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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,916)
  • 1975-1979  (1,916)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of fault tolerant reaction paths (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of synthesizing an optimal low risk reaction network from unreliable reactions is formulated. An expected cost criterion function for decision-making is derived both for the case of a continuously operating network of reactions and for the case of reaction paths that involve batch reactions. It is shown that in general the decision space has a nonserial structure and the search for the optimal path will involve use of network search methods. An example is given where the optimal reaction path is synthesized for deoxyribonucleic acid. This example demonstrates the decision-making strategy for a class of bath reaction systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210111
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects in gas absorption (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transformation of the energy equation from the mass average to the volume average reference frame exposes a pseudo Dufour effect. The theoretical model for absorption into a stagnant liquid including this effect, the heat of absorption, variable density, an interfacial velocity, and an arbitrary equilibrium condition at the interface is able to predict experimental data over a wide range of conditions. The data consisted of liquid temperature profiles and mass transfer rates into a stagnant liquid. The ammonia-water system exhibited interfacial temperature rises from 6.9°K to 18.2°K. The interfacial temperature rise for the propane-decane system was 1.3°K. Simpler theoretical models were able to predict the mass transfer rates or the temperature profiles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210112
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of bubble diameter in gaseous fluidized beds (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble size is one of the most important parameters in the design and simulation of a fluidized-bed reactor.A correlation of the bubble size and growth in fluidized beds of various diameters is developed. A maximum bubble diameter determined from the bubble coalescence is incorporated in the correlation to relate the effect of the bed diameter on the bubble size.Experimental data of bubble size reported are used to develop and test the validity of the correlation. The bubble diameters calculated using this correlation show good agreement with the observed bubble diameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210114
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer studies across liquid/liquid interfaces (use of an analytical ultracentrifuge) (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data have been obtained using an Analytical Ultracentrifuge, in regions much closer to the interface in immiscible liquid/liquid systems than have hitherto been reported. The water/toluene system was investigated with acetic and propionic acids as the transfer solutes. The direction of mass transfer was from the water to the toluene phase. The data derived from the study indicates that the maximum mass transfer flux in the water/toluene system occurs, not at the interface, but at regions further away from it and that the water/toluene system offers significant interfacial resistance of about 104 s/cm to the transfer of acetic and propionic acids. The water/n-butanol system was also studied and found to offer negligible resistance to the transfer of acetic acid across the interface.Diffusion coefficients for ethylene glycol, glycerol, and n-butanol in water were also determined with the Ultracentrifuge. The values derived in this study were reproducible to within 5% and were in close agreement with those derived from classical diffusion experiments.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210113
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two kinds of self-preserving size spectra of a cloud of particles (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 128-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The population balances describing the time dependence of the size distribution can, under some conditions, be trasformed by means of a similarity transformation into an ordinary integro-differential equation containing two instead of three variables. If there is compatibility between the transformed equation and the constraints given by the total mass conservation equation and the equation for the total number of particles, a self-preserving spectrum of the first kind can be obtaiened. There are, however, many situations such as the sintering controlled aging of supported metal catalysts, coagulation of colloidal particles in laminar shear flow, and coagulation of colloidal particles in a turbulent flow when the particles are smaller than the size of the smallest eddy for which, although a similarity transformation is possible, the transformed equation has no solution because of incompatibility with the above mentioned constraints. A second kind of self-preserving spectrum is suggested for these situations. The new variables are induced from a particular case for which an analytical result is available. A detailed presentation of the sintering controlled aging of supported metal catalysts is presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210116
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical thermodynamics of liquid mixtures: A new expression for the excess Gibbs energy of partly or completely miscible systems (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 116-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To obtain a semi-theoretical equation for the excess Gibbs energy of a liquid mixture, Guggenheim's quasi-chemical analysis is generalized through introduction of the local area fraction as the primary concentration variable. The resulting universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) equation uses only two adjustable parameters per binary. Extension to multicomponent systems requires no ternary (or higher) parameters.The UNIQUAC equation gives good representation of both vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria for binary and multicomponent mixtures containing a variety of nonelectrolyte components such as hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, amines, alcohols, nitriles, etc., and water. When well-defined simplifying assumptions are introduced into the generalized quasi-chemical treatment, the UNIQUAC equation reduces to any one of several well-known equations for the excess Gibbs energy, including the Wilson, Margules, van Laar, and NRTL equations.The effects of molecular size and shape are introduced through structural parameters obtained from pure-component data and through use of Staverman's combinatorial entropy as a boundary condition for athermal mixtures. The UNIQUAC equation, therefore, is applicable also to polymer solutions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210115
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of decompositions for chemical process simulation (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been developed for selection of the set of torn streams in a process simulation that leads to convergence of a direct substitution calculation in the minimum number of iterations. It is based on the establishment of families of decompositions, the members of each of which have identical convergence behavior. Explicit criteria for choice among families have been found that lead, in almost every case, to a single optimum decomposition family. These results have been verified by application to several chemical process simulation examples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210117
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some fundamental aspects of spray drying (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equations are proposed to predict the three-dimensional motion of droplets in a spray dryer, based on a knowledge of the characteristics of the atomizing device and of the gas flow patterns in the drying chamber. If the droplet size distribution produced by the atomizing device is known or can be assumed, the trajectories of the droplets can be calculated throughout the drying process and hence the evaporative capacity and thermal efficiency of the spray dryer can be predicted.Experimental verification of this theoretical approach was obtained from a study of the drying of calcium lignosulfonate solutions of various concentrations in a 122-cm diam. × 183-cm high laboratory circular concurrent chamber with a conical bottom where the drying air was introduced tangentially near the top.An experimental study of the effects of a number of operating variables on the capacity and the efficiency of the spray dryer was also carried out. These effects were interpreted in terms of the droplet trajectories obtained in each case.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210118
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling of atomizing scrubbers (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for predicting particle collection efficiency in an atomizing scrubber has been developed. The model solves the diffusion equations for both droplets and particles by using particle in cell technique. The effect of scrubber size and water distribution from various points of injection have been studied on collection efficiency. The results of the mathematical prediction agrees very well with the data reported in the literature for a wide variety of operating conditions and configurations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210119
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of unsymmetric convention liquid-phase activity coefficients of hydrogen and methane (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A corresponding states method has been developed to predict the binary parameter in the unsymmetric-convention one-term Margules relation for binary activity coefficients of H2 and CH4 in solvents. In addition to the solvent density, only characteristic volumes used previously for partial molar volumes at infinite dilution and pure solvent compressibility are required. Comparisons with experiment for nonpolar solvents indicate that use of the method is usually significantly more accurate than assuming ideal solution (Henry's law).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210120
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