17 Effects of Matrix Size and Statistical Noise -- 4.18 Static Study -- 4.19 Dynamic Study -- 4.20 Gated Study -- 5: SPECT and PET Imaging -- 5.1 Physical Principles of SPECT -- 5.2 Comparison of SPECT and Planar Imaging -- 5.3 SPECT Data Acquisition -- 5.4 Principle of Noise Filtering Using the Fourier Method -- 5.5 Principle of Noise Filtering Using the Convolution Method -- 5.6 Image Processing Using Iterative Reconstruction -- 5.7 Physical Principles of PET -- 5.8 Annihilation Coincidence Detection -- 5.9 True, Scatter and Random Coincidence Events. , 5.10 Time-of-Flight in PET Imaging -- 5.11 Resolution of PET Imaging -- 5.12 2D versus 3D PET Imaging -- 5.13 Comparison of Tc-99m and F-18 -- 5.14 Comparison of Imaging Techniques Between SPECT and PET -- 5.15 Comparison of Spatial Resolution and Detection Efficiency Between SPECT and PET -- 6: Imaging Techniques in Nuclear Medicine -- 6.1 Whole Body Bone SPECT Imaging -- 6.2 Cardiac Imaging -- 6.3 Renogram -- 6.4 Radioimmunoassay (RIA) -- 6.5 Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) -- 6.6 PET Imaging Applications -- 7: Radionuclide Therapy -- 7.1 Sealed and Unsealed Source Therapy -- 7.2 Therapeutic Procedures in Nuclear Medicine -- 7.3 Hyperthyroidism Absorbed Dose Calculation -- 7.4 I-131 Treatment Guidelines -- 7.5 Calculation of Administered Activity for I-131 Treatment -- 7.6 Radioiodine Therapy and Pregnancy -- 7.7 Safe Administration of I-131 -- 7.8 Guidance Level for Hospitalisation of I-131 Patients -- 7.9 Radioembolisation -- 7.10 Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) -- 8: Internal Radiation Dosimetry -- 8.1 Internal Radiation Dosimetry -- 8.2 Factors Affecting Absorbed Dose to an Organ -- 8.3 Source and Target Organ -- 8.4 Monte Carlo Modelling -- 8.5 MIRD Formula -- 8.6 Absorbed Fraction -- 8.7 S-Value -- 8.8 Absorbed Dose Calculation (I) -- 8.9 Absorbed Dose Calculation (II) -- 8.10 Absorbed Dose Calculation (III) -- 8.11 Absorbed Dose Calculation (IV) -- 8.12 MIRD Formalism Assumptions -- 9: Quality Control in Nuclear Medicine -- 9.1 Quality Control of Dose Calibrator -- 9.2 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Measurement -- 9.3 Quality Control Methods -- 9.4 Uniformity -- 9.5 Spatial Resolution -- 9.6 Sensitivity -- 9.7 Collimator Efficiency -- 9.8 Collimator Resolution -- 9.9 Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) -- 9.10 Multienergy Spatial Registration -- 9.11 Cold Spot Artefact -- 9.12 Centre of Rotation (COR) -- 9.13 Partial Volume Effect. , 9.14 SPECT Quality Control Phantom -- 10: Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine -- 10.1 Radiation Protection Terminology -- 10.2 Annual Dose Limits -- 10.3 Classification of Radiation Work Areas -- 10.4 Exposure Rate -- 10.5 Half Value Layer (HVL) -- 10.6 Accidental Exposure to High Activity Source -- 10.7 Foetal Dose Calculation for High-Dose Radionuclide Therapy -- 10.8 Radiation Workers During Pregnancy -- 10.9 Radiation Workers Dose Limit -- 10.10 Radioactive Waste Management -- 10.11 Decontamination Principles -- 10.12 Out-patient Advice -- 10.13 Radioiodine Ward Nursing Staff -- 10.14 Handling of the I-131 Patient After Death -- Bibliography.

Note: Front cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Green Chemistry and Engineering: A Versatile Research Perspective -- Chapter 2. Aliphatic Nitrocompounds as Versatile Building Blocks for the One-Pot Processes -- Chapter 3. Smart Biomaterials: Decontamination of Toxic Metals from Wastewater-A Green Approach -- Chapter 4. Opportunities and Challenges for Enzymatic Surface Modification of Synthetic Polymers -- Chapter 5. Green Chemistry as an Expression of Environmental Ethics -- Chapter 6. Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Environment: An Overview -- Chapter 7. Influence of Nitrates from Agricultural Mineral Fertilizers on Erythrocyte Antioxidant Systems in Infants -- Chapter 8. Microwave-Assisted Organic Reactions -- Chapter 9. Composting as a Bioremediation Technique for Hazardous Organic Contaminants -- Chapter 10. Policies Promoting Green Chemistry: Substitution Efforts in Europe -- Chapter 11. Integrated Numerical Modeling Software Tools for the Efficient Project Management of Sustainable Development Works in Solid Waste -- Chapter 12. Necessity of Risk- Assessment Tools in Solid Waste Emissions in Analyzing Environment and Public Health Protection -- Chapter 13. Green Eluents in Chromatography -- Chapter 14. Ultrasound Applications in Biorenewables for Enhanced Bioenergy and Biofuel Production -- Chapter 15. Microbes as Green and Eco-Friendly Nanofactories -- Chapter 16. Plant-Based Biofortification: From Phytoremediation to Selenium-Enriched Agricultural Products -- Chapter 17. Biocatalysis: Green Transformations of Nitrile Function -- Index -- Back cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Inside Cover -- Copyright ©2005 Eurekah.com -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Acknowledgements -- CHAPTER 1 Normal Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation -- CHAPTER 2 Application of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias -- CHAPTER 3 Immunophenotypic Markers in the Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas -- CHAPTER 4 Clinical Application of Immunophenotyping in Immunodeficiencies -- CHAPTER 5 Immunophenotyping in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation -- INDEX -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1. The Monte Carlo method: theory and computational issues -- 2. Monte Carlo techniques in nuclear medicine dosimetry -- 3. Medical imaging techniques for radiation dosimetry -- 4. Computational methods in internal radiation dosimetry -- 5. Mathematical models of the human anatomy -- 6. Monte Carlo codes for use in therapeutic nuclear medicine -- 7. Dose point-kernels for radionuclide dosimetry -- 8. Radiobiology aspects and radionuclide selection criteria in cancer therapy -- 9. Microdosimetry of targeted radionuclides -- 10. The MABDOSE program for internal radionuclide dosimetry -- 11. The three-dimensional internal dosimetry software package, 3D-ID -- 12. Evaluation and validation of dose calculation procedures in patient-specific radionuclide therapy -- 13. Monte Carlo methods and mathematical models for the dosimetry of skeleton and bone marrow -- 14. Monte Carlo modelling of dose distributions in intravascular radiation therapy -- 15. The Monte Carlo method as a design tool in boron neutron capture synovectomy -- 16. Summary -- Biosketches -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Contents -- Section I: General Introduction and Background -- Marine Fisheries and Management -- Harvesting -- Section II: Aquatic Life - Chemistry and Biology -- Composition of Marine and Freshwater Finfish and Shellfish Species and Their Products -- Osmoregulation in Freshwater and Marine Fishes -- Biology of Certain Commercial Mollusk Species -- Clams -- Oysters -- Scallops -- Abalone -- Pacific Snails -- Octopus -- Blue Mussels: A Case Study -- Biology of Certain Commercial Crustaceans -- Warm-water Shrimp Fisheries of the United States -- Lobsters -- Crabs -- Major Marine Finfish Species -- Commercial Harvest and Biology of Major Freshwater Finfish Species -- Other Aquatic Life of Economic Significance -- Eels -- Turtles -- Sea Urchins -- Alligators -- Frog Legs -- Section III: Processing and Presentation -- Processing and Preservation of North Atlantic Groundfish -- Processing of Blue Crab, Shrimp, and King Crab -- Handling and Processing Crawfish -- The Molluscan Shellfish Industry -- Preservation of Squid Quality -- Optional Processing Methods -- Further Processed Seafood -- Smoked, Cured, and Dried Fish -- Specialty Seafood Products -- Processing of Surimi and Surimi Seafoods -- Transportation, Distribution, and Warehousing -- Section IV: Regulation -- Introduction to the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Food Safety Control System -- Religious Food Laws and the Seafood Industry -- Design of Quality and Safety Management Systems for Full-Service Retail Seafood Departments -- Section V: Other Useful Products from the Sea -- Seaweed Products -- Red Algae of Economic Significance -- Brown Algae of Economic Significance -- Fish Meal and Oil -- Fish Protein Concentrates -- Cultured Pearls -- Industrial Products -- Leather Production from Fish Skins -- Gelatin and Isinglass Production -- Insulin -- Hydrolysates. , Chitin and Chitosan -- Waste Cornposting -- Bioactive Compounds from the Sea -- Section VI: Seafood Safety -- Contamination in Shellfish-Growing Areas -- Illnesses Associated with Consumption of Seafood: Introduction -- Human Pathogens in Shellfish and Finfish -- Finfish Toxins -- Shellfish Toxins -- Health-Related Bacteria in Seafood -- Viral Diseases Associated with Seafood -- Health-Related Parasites in Seafoods -- Seafood Allergies and Intolerances -- Section VII: Consumer Acceptance -- Marketing Fish and Shellfish -- Cookery -- Factors Relating to Finfish Flavor, Odor, and Quality Changes -- Section VIII: Future Outlook -- Aquaculture -- World Aquaculture Potential -- Aquaculture -- Fish and Seafood Import and Export -- Imports and Importing -- Exports and Exporting -- Future of the Industry -- Resource List of Web Sites -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part One - Trends and developments -- Chapter One: Significance of Biopolymer Interactions in Context of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology -- Bibliography -- Chapter Two: Applications of Biopolymers for Micro- and Nano-encapsulation of Bioactive Food Ingredients -- 1. Bioactive Food Ingredients -- 2. Encapsulation Processes and Delivery Systems -- 3. Biopolymer-Based Delivery Vehicle Ingredients -- 3.1. Protein Gels and Gel Particles -- 3.2. Biopolymers as Emulsifying Wall Material for Encapsulation -- 3.3. Mixtures and Complexes of Proteins with Polysaccharides as Delivery Vehicles -- 3.4. Food-grade Self-assembled Biopolymer Particles -- Concluding remark -- Bibliography -- Chapter Three: The Thermodynamic Approach: Its Importance for Understanding and Manipulating the MolecularInteractions of Biopolymers -- 1. Two-Component Solutions: Biopolymer + Solvent -- 2. Three-Component Solutions: Biopolymer1 + biopolymer2 + solvent -- 3. Food Colloids Stabilized by Biopolymers -- 3.1. Surface Behaviour of Biopolymers -- 3.2. Interactions Between Colloidal Particles Covered by Biopolymer -- Concluding remark -- Bibliography -- Part Two - Biopolymer Interactions in the Bulk and at the Interface -- Chapter Four: Energy and Character of Main Types of Biopolymer Interactions -- 1. Van der Waals Interactions -- 2. Electrostatic Interactions -- 3. Ion Bridging -- 4. Hydrogen Bonding -- 5. Hydrophobic Interactions -- 6. Excluded Volume ('Steric') Interactions -- 7. Solvation, Structural and Depletion Forces -- 8. Covalent Bonding -- Concluding remarks -- Bibliography -- Chapter Five: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Biopolymers in Solution in Terms of Thermodynamic Parameters -- 1. Basic Thermodynamic Functions and Parameters. , 2. Experimental Techniques for Determining Thermodynamic Quantities of Biopolymer Interactions in Solution -- 2.1. Osmometry -- 2.2. Laser Light Scattering -- 2.3. Sedimentation Equilibrium -- 2.4. Self-Interaction Chromatography -- 2.5. Isothermal Titration/Mixing Calorimetry -- Bibliography -- Part Three - Biopolymer Interactions in the Bulk Aqueous Medium of Food Colloids -- Chapter Six: Self-Assembly of Food Biopolymers for the Development of Health-Promoting Properties of Food Colloids -- 1..Self-Assembly due to Specific Kinds of Biopolymer Interactions -- 1.1. Caseins -- 1.2. Whey Proteins -- 1.3. Polysaccharides -- 2. Surfactant-Based Self-Assembly of Proteins -- 3. Surfactant-Based Self-Assembly of Polysaccharides -- 4. Manipulation of Food Colloid Properties through Biopolymer Self-Assembly -- Concluding remark -- Bibliography -- Chapter Seven: Effects of Interactions between Different Biopolymers on the Properties of Food Colloids -- A. Impact of Physical Interactions between Biopolymers on Structure and Stability of Colloidal Systems -- 1. Thermodynamically Unfavourable Interactions between Biopolymers in the Bulk -- 1.1. The Nature of Thermodynamically Unfavourable Interactions -- 1.2. The Phenomenon of Segregative Phase Separation -'Simple Coacervation' -- 1.3. Manipulation of Colloidal Systems via the Thermodynamically Unfavourable Interactions Between Biopolymers -- 1.3.1. Adsorption Behaviour -- 1.3.2. Emulsifying Capacity of Protein -- 1.3.3. Surface Shear Viscosity -- 1.3.4. Stability of Emulsions with Respect to Flocculation -- 1.3.5. Gelation of Biopolymers in Mixed Squeous Solutions -- 2. Thermodynamically Favourable Interactions Between Biopolymers in the Bulk -- 2.1. The Nature of Thermodynamically Favourable Interactions -- 2.2. Physico-Chemical Features of 'Complex Coacervation'. , 2.3. Thermodynamically Favourable Interactions Involving Neutral Polysaccharides -- 2.4. Manipulation of Colloidal Systems via the Thermodynamically Favourable Interactions between Biopolymers -- 2.4.1. Adsorption Behaviour -- 2.4.2. Emulsifying Properties and Emulsion Droplet Size -- 2.4.3. Surface Shear Viscosity -- 2.4.4. Stability of Emulsions with Respect to Flocculation -- 2.4.5. Structure of Adsorbed Layers of Interacting Biopolymers- Effect of the Order of Addition to the Interface -- 2.4.6. Gelation in Mixed Biopolymer Systems -- 2.5. Application of Biopolymer Complexes for Encapsulation -- B. Impact of Covalent Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugates on Structure and Stability of Colloidal Systems -- Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Part Four - Biopolymer Interactions at the interfaces In Food Colloids -- Introduction to Part Four -- Bibliography -- Chapter Eight: Biopolymer Interactions in Adsorbed Layers: Relationship to Properties of Food Colloids -- 1. Protein-Protein Interactions in Adsorbed Layers -- 1.1. Self-Association at Interfaces -- 1.2. Segregation in Mixed Protein Layers -- 2. Proteins + Surfactants at Interfaces -- 2.1. The Competitive Displacement Mechanism -- 2.2. Protein-Surfactant Complexation -- 3. Proteins + Polysaccharides at Interfaces -- 3.1. Complexation and Associative Interactions -- 3.2. Phase Separation and Segregative Interactions -- 4. Particles at the Interface of a Phase-Separated Mixed Biopolymer System -- 5. Enzymatic Hydrolysis in the Presence of Biopolymer Adsorbed Layers -- Concluding Remarks -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Innovation Africa: Enriching Farmers' Livelihoods -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures, Tables and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Innovation Africa: An Introduction -- I Innovation Concepts and Methods -- CHAPTER 2 Conceptual and Methodological Developments in Innovation -- CHAPTER 3 Comparison of Frameworks for Studying Grassroots Innovation: Agricultural Innovation Systems and Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems -- CHAPTER 4 Applying the Innovation Systems Concept in the Field: Experiences of a Research Team in Uganda -- CHAPTER 5 Developing the Art and Science of Innovation Systems Enquiry: Alternative Tools and Methods, and Applications to Sub-Saharan African Agriculture -- II Strengthening Social Capital in Agricultural Innovation Systems -- CHAPTER 6 Harnessing Local and Outsiders' Knowledge: Experiences of a Multi-Stakeholder Partnership to Promote Farmer Innovation in Ethiopia -- CHAPTER 7 An Innovation System in the Rangelands: Using Collective Action to Diversify Livelihoods among Settled Pastoralists in Ethiopia -- CHAPTER 8 Social Networks and Status in Adopting Agricultural Technologies and Practices among Small-Scale Farmers in Uganda -- CHAPTER 9 From Participation to Partnership: A Different Way for Researchers to Accompany Innovation Processes - Challenges and Difficulties -- III Policy, Institutional and Market-Led Innovation -- CHAPTER10 Participatory Analysis of the Potato Knowledge and Information System in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda -- CHAPTER 11 Enabling Rural Innovation: Empowering Farmers to Take Advantage of Market Opportunities and Improve Livelihoods -- CHAPTER 12 Doing Things Differently: Post-Harvest Innovation Learning Alliances in Tanzania and Zimbabwe -- CHAPTER 13 Alternative Funding Mechanisms for Local Innovation Systems. , CHAPTER 14 Tracking Outcomes of Social and Institutional Innovations in Natural Resource Management -- IV Local Innovation Processes -- CHAPTER 15 Recognizing and Enhancing Processes of Local Innovation -- CHAPTER 16 Building Institutions for Endogenous Development: Using Local Knowledge as a Bridge -- CHAPTER 17 Village Information and Communication Centres in Rwanda -- CHAPTER 18 Farmer Field Schools for Rural Empowerment and Life-Long Learning in Integrated Nutrient Management: Experiences in Eastern and Central Kenya -- CHAPTER 19 From Strangler to Nourisher: How Novice Rice Farmers Turned Challenges into Opportunities -- V Building Capacity for Joint Innovation -- CHAPTER 20 Strengthening Inter-Institutional Capacity for Rural Innovation: Experience from Uganda, Kenya and South Africa -- CHAPTER 21 Building Competencies for Innovation in Agricultural Research: A Synthesis of Experiences and Lessons from Uganda -- CHAPTER 22 Shaping Agricultural Research for Development to Africa's Needs: Building South African Capacity to Innovate -- CHAPTER 23 Going to Scale with Facilitation for Change: Developing Competence to Facilitate Community Emancipation and Innovation in South Africa -- CHAPTER 24 Building Capacity for Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation: Integrating Stakeholders' Perspectives -- CHAPTER 25 Innovation Africa: Beyond Rhetoric to Praxis -- List of Contributors -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of figures, tables and boxes -- Preface -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- 1. About the resource book -- Aims -- Target audience -- Layout -- How to use this resource book -- 2. Sustainable development and the need for strategic responses -- The opportunity for a strategic approach to national development -- Organization of this chapter -- The challenges of environment and development -- Trends and major challenges -- Economic disparity and political instability -- Extreme poverty -- Under-nourishment -- Disease -- Marginalization -- Population growth -- Consumption -- Global energy use -- Climate change -- Nitrogen loading -- Natural resource deterioration -- Loss of diversity -- Pollution -- Growing water scarcity -- Other urban problems -- Interactions between social, economic and environmental problems -- International responses to the challenges of sustainable development -- The emergence of sustainable development as a common vision -- Multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) -- Environmental monitoring and assessment -- Economic instruments -- Engaging the private sector -- New technologies -- Financing sustainable development -- Governance - and the twin trends of decentralization and globalization -- Decentralization -- Globalization -- Focus on national strategies for sustainable development: a Rio commitment and one of the seven internationaldevelopment goals -- Guidance to date on strategies for sustainable development -- Why a strategic approach to sustainable development is needed -- The need for structural changes -- Difficulties in introducing changes -- What being strategic means -- 3. The nature of sustainable development strategies and current practice -- Introduction -- What are sustainable development strategies?. , Key principles for developing sustainable development strategies -- Learning from current practice: existing strategy frameworks -- Building on national level strategies -- National development plans -- Sector and cross-sectoral plans and strategies -- Plans and strategies related to conventions -- National forest programmes (NFPs) -- National conservation strategies (NCSs) -- National environmental action plans (NEAPs) -- National Agenda 21s and National Councils for Sustainable Development -- National visions -- Comprehensive development frameworks -- Poverty reduction strategies -- Sub-national strategies -- Decentralized development planning -- Village and micro-level strategies -- Convergence and links between national, sub-national and local strategies -- Regional approaches to developing strategies -- 4. Key steps in starting or improving strategies for sustainable development -- Harnessing effective strategic mechanisms in a continual-improvement system -- Scoping exercise -- Establishing or strengthening a strategy secretariat or coordinating body -- Establishing or strengthening a strategy steering committee or equivalent forum -- Seeking or improving political commitment for the strategy -- Establishing or confirming a mandate for the strategy -- Ensuring broad ownership of the strategy -- Securing strategy 'ownership' and commitment by all ministries -- Securing strategy 'ownership' and commitment by civil society and the private sector -- Mobilizing the required resources -- Harnessing the necessary skills -- Bringing institutions and individuals on board -- Raising the financial resources -- Identifying stakeholders and defining their roles in the strategy -- Typical roles of the main actors in strategy processes, and constraints faced -- Politicians and leaders -- Public authorities -- The private sector -- Civil society. , Donor agencies -- Mapping out the strategy process, taking stock of existing strategies and other planning processes -- Seeking to improve coherence and coordination between strategy frameworks at all levels -- Coherence, coordination (and convergence) of national strategic frameworks -- Focusing strategic objectives at the right level - from regional to local, and between sectors - and ensuring coherence and coordination there -- Establishing and agreeing ground rules governing strategy procedures -- Establishing a schedule and calendar for the strategy process -- Promoting the strategy -- The role of experiments and pilot projects -- Establishing and improving the regular strategy mechanisms and processes -- 5. Analysis -- Approaching and organizing the tasks of analysis -- Introducing the main analytical tasks in NSDS processes -- Challenges in analysis for sustainable development strategies -- Effective strategies depend on sound information -- Sustainable development is complex and difficult to analyse -- Capacities to analyse sustainable development are often weak -- There are dangers in relying on narrow, non-local, out-of-date or unreliable information -- Basic principles for analysis -- Engage and inform stakeholders within democratic and participatory processes -- Use accessible and participatory methods of analysis -- Include roles for independent, 'expert' analysis -- Develop a continuing, coordinated system of knowledge generation -- Agree criteria for prioritizing analysis -- Ensure the objectives of the analysis are clear -- Agree the types of output from the analysis, and who will get them -- An introduction to methods available for analysis -- Analysing stakeholders in sustainable development -- Why stakeholder analysis is important -- Identifying stakeholders -- Using an issues-based typology -- Ways to identify stakeholders. , Stakeholder representation -- Identifying stakeholder interests, relations and powers -- Identifying stakeholders' interests -- Analysing the relationships between stakeholders -- Analysing stakeholders' powers -- Comparing stakeholders' powers with their potential for sustainable development -- Limitations of stakeholder analysis -- Approaches to measuring and analysing sustainability -- Accounts -- Narrative assessments -- Indicator-based assessments -- Contributing measurements and analyses -- Spatial analysis -- System of national accounts -- Genuine domestic savings -- Ecological footprint 142 -- Natural resource, materials and energy accounts -- Human Development Index -- Sustainable livelihoods analysis -- Policy influence mapping -- Problem trees and causal diagrams -- Strategic environmental assessment -- Community-based issue analy -- Deciding what to measure: a framework of parts and aims -- Deciding how to measure: choosing indicators -- Seeing the big sustainability picture: generating in -- Identifying priority sustainability issues: using a rigorous, routine system -- Analysing sustainable development mechanisms and processes -- Steps in analysing the component mechanisms -- Analysing the legal framework for sustainable development -- Analysing the economic context -- Describing how the mechanisms link up -- Scenario development -- The purpose and limitations of scenarios -- Organizing scenario development -- Some illustrations of sustainable development scenarios -- 6. Participation in strategies for sustainable development -- Introduction -- Understanding participation -- Multiple perceptions, expectations and definitions of 'participation' -- Typologies of participation - and associated dilemmas -- 'Horizontal' and 'vertical' channels for participation - and associated dilemmas. , Why participation is needed in strategies for sustainable development -- Ensuring effective participation - issues and planning requirements -- Scoping the basic requirements -- Consideration of costs and benefits of participation -- Clarity of expectations -- Consideration of scale and links -- Representation, selection and intermediarie -- Infrastructure, organization and legal framework for participation -- Planning for participation in strategies -- Methods for participation in strategies -- Participatory learning and action -- Community-based resource planning and management -- Participation in decentralized planning systems -- Multi-stakeholder partnerships -- Focusing on consensus, negotiations and conflict resolution -- Working in groups -- Facilitation -- Participants' responsibilities -- Rapporteurs -- Meeting agendas -- Market research, electronic media and other remote methods -- 7. Communications -- Introduction -- Shifting values, attitudes and styles -- Establishing a communications and information strategy and system -- An information, education and communications strategy and action plan -- Coordination of information -- Internal coordination - focus on creating a shared information base -- External coordination - using a wide range of methods -- Choosing the medium, and developing complementary information products -- Documents and audio-visual material -- Events -- Managing dialogue and consensus-building during meetings -- Establishing networks, or making links with existing networks -- Establishing databases, or making links with existing databases -- Use of electronic media -- Electronic democracy -- Mass media -- Monitoring the communication process -- 8. Strategy decision-making -- The scope of strategy decisions -- Strategic vision -- Strategic objectives -- Targets -- Triggers -- Action plan -- Institutional plan. , Challenges, principles and useful frameworks for making strategy decisions.

Note: Front Cover -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Introduction to Simulation for Design of Clinical Trials -- Chapter 2. Input-Output Models -- Chapter 3. Defining Covariate Distribution Models for Clinical Trial Simulation -- Chapter 4. Protocol Deviations and Execution Models -- Chapter 5. Determination of Model Appropriateness -- Chapter 6. Computational Considerations in Clinical Trial Simulations -- Chapter 7. Analysis of Simulated Clinical Trials -- Chapter 8. Sensitivity Analysis of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Models in Clinical Trial Simulation and Design -- Chapter 9. Choice of Best Design -- Chapter 10. Clinical Trial Simulation (CTS) -- Chapter 11. Academic Perspective -- Chapter 12. Modeling and Simulation of Clinical Trials -- Chapter 13. History-Informed Perspectives on the Modeling and Simulation of Therapeutic Drug Actions -- Chapter 14. Evaluation of Random Sparse Sampling Designs for a Population Pharmacokinetic Study -- Chapter 15. Use of Modeling and Simulation to Optimize Dose-Finding Strategies -- Chapter 16. Model-Based Integration for Clinical Trial Simulation and Design -- Chapter 17. Prediction of Hemodynamic Responses in Hypertensive and Elderly Subjects from Healthy Volunteer Data -- Chapter 18. Assessment of QTc Interval Prolongation in a Phase I Study Using Monte Carlo Simulation -- Chapter 19. Optimizing a Bayesian Dose-Adjustment Scheme for a Pediatric Trial: A Simulation Study -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Front Cover -- Title Page -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1- Time-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems -- Chapter 2- Bioequivalence -- Chapter 3- Cutaneous and Transdermal Delivery-Processes and Systems of Delivery -- Chapter 4- Design and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Products -- Chapter 5- Delivery of Drugs by the Pulmonary Route -- Chapter 6- Pediatric and Geriatric Pharmaceutics and Formulation -- Chapter 7- Biotechnology-Based Pharmaceuticals -- Chapter 8- Veterinary Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms -- Chapter 9- Target-Oriented Drug Delivery Systems -- Chapter 10- New Imaging Methods for Dosage Form Characterization -- Chapter 11- Aspects of Pharmaceutical Physics -- Chapter 12- Pharmaceutical Aspects of Nanotechnology -- Chapter 13- Dosage Forms for Personalized Medicine: From the Simple to the Complex -- Index -- Back Cover.