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  • 1
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    Accademia di Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper aims to trace the documentary history of the Royal Collection of Physics Apparatus,currently housed in the Physics Museum at the Federico II University of Naples...
    Description: Published
    Description: 47 - 59
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: History of Science ; Physics ; Scientific Collection ; Naples ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 849-857 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound ; Physics ; Vascular studies ; Vascular pathologies ; Ultrasonic contrast agents ; Clinical applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The choice of the optimal ultrasonic frequency for vascular studies is determined by the required resolution and penetration. Anatomical real-time two-dimensional imaging and blood flow studies provide complementary information. Intravascular scanning allows high-frequency ultrasound to be used, with correspondingly good spatial resolution. Contrast resolution is degraded by beam side lobes and the limited dynamic range of the ultrasonic pulse. The physics of ultrasonic scattering by blood, pulsed Doppler and duplex scanning and colour flow imaging performances determines the limits of clinical applications. Contrast agents enhance the echogenicity of blood, improving sensitivity and, through second harmonic detection, suppressing solid tissue echoes. Three-dimensional display, with segmentation by the presence of the flow signal, facilitates spatial perception. Clinical applications in vascular pathologies are summarised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 18 (1995), S. 239-242 
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Ultrasound, intravascular ; Artifact ; Physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To determine the axial and lateral resolution of a rotating intravascular ultrasound system and the diagnostic implications for the diagnosis of early artherosclerosis. Methods: The resolution of a 20 MHz rotating transducer was tested in a specially designed high-resolution phantom and in five aortic autopsy specimens with varying degrees of early atherosclerosis. Results: The best lateral resolution is at the minimal distance between transducer and object. Measurements in the wire phantom showed this to be better than 0.43 mm. This is less than the axial resolution which is better than 0.13 mm. Decreasing lateral resolution with increasing distance between transducer and object is manifested by arcing and overestimation of the extent of focal atherosclerotic lesions. Conclusion: Axial resolution is significantly better than lateral resolution. Rapid deterioration of lateral resolution affects the diagnostic ability to characterize the extent of early atherosclerosis. Eccentric positioning of the transducer tip, particularly in larger vessels, will therefore influence diagnostic accuracy in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 15 (1993), S. 105-115 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Calcium phosphates ; Drug compounding ; Excipients ; Particle size ; Physics ; Powders ; Tablets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ten commercially available calcium phosphates used for direct tableting were evaluated. The particle size distributions, powder properties, Sorption isotherms and pH values of aqueous slurries were compared. All samples showed good or at least sufficient flowability. Scanning electron micrographs illustrated the different kinds of manufacturing and gave hints on their expectable behaviour under compaction pressure. The sorption isotherms of identical chemical substances, which had been manufactured by different methods, differed strongly. This can be related to their specific surface areas. Most of the hydroxylapatites have large surface areas and can absorb up to more than 15% water at 93% relative humidity. Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate was non-hygroscopic and absorbed less than 1% water. With the exception of monobasic calcium phosphate monohydrate all calcium phosphates behaved quite neutral in water. Monobasic calcium phosphate monohydrate can be regarded as a solid acid. Although the calcium phosphates are usually stable substances, the role of crystal water in the case of dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate and monobasic calcium phosphate monohydrate is problematic due to possible interactions with active ingredients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 109 (1996), S. 147-149 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Gunshot wounds ; Momentum ; Physics ; Wound ballistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Shooting incidents are often portrayed as resulting in a sometimes violent backwards displacement of the victim. This opinion is also not infrequently held by expert witnesses. The physical force responsible for this would be momentum (mass x velocity). The physics of momentum in ballistic injury is explained in detail. The maximum momentum transferred from different small arms projectiles including large calibre rifles and a 12-gauge shotgun only results in a backwards motion of a 80 kg target body of 0.01–0.18 m/s, which is negligible compared to the velocity of a pedestrian (1–2 m/s). Furthermore, counterbalance is constantly maintained by neurophysiological reflexes. So the effect of the momentum transferred from the missile is virtually zero and there is no backwards motion of the person shot. Empirical evidence verifying these calculations can be obtained from hunting big game, from human gunshot victims and from a video documentary demonstrating the lack of any backwards motion of a person wearing body armour after hits from a centre fire rifle. So the alleged backwards hurling of a person shot is nothing but a myth which should be refuted not only because it is incorrect but also because it can result in miscarriages of justice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 1 (1979), S. 109-122 
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: Photocoagulation ; Non-linear effects ; Physics ; Morphology ; Nd glass Q-switched laser ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Chamber angle ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Working at a power density above optical breakdown threshold, irradiation effects upon the angle of the anterior chamber of the Macaca speciosa monkey by a Nd glass Q-switched laser, have been analysed with scanning electron microscopy. Two different damage effects can be identified: openings of Schlemm's canal and the creation of a cyclodialysis, that is opening the uveoscleral outflow routes; the latter may be a more effective one than the former. Also a third mechanism, namely a structural alteration of the trabecular meshwork, at the molecular level by laser action, has been inferred. The physical effects leading to optically induced mechanical damage are discussed. Applicability of such effects upon the morphological findings described here, is limited and to a greater part speculative. A better definition of the physical parameters, required for optimal therapeutical damage effects in the treatment of the wide angle glaucoma may be obtained by trial and error methods, which are guided by the results of electron microscopical analyses of samples obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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