Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Series -- Second Supplement -- Note to Readers -- Caution -- Contents -- Second Supplement Entries -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Name Index -- Molecular Formula Index -- Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Bibliography.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Advances in Protein Chemistry, Volume 52 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. General Classes and Functions of Four-Helix Bundle Cytokines -- I. Overview -- II. Long-Chain Cytokines Using Homodimeric Type I Cytokine Receptors for Signaling -- III. Short-Chain Cytokines Using Homodimeric Tyrosine Kinase Receptors for Signaling: Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Stem Cell Factor, and FLK2/FLT3 Ligand -- IV. Long-Chain Cytokines Using Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptors and/or gp130 for Signaling: Pleiotropic Cytokines: Interleukin-6, Interleukin-11, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Oncostatin M, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor, and Cardiotrophin-1 -- V. Short-Chain Cytokines Using βc for Signaling: Hemopoietic Cytokines: Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Interleukin-3, and Interleukin-5 -- VI. Cytokines Using Class II Cytokine Receptors for Signaling: Viral Resistance Cytokines: Interferons, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-12 -- VII. Short-Chain Cytokines Using γc or Interleukin-4 Receptor for Signaling: Acquired Immunity Cytokines: Interleukins-2, -4, -7, -9, -13, and -15 -- VIII. Concluding Comments -- References -- Chapter 2. Structural Basis for Cytokine Hormone-Receptor Recognition and Receptor Activation -- I. Introduction -- II. Class 1 of the Superfamily -- III. Class 2 of the Superfamily -- IV. Comparison of Class 1 and Class 2 Receptors -- References -- Chapter 3. General Mechanisms of Cytokine Receptor Signaling -- I. Introduction -- II. Multicomponent Receptors for the Interleukin 6/Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Cytokine Family: Shared Signal Transducing Receptor Components -- III. Cytokine Binding Drives Receptor Complex Assembly -- IV. Homo- or Heterodimerization of Signal Transducing Components is Required for Signaling: JAK Kinases are Preassociated with Signal Transducers. , V. Shared Principles of Receptor Activation by Different Cytokine Families and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases -- VI. STATs and Other Substrates Activated by Cytokine Receptors -- VII. Choice of STATs and Other Substrates Specified by Modular Tyrosine-Based Motifs in Cytokine Receptors -- VIII. Phosphatases and Other Regulators of Cytokine Receptor Signaling -- IX. Therapeutic Approaches for Modulating Cytokine Signaling -- References -- Chapter 4. Cytokines in Hematopoiesis: Specificity and Redundancy in Receptor Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Regulation of Hematopoietic Compartment -- III. Historical Perspective -- IV. Experimental Models to Study Cytokine Receptors -- V. Inductive versus Stochastic Models of Hematopoiesis -- VI. Cytokine Receptor Signaling -- VII. Pathological Effects of Aberrant Cytokine Receptor Function -- VIII. Summary and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5. Cytokines in Endocrine Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Growth Hormone Signal Transduction -- III. Growth Hormone Receptor Dimerization and Antagonists -- IV. Impact of Molecular Defects of the Receptor -- V. Tissue Dictating Growth Hormone Receptor Requirements -- VI. Pulsatile Growth Hormone -- VII. Clinical Relevance of Growth Hormone Receptor/ Therapeutic Implications -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Cytokines in Brain Development and Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of Cytokines in Regulation of Neurogenesis -- III. Cytokine Subgroups: Specific Roles and Regulation of Expression in Nervous System -- IV. Cytokine Regulation of Neurogenesis: Patterns of Expression of Hemopoietins, Receptors, and Signaling Molecules -- V. Summary and Future Directions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 The coastal context -- What are coastal problems? -- The coastal zone: some fundamental characteristics and principles -- Coastal biogeomorphology -- Coastal use and management -- Approaches to the study and solution of coastal problems -- Types of coastal problem -- How this book is structured -- Chapter 2 How coasts work -- Introduction -- Plate tectonics and coastal type -- The coastal setting: Late Quaternary sea level changes -- Wave processes in the shore zone -- The influence of tides -- Coastal ecology -- Water on land at the coast: seaspray, fluvial inputs and groundwater -- Physical disturbances to coastal biogeomorphology: storm surges and large scale pressure changes -- Global warming, sea level rise and the coastal future -- Chapter 3 Sandy coastlines: beaches and dunes -- Introduction -- Beaches -- Dunes -- Beach-dune interactions -- What problems affect sandy coastlines? -- Dune management -- Barrier islands -- Case study 3.1: Erosion problems along the barrier beach coasts of Nigeria -- Case study 3.2: Dunes of the Dutch coast -- Chapter 4 Rocky coasts: cliffs and platforms -- Introduction -- Distribution and nature of rocky coasts -- Hard rock cliffs -- Cliffs prone to failure -- Shore platforms -- Human influences on rocky coasts -- Meeting the challenges on rocky coasts -- Case study 4.1: Llantwit Major - blasted cliffs! -- Case study 4.2: Jump-Off Joe: building on a disaster -- Chapter 5 Coastal wetlands -- Introduction -- The magic of mud -- Environmental settings of coastal wetlands -- Types of coastal wetland -- Sea level rise and wetland growth and destruction -- Problems affecting coastal wetlands - upsetting the balance -- Future sea level rise - towards a new balance?. , Balancing the possibilities - effective coastal wetland management -- Case study 5.1: The disappearing wetlands of south Louisiana, USA -- Case study 5.2: War and the mangroves of Vietnam -- Chapter 6 Coral reefs -- Introduction -- The biological scale: calcification, coral growth and reef accretion -- The geological scale: reef construction, destruction and net accretion -- The coral reef community -- Corals and temperature -- 'Phase shifts' between hard and soft shallow water communities -- Coral reefs and environmental degradation -- Reef robustness and fragility: a few concluding remarks -- Case study 6.1: Kanehoe Bay, Hawaii -- Case study 6.2: The crown-of-thorns starfish: a highly complex biological phenomenon -- Chapter 7 Cold coasts: permafrost, glaciers, sea ice and fjords -- Introduction -- Ice at the coast -- Types of cold coast -- Geomorphic change and ecology of cold coasts -- Human impacts on cold coasts -- Overview -- Case Study 7.1: The Exxon Valdez oil spill, Alaska: catastrophe or not? -- Case study 7.2: The Antarctic coast: exploitation or conservation? -- Chapter 8 Managing the coast: coping with coastal problems -- Managing the coastal zone - regaining a holistic perspective on coastal problems -- Human influences on the coast -- Sustainable coastal zone use and management -- The coast of Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal -- The Mediterranean Sea -- Conclusions -- Reference -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures, Tables and Boxes -- List of Contributors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Climate Change Cooperation in the Global Greenhouse -- Introduction -- Global climate change -- Responses to global climate change -- Regional mitigation options -- Southern Africa and global climate change -- Methodology -- Summary -- Endnotes -- 2 Explaining Regional Cooperation -- Introduction -- The experience thus far -- Offering explanations -- Application to this study -- Endnotes -- 3 Regional Cooperation in Southern Africa -- Introduction -- Regional organizations in southern Africa -- The prospects for regional cooperation in southern Africa -- Summary -- Endnotes -- Appendix: Experience with Regional Power Sharing -- Some experiences in regional electricity cooperation -- The Southern African Power Pool -- 4 Regional Electricity Demand and Supply: Developing the Baseline -- Introduction -- The utilities' profile of the region -- Reviewing utility data -- Endnotes -- 5 Regional Electricity Mitigation Options -- Introduction -- Hydrophilic scenario -- Hybrid scenario -- Mitigation projects -- Summary -- Endnotes -- 6 Assessing and Implementing Electricity Mitigation Options -- Introduction -- Other criteria for assessment -- Total assessment -- Summary -- Endnotes -- 7 Other Regional Mitigation Options -- Introduction -- Transportation in southern Africa -- Renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies -- Summary -- Endnotes -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- FOREWORD -- OVERVIEW: NEW RECORDS, NEW STRESSES -- Food: Surpluses to Scarcity -- An Appetite for Protein -- Energy Revolution Under Way -- The Desire for Mobility -- World Getting Warmer -- Altering Natural Systems -- Changing Social Conditions -- A Wired World -- Demilitarization Continues -- Environmental Change: The Fiscal Factor -- Part One: KEY INDICATORS -- FOOD TRENDS -- Grain Harvest Up Slightly -- Soybean Production Jumps -- World Meat Production Climbs -- Fish Catch Hits a New High -- Aquaculture Growing Rapidly -- Grain Stocks Remain Low -- AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE TRENDS -- Grain Yield Rises -- Fertilizer Use Up -- Irrigated Area Up Slightly -- ENERGY TRENDS -- Oil and Gas Use Reach New Highs -- Coal Use Continues Rebound -- Nuclear Power Steady -- Hydroelectric Power Up Slightly -- Wind Power Sets Records -- Solar Cell Shipments Hit New High -- Sales of Compact Fluorescents Surge -- ATMOSPHERIC TRENDS -- Carbon Emissions Resume Rise -- Global Temperature Reaches Record High -- CFC Production Continues to Plummet -- ECONOMIC TRENDS -- World Economy Continues Rapid Expansion -- Trade Remains Strong -- Paper Production Remains High -- Weather Damages Ease -- U.N. Finances Still Constrained -- TRANSPORTATION TRENDS -- Automobile Production Sets Record -- Motorbike Production Accelerating -- Bicycle Production Declines -- COMMUNICATION TRENDS -- Satellite Launches Rebound -- Telephone Network Expands -- Internet Use Grows Exponentially -- SOCIAL TRENDS -- Population Growth Continues -- Refugee Flows Drop Steeply -- HIV/AIDS Pandemic Far From Over -- Urban Areas Swell -- Cigarette Production Hits All-Time High -- MILITARY TRENDS -- Military Expenditures Continue to Decline -- Armed Conflicts Diminish -- U.N. Peacekeeping Contracts Further. , Part Two: SPECIAL FEATURES -- ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES -- Forest Decline Continues -- Tree Plantations Taking Root -- Vertebrates Signal Biodiversity Losses -- Organic Waste Reuse Surging -- Nitrogen Fixation Continues to Rise -- Acid Rain Threats Vary -- ECONOMIC FEATURES -- Private Capital Flows to Third World Slow -- Taxation Shifting in Europe -- Fossil Fuel Subsidies Falling -- Paper Recycling Climbs Higher -- Cigarette Taxes on the Rise -- Metals Exploration Explodes in the South -- Pollution Control Markets Expand -- SOCIAL FEATURES -- Female Education Gaining Ground -- Sanitation Access Lagging -- MILITARY FEATURES -- Small Arms Proliferate -- NOTES -- THE VITAL SIGNS SERIES.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- List of Tables, Figures and Boxes -- List of Contributors -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: Uniting Science and Participation in the Process of Innovation - Research for Development -- Introduction -- The challenge for research -- Definitions of participatory research -- Adding value to resource management with participatory research -- Common principles of participatory research -- 2 Navigating Complexity, Diversity and Dynamism: Reflections on Research for Natural Resource Management -- Introduction -- The challenge: complexity, diversity and dynamism in human and natural landscapes -- Traditional and participatory research: key dimensions of difference -- Diversity analysis in NRM research -- Putting it together: reflections on navigating the research spectrum -- Conclusions -- 3 Whose Research, Whose Agenda? -- Introduction -- Ownership at the macro level -- Building ownership at the meso level: ownership and governance of communal resources -- Ownership over the research process at the community level -- Sustaining ownership throughout the research process -- Ownership and sharing knowledge -- Gender and stakeholder involvement -- Motivation and ownership of technical innovation -- Managing a complex process -- Conclusions -- 4 Scaling Up and Out -- Introduction -- Situating natural resource management -- The challenge of synthesizing NRM knowledge -- Steps to scaling up: enhancing relevance and accountability -- Is participation possible on a large scale? -- Steps to scaling up: building quality partnerships -- Scaling up participatory NRM to the watershed level -- Beyond the watershed: the continuum of scaling up and out -- Ways forward -- Summary -- 5 Transforming Institutions to Achieve Innovation in Research and Development -- Introduction. , Key elements and conditions to consider when fostering institutional change -- Progress and future challenges -- 6 Principles for Good Practice in Participatory Research: Reflecting on Lessons from the Field -- Reflecting on practice -- Understanding the research context -- Towards good practice: shared learning from experience -- Good practice in action: five case studies -- Conclusions: a framework for reflection and change -- Appendix 1: Principles and indicators of good practice in PR on NRM -- Appendix 2: List of indicators of good practice generated at the Chatham meeting -- 7 Participatory Research, Natural Resource Management and Rural Transformation: More Lessons from the Field -- Introduction: why learn lessons on participatory research? -- Changing contexts of participatory research -- PNRMR: why put agriculture into a resource perspective? -- Building new interfaces for NRM -- Conclusions -- 8 Participation in Context: What's Past, What's Present, and What's Next -- Introduction -- Ethics, standards and professional peers -- From participatory technology transfer to collaborative science -- Context: sedentary science in place or a science situated in time and space -- Beyond scaling up: crossing scales and envisioning futures -- Conclusion -- Annexe 1: Summaries of Case Studies -- 1 Participatory agroecosystem management - an approach used by benchmark location research teams in the African Highlands Initiative Eco-regional Programme -- 2 Participatory action research on adaptive collaborative management of community forests: A multi-country model -- 3 The farmer-driven Landcare Movement: An institutional innovation with implications for extension and research -- 4 The Farmer Research Group (CIAL) as a community-based natural resource management organization. , 5 Long-term natural resource management research in intensive production systems: ICARDA's experience in Egypt -- 6 Management of Plant Genetic Resources in agroecosystems: in situ conservation on-farm -- 7 Eastern Himalayan initiative on gender, ethnicity and agrobiodiversity management -- 8 Participatory selection and strategic use of multipurpose forages in hillsides of Central America -- 9 Focus on integrating methods and approaches to increase gender/stakeholder involvement, collaborative management of natural resource management, and decision-making support -- 10 Farmer participatory experiments in pest management -- 11 Farmers' ability to manage a devastating plant disease - potato late blight -- 12 Developing and implementing an innovative community approach to the control of bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) -- 13 Participatory management of Kapuwai's wetland (Pallisa District, Uganda): A clear need and some steps towards fulfilling it -- 14 Participatory research at the landscape level: The Kumbhan water trough case -- 15 Participatory research at landscape level: Flood-prone ecosystems in Bangladesh and Vietnam -- 16 Water management, agricultural development and poverty eradication in the former Homelands of South Africa -- 17 Innovation in irrigation - working in a 'participation complex' -- 18 Methods used to address resource issues in integrated watershed management in Nepalese watersheds -- 19 A comparison of farmer participatory research methods -- 20 Soil and water conservation - historical and geographical perspectives on participation -- 21 Improving farmers' risk management strategies for resource-poor and drought-prone farming systems in southern Africa -- 22 Participatory mapping, analysis and monitoring of the natural resource base in small watersheds: Insights from Nicaragua. , 23 Observations on the use of information tools in participatory contexts: Access to information and empowerment -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.