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  • Chemistry  (394,210)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Physics ; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical ; Atoms ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Plasma (Ionized gases) ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Physics ; Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas
    Description / Table of Contents: Semiclassical Theory of Atoms presents a novel approach to theoretical atomic physics. The fundamental quantity in this new, powerful formalism is the effective potential, not the density. The starting point is the highly semiclassical approximation known as the Thomas-Fermi model. It is studied in great detail, and then refined in three steps by adding quantum corrections successively according to their importance. First, the strongly bound electrons are treated in detail. Second, the bulk of electrons is better described by introducing quantum corrections to the Thomas-Fermi treatment and by including the exchange interaction. At this stage, predicted binding energies, for instance, are correct to within a small fraction of a percent. Third, shell effects are introduced. The improved semiclassical treatment is then sufficiently refined to reproduce the systematics of the Periodic Table. It addresses the graduate student with a good knowledge of elementary quantum mechanics
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 402 p. 1 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540391418 , 9783540192046
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 300
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Materials science ; Optical materials ; Electronic materials ; Materials Surfaces ; Thin films ; Chemistry ; Optical materials ; Surfaces (Physics) ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Chemistry ; Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron-electron interactions in the physics of the 1D conductors -- Generalized wigner lattices and band motion effects -- Relationship between the 1-D fermi gas model and other models -- Electronic structure of the three phases in MEM(TCNQ)2 -- Experiments on the phase transitions in MEM(TCNO)2 -- The spin-peierls transition and other aspects of the magnetic behavior of the compounds TTF · MS4C4(CF3)4(M = Pt, Cu, Au) -- New theory of the spin-peierls transition with special relevance to the experiments on TTFCuBDT -- Theory for the order - disorder and metal-insulator phase-transitions in (Ti 1-C VC) 407 -- Analogies between a three-dimensional coulomb gas in a strong magnetic field and the one-dimensional electron gas with backward scattering -- Gap renormalization in the one-dimensional electron gas with backward scattering -- Properties of the one-dimensional electron gas -- The new method in the theory of nearly ideal one-dimensional fermi-gas. correlation functions -- Novel method to calculate the response functions of the tomonaga model -- Peterls dimerization and excitonic effects on the interband absorption of an antiferromagnetic hubbard chain -- Collective mode in quasi one-dimensional spin lattice coupled system -- Double resonance identification of the magnetic chain in quinolinium(TCNQ)2 -- Very low temperature magnetic phase transition in Pyridinium (TCNQ)2 -- Friedel oscillation in one-dimensional Hubbard model -- Spin-Peierls transition in magnetic field -- One-dimensional phonons and chain-ordering in Hg3-?AsF6 -- One-dimensional fluctuations and the chain-ordering transformation in Hg 3-?AsF6* -- Magnetic field induced residual resistivity and anisotropic superconductivity in the linear chain compound, Hg3-?AsF6 -- X-ray scattering studies on the quasi-one-dimensional conductors NbSe3 and TTF-SCN -- Lattice distortions and phonons in organic conductors with incommensurate lattices -- The crystal structures of electroconducting cation-radical salts -- New conducting ternary compounds (Ammonium-TCNQ-Iodine) the example of tmhda salt (Tetramethylhexamethylenediammonium) -- X-Ray diffuse scattering study of iodine chains in (TTT)2 I3+? -- Effects of disorder on the thermoelectric power and electrical conductivity of TTT2I3 -- Preparation, structure, and electrical conduction properties of quasi one dimensional platino-oxalates -- Electrical conductivity studies of K1.75[Pt(CN)4]1.5H2O ? K(def)CP. -- Phonon dispersion and neutron scattering law S(k,?) for a quasi-one-dimensional Peierls-system -- Interpretation of the infrared and Resonance Raman spectra of linear mixed valence compounds -- Evidence for a new type of orientational antiphase structure in platinum chain compounds -- Raman scattering and luminescence in K1.75Pt(CN)4·1.5H2O (K(def)TCP) -- Multiple band electron-phonon transport theory in A15-compounds -- Mean field theory of a one-dimensional band conductor, with arbitrary band filling -- Conductivity of quasi-one-dimensional metal system with random impurities -- Disordered 1D conductors -- Disordered magnetic chain behavior of quinolinium (TCNQ)2 and related materials at low temperatures -- Band filling, mobility and disorder in molecular conductors -- Transport and magnetic properties of a doped organic semiconductor - TTF with bromine -- Effects of impurities on the ordered phases of one-dimensional systems -- The effects of a low temperature irradiation on TTF-TCNQ and related compounds -- One dimensional spin glasses with antiferromagnetic exchange -- Magnetism in one-dimensional disordered systems -- Electron transmission and wave propagation through one dimensional disordered system -- Localization of spin waves in a dilute magnet near the percolation threshold -- Molecular substitutional disorder in solid solutions of TTF-TCNQ and TSeF-TCNQ -- Low temperature magnetic susceptibility of three complex tcnq salts with asymetric donors -- Low temperature magnetic susceptibility of the organic alloy NMP0.63phenazine0.37TCNQ -- Charge transfer c0mplexes of ferrocenes and TCNQ -- Some charge transfer salts of fluorinated TCNQ; mott insulators isostructural with organic conductors -- ACP(CL), a close analogue of KCP(Br) -- Physical properties of organic metallic compounds : radical-cations salts of TTT and TSeT with iodine -- The physical and chemical properties of the reaction product between trimethylammonium iodide and TCNQ. a ternary 1-D semiconductor with ‘metal-like’ conductivity -- Salts of TCNQ and heterocyclic amnes conjugated acids - New organic conductors via redox-reaction : Heterocyclic amines - TCNQ - hydroquinone -- Highly conducting salt: Tetpaphenyldithiadipyranylidene-iodine, dipsø4/I2.28 -- Optical and transport properties of TTT IxBr1.5?x alloys -- Semiconducting and metallic organic polymers: Chemically doped polyacetylene, (CH)x -- Transport properties of doped polyacetylene -- Properties of brominated (SN)x -- X-ray absorption in polymeric conductors -- Conductivity and magnetoresistance of the halogenated (SN)x-derivates: (SNBr0.4)x, (SNI0.02)x, [SN(ICI)0.1]x -- Magnetic properties of filamentary superconductors -- (SN)x semiconductor solar cells -- Conducting polymers -- Electronic structure of trans- and cis-polyacetylene -- Hall effect in AsF5 doped polyacetylene, (CH)x -- Kohn anomalies in the phonon dispersion on polysulfur nitride, (SN)x -- The electrical conductivity of poly(sulphur nitride) at microwave frequencies -- Low temperature thermal conductivity of polysulfur nitride, (SN)x. -- Structure of brominated (SN)x and S4N4 -- An electronic model for the high conductivity in brominated-(SN)x and in (SN)x under pressure -- Linear temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of brominated (SN)x -- Fluctuation magneto conductivity of a finite fibre -- Role of symmetry in the study of quasi one-dimensional systems -- Graph-theoretical approach to the estimation of the energy gap of polymeric conjugated hydrocarbons -- Temperature dependence and anisotropy of hc2 in superconducting (SN)x
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540353423 , 9783540092414
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 96
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Polymers ; Thermodynamics ; Atoms ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Polymers ; Statistical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Plasma (Ionized gases) ; Chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas ; Physical Chemistry ; Statistical Physics ; Polymer Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This monograph gives a detailed introductory exposition of research results for various models, mostly two-dimensional, of directed walks, interfaces, wetting, surface adsorption (of polymers), stacks, compact clusters (lattice animals), etc. The unifying feature of these models is that in most cases they can be solved analytically. The methods used include transfer matrices, generating functions, recurrence relations, and difference equations, and in some cases involve utilization of less familiar mathematical techniques such as continued fractions and q-series. The authors emphasize an overall view of what can be learned generally of the statistical mechanics of anisotropic systems, including phenomena near surfaces, by studying the solvable models. Thus, the concept of scaling and, where known, finite-size scaling properties are elucidated. Scaling and statistical mechanics of anisoptropic systems in general are active research topics. The volume provides a comprehensive survey of exact model results in this field
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 122 p. 1 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540481201 , 9783540514299
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 338
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Economics ; Engineering mathematics ; Mathematical optimization ; Numerical analysis ; Systems theory ; Chemistry ; Globale Optimierung ; Algorithmus ; Leistungsbewertung ; Softwaretest
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9783540463276
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 455
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary of the Wigner-Racah algebra of non-simply-reducible point groups with non-ambivalent classes -- Representations induced by polyhedral edges -- Bicentric matrices -- The matrix elements of s.-a. molecular orbitals -- Polyhedral coefficients referring to edges -- Triangular coefficients -- Triangular invariants -- Symmetry-adapted geminals and densities -- Pseudo-tetrahedral coefficients -- Two-particle interaction -- Complete bases of irreducible representations -- Transformation properties and structure of the multi-centre integrals -- Multi-centre integrals and molecular symmetry -- Ab initio determination of the polycentric invariants -- Wolfsberg-Helmholtz and Mulliken approximations -- Floating orbitals -- Overlap- and structural matrices, orthonormalization -- Many-electron systems -- Sketch of the VB picture -- Prospect of crystals -- Case study: Tetrahedral structures -- Case study: Matrix elements
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 140 p. 2 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540393498 , 9783540115892
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 167
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Thermodynamics ; Observations, Astronomical ; Astronomy Observations ; Astrophysics ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Thermodynamics ; Astronomy ; Astrophysics ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Complexity ; Thermodynamics ; Physical Chemistry ; Statistical Physics ; Astronomy ; Astrophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The articles in this book reflect the omnipresence of diffusion processes in the natural sciences. They describe experimental results as well as theoretical models and computer simulations, and address a wide readership including graduate students. The problems treated stem from physics, astronomy, physical chemistry, biology, and medicine. The papers are presented in a tutorial style and reflect the present-day trends in the field
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 312 p. 33 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540490388 , 9783540586531
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 438
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Phase transitions (Statistical physics) ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Crystals ; Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry ; Partially Ordered Systems, Glasses, Quasicrystals
    Description / Table of Contents: This book presents the proceedings of a workshop on glass-forming liquids held at the University of Bielefeld in 1985. The aim of the meeting was to seek unifying interpretations which may apply to all glass-forming materials like inorganic and polymer glasses. Also, new data was presented and modern interpretations were applied which represent the state-of-the-art knowledge about the unusual physical properties of these chemically-diverse glass-forming materials. The book should be of interest to specialists in the subject, to polymer scientists, glass technologists and materials scientists, but also - and most importantly - to researchers and teachers who wish to become informed on some of the most recent fundamental research in the fields
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540478386 , 9783540178019
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 277
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, inorganic ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Physics ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Complexity ; Physical Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: In this comprehensive text a systematic numerical and analytical treatment of the procedures for reducing complicated systems to a simplified reaction mechanism is presented. The results of applying the reduced reaction mechanism to a one-dimensional laminar flame are discussed. A set of premixed and non-premixed methane-air flames with simplified transport and skeletal chemistry are employed as test problems that are used later on to evaluate the results and assumptions in reduced reaction networks. The first four chapters form a short tutorial on the procedures used in formulating the test problems and in reducing reaction mechanisms by applying steady-state and partial-equilibrium approximations. The final six chapters discuss various aspects of the reduced chemistry problem for premixed and nonpremixed combustion
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (V, 248 p. 23 illus)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    ISBN: 9783540474968 , 9783540542100
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics 384
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Keywords: Energy policy ; Energy and state ; Environmental health ; Water-supply ; Environmental management ; Chemistry ; Social structure ; Social inequality ; Energy
    Description / Table of Contents: This book investigates the need for a more open and interdisciplinary dialogue on the nexus of food, water and energy security in the Arab region. It argues that achieving sustainable economic development is irretrievably tied to the security of the water-energy-food nexus, which is in turn essential for bringing about sustained peace. Further, it discusses various approaches to achieving these lofty objectives, and offers the following take-away messages: The Arab region is currently under considerable water stress, and the situation will continue to get worse with a number of global changes - most notably those related to climate and regional water distribution. Viable solutions are available in the Arab region and can be implemented through innovative policies, judicious use of new technologies, and stimulating public opinion. Integration across water, energy, and food sectors is obviously needed but achieving it in practice is extremely challenging. There are some gaps in the scientific understanding but at the same time there is a wealth of data and synthesized information that can guide decision-making
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 229 p. 56 illus., 46 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319484082
    Series Statement: Water Security in a New World
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: Nuclear energy ; Chemistry ; Quality control ; Reliability ; Industrial safety ; Environmental management ; Environment
    Description / Table of Contents: Managing nuclear power emergencies is significantly different from managing other types of emergencies, including fire, flood, and other disasters because nuclear disaster management requires special technical skills and a rigid protocol which outlines detailed steps and procedure before an evacuation announcement could be made. It was evident that the impacts from a nuclear power core-meltdown accident were immerse, irreversible, and inevitable, as evident by evaluating the three historic core-meltdown accidents, namely Three Mile Island in 1997, Chernobyl in 1986, and Fukushima Daiichi in 2011. The three options for minimizing the risks associated with NPPs are suggesting elimination of all NPPs in operation in the United States, transforming inevitable risks to evitable risks, and transforming the current radiological plan into an effective emergency management plan. Being the latter option is the only viable one, this book provides a comprehensive understanding on effectively managing nuclear power emergencies in the U.S. The book presents detailed analysis on effectively managing nuclear power emergencies. In an attempt to illustrate minimizing the risks, factual answers to the key questions surrounding managing nuclear disasters are outlined. What are the risks associated with the nuclear power plants (NPP)? What are the problems associated with managing nuclear power core-meltdown accidents in the three historic accidents? Where are the geographical locations of the 99 commercial reactors in the U.S? Who are those exposed to potential risks associated with the NPPs? How could a projection of radioactive plume dispersion pathway be carried out using a spatial computer code, such as the Radiological Assessment Systems for Consequence Analysis (RASCAL) in case of a core-meltdown accident? Where would the radioactive plume go given weather conditions? Who are more likely to be exposed to the high level radiation dose during the core-meltdown accident? What are the issues with the current radiological emergency plan?
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 359 p. 125 illus., 119 illus. in color, online resource)
    ISBN: 9783319503431
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Language: English
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