Keywords:
Atmospheric physics.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.* Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates andbeginning graduate students* Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations andlaboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web* Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informativelaboratory experiments* Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn thematerial.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (359 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080954431
Series Statement:
International Geophysics ; v.5
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=579234
DDC:
551.5
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- CHAPTER I. GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS -- 1.1 Fundamental Concepts -- 1.2 Law of Universal Gravitation -- 1.3 Newton's Laws of Motion -- 1.4 The Earth's Gravitational Field -- 1.5 The Force of Cravity -- 1.6 Geopotential -- 1.7 Satellite Orbits -- 1.8 Hydrostatic Equation -- 1.9 Distribution of Sea Level Pressure -- 1.10 Atmospheric Tides -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER II. PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC GASES -- 2.1 Molecular Behavior of Gases -- 2.2 Composition of Air -- 2.3 Elementary Kinetic Theory -- 2.4 Equation of State of an Ideal Gas -- 2.5 The Velocity Distribution of Molecules -- 2.7 Conservation of Energy -- 2.8 Conservation of Mass -- 2.9 First Law of Thermodynamics -- 2.10 Equipartition of Energy -- 2.11 Specific Heat -- 2.12 Entropy -- 2.13 Isentropic Processes and Potential Temperature -- 2.14 Static Stability -- 2.15 Thermodynamic Probability and Entropy -- 2.16 Second Law of Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes -- 2.17 Real Gases and Changes of Phase -- 2.18 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation -- 2.19 The Moist Atmosphere -- 2.20 Saturation Adiabatic Processes -- 2.21 Distribution of Temperature and Water Vapor -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER III. PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR OF CLOUD PARTICLES -- Part I: Growth -- 3.1 Intermolecular Forces and Surface Tension -- 3.2 Equilibrium Vapor Pressure over a Curved Surface -- 3.3 Equilibrium Vapor Pressure over Solutions -- 3.4 Distribution and Properties of Aerosols -- 3.5 Growth of Droplets by Condensation -- 3.6 Growth of Droplets by Accretion -- 3.7 Supercooling of Droplets -- 3.8 Ice Nuclei -- 3.9 Vapor Pressure of Ice and Water Particles -- 3.10 Growth of Ice Particles -- 3.11 Structure of Ice Crystals -- 3.12 Precipitation.
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3.13 Artificial Cloud Modification -- Part II: Electrical Charge Generation and Its Effects -- 3.14 Elementary Principles of Electricity -- 3.15 Charge Separation in Clouds -- 3.16 Origin and Distribution of Ions -- 3.17 Conductivity -- 3.18 The Lightning Discharge -- 3.19 The Mean Electric Field -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER IV. SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION -- Part I: Principles of Radiative Transfer -- 4.1 Definitions and Concepts -- 4.2 Absorption and Emission of Radiation -- 4.3 Theory of Black-Body Radiation -- 4.4 Characteristics of Black-Body Radiation -- 4.5 The Line Spectrum -- Part II: Radiation outside the Atmosphere -- 4.6 The Sun -- 4.7 Determination of the Solar Constant -- 4.8 Distribution of Solar Energy Intercepted by the Earth -- 4.9 Short- and Long-Wave Radiation -- 4.10 Radiation Measurements from Satellites -- Part III: Effects of Absorption and Emission -- 4.11 Absorption -- 4.12 The "Atmosphere" Effect -- 4.13 Transfer of Radiation between Two Parallel Surfaces -- 4.14 Transfer of Long-Wave Radiation in a Plane Stratified Atmosphere -- 4.15 Experimental Determination of Flux Emissivity -- 4.16 Divergence of Net Radiation -- 4.17 Direct Measurement of Flux Divergence -- Part IV: Photochemical Processes -- 4.18 Dissociation of Oxygen and Its Consequences -- 4.19 Photoionization -- 4.20 Airglow -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER V. TRANSFER PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS -- 5.1 Energy Transfer Near the Earth's Surface -- 5.2 Heat Conduction into the Earth -- 5.3 Turbulent Transfer -- 5.4 Turbulent Transfer in the Adiabatic Atmosphere -- 5.5 Turbulent Transfer in the Diabatic Atmosphere -- 5.6 Vertical Fluxes of Heat and Water Vapor -- 5.7 Vertical Aerosol Distribution -- 5.8 Nocturnal Cooling -- 5.9 Fog Formation -- 5.10 Air Modification.
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5.11 Global Summary of Energy Transfer -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER VI. GEOMAGNETIC PHENOMENA -- 6.1 Magnetic Induction -- 6.2 Maxwell's Equations -- 6.3 Field of a Magnetic Dipole -- 6.4 Behavior of Plasma in Electromagnetic Fields -- 6.5 The Ceomagnetic Field -- 6.6 Dynamo Theory of Ceomagnetism -- 6.7 Ion Distribution -- 6.8 The Ionospheric Current -- 6.9 Particle Motion in the Magnetosphere -- 6.10 The Aurora -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- CHAPTER VII. ATMOSPHERIC SIGNAL PHENOMENA -- Part I: General Properties of Waves -- 7.1 Nature of Waves -- 7.2 Phase Speed -- 7.3 Electromagnetic Waves -- 7.4 Dispersion and Group Velocity -- Part II: Scattering of Radiation -- 7.5 The Physical Concept -- 7.6 Complex Index of Refraction -- 7.7 Radiation Emitted by an Oscillating Dipole -- 7.8 Small Particles -- 7.9 Diffraction -- 7.10 Refraction -- Part III: Atmospheric Probing -- 7.11 Visual Range -- 7.12 Determination of Absorbing Constituents -- 7.13 Optical Measurement of Lapse Rate -- 7.14 Radar Investigation -- 7.15 Radio Investigation of the Ionosphere -- 7.16 Acoustic Refraction -- 7.17 The Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer -- Part IV: Natural Signal Phenomena -- 7.18 Refraction of Light by Air -- 7.19 Refraction by Ice Crystals -- 7.20 Refraction by Water Drops -- 7.21 Naturally Occurring Atmospheric Radiowaves -- 7.22 Refraction of Sound Waves -- Part V: Effects of Nuclear Explosions -- 7.23 Electromagnetic Radiation -- 7.24 The Shock Wave in Air -- List of Symbols -- Problems -- General References -- APPENDIX I: MATHEMATICAL TOPICS -- A. Partial Differentiation -- B. Elementary Vector Operations -- C. Taylor Series -- D. The Total Differential -- E. The Exact Differential -- F. Gauss' and Stokes' Theorems -- G. The Potential Function -- H. Solid Angle -- APPENDIX II: PHYSICAL TOPICS.
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A. Units and Dimensions -- B. Significant Figures -- C. Electromagnetic Conversion Table -- D. Table of Physical Constants -- E. International Reference Atmosphere -- Bibliography -- Index.
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