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  • 1
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Fluids ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental sciences ; Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book uses the Lagrangian approach, especially useful and convenient for studying large-scale transport and mixing in the ocean, to present a detailed view of ocean circulation. This approach focuses on simulations and on monitoring the trajectories of fluid particles, which are governed by advection equations. The first chapter of the book is devoted to dynamical systems theory methods, which provide the framework, methodology and key concepts for the Lagrangian approach. The book then moves on to an analysis of chaotic mixing and cross-stream transport in idealized models of oceanic meandering currents like the Gulfstream in the Atlantic, the Kuroshio in the Pacific, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current, after which the current state of physical oceanography is reviewed. The latter half of the book applies the techniques and methods already described in order to study eddies, currents, fronts and large-scale mixing and transport in the Far-Eastern seas and the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of Lagrangian simulation and monitoring of water contamination after the Fukushima disaster of 2011. The propagation of Fukushima-derived radionuclides, surface transport across the Kuroshio Extension current, and the role of mesoscale eddies in the transport of Fukushima-derived cesium isotopes in the ocean are examined, and a comparison of simulation results with actual measurements are presented. Written by some of the world leaders in the application of Lagrangian methods in oceanography, this title will be of benefit to the oceanographic community by presenting the necessary background of the Lagrangian approach in an accessible manner
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 274 p. 157 illus., 84 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319530222
    Series Statement: Physics of Earth and Space Environments
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Oceanography ; Acoustics ; Amorphous substances ; Complex fluids ; Acoustical engineering ; Physics ; Meeresboden ; Sand ; Hydroakustik ; P-Welle ; Silt ; Meeressediment ; Poröser Stoff ; Schallausbreitung ; Akustisches Verfahren ; Scherwelle ; Wellenausbreitung ; Schallwelle ; Schluff ; Ton
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents a concise description of the acoustics of ocean sediment acoustics, including the latest developments that address the discrepancies between theoretical models and experimental measurements. This work should be of interest to ocean acoustic engineers and physicists, as well as graduate students and course instructors. The seabed is neither a liquid nor a solid, but a fluid saturated porous material that obeys the wave equations of a poroelastic medium, which are significantly more complicated than the equations of either a liquid or a solid. This volume presents a model of seabed acoustics with input parameters that allow the model to cover a wide range of sediment types. The author includes example reflection and transmission curves which may be used as typical for a range of sediment types. The contents of this book will allow the reader to understand the physical processes involved in the reflection, propagation, and attenuation of sound and shear waves in ocean sediments and to model the acoustic properties for a wide range of applications
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 99 p. 57 illus., 46 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319142777
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Oceanography
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Climate change ; Remote sensing ; Energy efficiency. ; Environment ; Physics ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Climatology. ; Geographic information systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) are a microclimatic phenomenon which manifests as a significant increase in the temperature of cities compared to their surrounding areas. Recently the phenomenon has been enforced by the tendency to climate change and in particular by extreme climate events. This book presents and analyzes the results of a project to develop and apply mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures for counteracting the global urban heat islands phenomenon, supported by the EU’s Central Europe Regional Development Fund. Pilot studies were carried out in eight metropolitan areas: Bologna/Modena, Budapest, Ljubljana, Lodz, Prague, Stuttgart, Venice/Padua, and Vienna. The project involved feasibility studies and strategies for appropriately altering planning rules and governance to tackle the problem of UHIs, and focused on the specific morphology of EU urban areas, which are often characterized by the presence of historical old towns. The first part of the book is devoted to evidence, measures and tools, including tools to facilitate UHI analysis and decision support systems. The second part explores measures for counteracting urban heat islands, including specific analysis of the case studies and offering solutions for European cities. The volume includes supplemental materials such as references, glossaries and keyword lists. The UHI management plans developed here can be integrated into national and regional sustainable development approaches for urban and land planning. They can also contribute to the application of innovative urban planning techniques that foster a new “climate proof” planning approach in European cities. UHI project has been implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co-financed by the ERDF
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LIII, 400 p. 213 illus., 181 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319104256
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Geophysics ; Natural disasters ; Computer simulation ; Computer mathematics ; Physics ; Earth sciences ; Geophysics ; Natural disasters ; Computer simulation ; Computer mathematics ; Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Introduction -- An elastic Wave Propagation (AWP) -- Green's Functions -- Data Sensitivity Kernels -- Optimization Algorithms -- CVM-S4.26 -- Index.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIV, 513 p. 166 illus., 125 illus. in color, online resource)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2015
    ISBN: 9783319166049
    Series Statement: Springer Geophysics
    Language: English
    Note: PrefaceIntroduction -- An elastic Wave Propagation (AWP) -- Green's Functions -- Data Sensitivity Kernels -- Optimization Algorithms -- CVM-S4.26 -- Index.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer
    Keywords: Astrophysics ; Physics ; Planetology ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Observations, Astronomical. ; Space sciences. ; Astrophysics ; Physics ; Planetology ; Merkur
    Description / Table of Contents: A new and detailed picture of Mercury is emerging thanks to NASA’s MESSENGER mission that spent four years in orbit about the Sun’s innermost planet. Comprehensively illustrated by close-up images and other data, the author describes Mercury’s landscapes from a geological perspective: from sublimation hollows, to volcanic vents, to lava plains, to giant thrust faults. He considers what its giant core, internal structure and weird composition have to tell us about the formation and evolution of a planet so close to the Sun. This is of special significance in view of the discovery of so many exoplanets in similarly close orbits about their stars. Mercury generates its own magnetic field, like the Earth (but unlike Venus, Mars and the Moon), and the interplay between Mercury’s and the Sun’s magnetic field affects many processes on its surface and in the rich and diverse exosphere of neutral and charged particles surrounding the planet. There is much about Mercury that we still don’t understand. Accessible to the amateur, but also a handy state-of-the-art digest for students and researchers, the book shows how our knowledge of Mercury developed over the past century of ground-based, fly-by and orbital observations, and looks ahead at the mysteries remaining for future missions to explore
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 180 p. 103 illus., 57 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319121178
    Series Statement: Springer Praxis Books
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: Physics ; Geotechnical engineering ; Geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the result of collaboration within the framework of the Third International Scientific School for Young Scientists held at the Ishlinskii Institute for Problems in Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017, November. The papers included describe studies on the dynamics of natural system - geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere-and their interactions, the human contribution to naturally occurring processes, laboratory modeling of earth and environment processes, and testing of new developed physical and mathematical models. The book particularly focuses on modeling in the field of oil and gas production as well as new alternative energy sources
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 382 p. 189 illus, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319777887
    Series Statement: Springer Geology
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Keywords: Physics ; Meteorology ; Renewable energy sources ; Physical geography ; Windkraftwerk ; Meteorologie ; Atmosphärische Grenzschicht ; Windkraftwerk ; Wind ; Atmosphärische Grenzschicht ; Windenergie ; Atmosphäre ; Physik ; Physische Geografie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: xxvi, 255 Seiten , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 9783319728582
    Series Statement: Green energy and technology
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: Mathematical physics ; Quantum physics ; Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume develops a fundamentally different categorical framework for conceptualizing time and reality. The actual taking place of reality is conceived as a “constellatory self-unfolding” characterized by strong self-referentiality and occurring in the primordial form of time, the not yet sequentially structured “time-space of the present.” Concomitantly, both the sequentially ordered aspect of time and the factual aspect of reality appear as emergent phenomena that come into being only after reality has actually taken place. In this new framework, time functions as an ontophainetic [H1] platform, i.e., as the stage on which reality can first occur. Events are merely the “tracks” that the actual taking place of reality leaves behind on the co-emergent “canvas’’ of local spacetime. The view of time proposed here is particularly relevant to the recent debate over the “ER=EPR” conjecture targeting the relation between quantum physics and general relativity theory. The novelty of this radically different framework is that it allows quantum reduction and singularities to be addressed as inverse transitions into and out of the factual layer of reality: In quantum physical state reduction, reality “gains” the chrono-ontological format of facticity, and the sequential aspect of time becomes applicable. In singularities, by contrast, the opposite happens: Reality loses its local spacetime formation and reverts back to its primordial, pre-local shape - making the use of causality relations, Boolean logic and the dichotomization of subject and object obsolete in the process. For our understanding of the relation between quantum and relativistic physics, this new view opens up fundamentally new perspectives: Both are legitimate views of time and reality; they simply address very different chrono-ontological portraits, and thus should not lead us to erroneously prefer one view over the other. The task of the book is to provide a formal framework in which this radically different view of time and reality can be suitably addressed. The mathematical approach is based on the logical and topological features of the Borromean Rings, and draws upon concepts and methods from algebraic and geometric topology - especially the theory of sheaves and links, group theory, logic and information theory in relation to the standard constructions employed in quantum mechanics and general relativity, shedding new light on the problems of their compatibility. T ...
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 217 p, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319897769
    Series Statement: On Thinking
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: Physics ; Meteorology ; Geophysics ; Atmospheric sciences ; Fluids ; Environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book describes the derivation of the equations of motion of fluids as well as the dynamics of ocean and atmospheric currents on both large and small scales through the use of variational methods. In this way the equations of Fluid and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics are re-derived making use of a unifying principle, that is Hamilton’s Principle of Least Action. The equations are analyzed within the framework of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for continuous systems. The analysis of the equations’ symmetries and the resulting conservation laws, from Noether’s Theorem, represent the core of the description. Central to this work is the analysis of particle relabeling symmetry, which is unique for fluid dynamics and results in the conservation of potential vorticity. Different special approximations and relations, ranging from the semi-geostrophic approximation to the conservation of wave activity, are derived and analyzed. Thanks to a complete derivation of all relationships, this book is accessible for students at both undergraduate and graduate levels, as well for researchers. Students of theoretical physics and applied mathematics will recognize the existence of theoretical challenges behind the applied field of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, while students of applied physics, meteorology and oceanography will be able to find and appreciate the fundamental relationships behind equations in this field
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 218 p, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319596952
    Series Statement: Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics and Mathematics
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Physics ; Earth Sciences ; Oceanography ; Coasts ; Aquatic ecology ; Environmental chemistry ; Mathematical physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book integrates a wide range of subjects into a coherent purview of the status of coastal marine science. Designed for the professional or specialist in coastal science, oceanography, and related disciplines, this work will appeal to workers in multidisciplinary fields that strive for practical solutions to environmental problems in coastal marine settings around the world. Examples are drawn from many different geographic areas, including the Black Sea region. Subject areas covered include aspects of coastal marine geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and history. These subject areas were selected because they form the basis for integrative investigation of salient environmental problems or perspective solutions or interpretation of historical context
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 701 p. 281 illus., 151 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319575773
    Series Statement: Coastal Research Library 23
    Language: English
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