Note: Front Cover -- Photon, Beam and Plasma Assisted Processing -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CONFERENCE ORGANISATION -- SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS AND SPONSORS -- PLENARY LECTURES -- Future Very-large-scale Integration Technology -- The δ Doping Layer: Electronic Properties and Device Perspectives -- High Temperature Superconducting Ceramics -- Part 1: THEORETICAL ASPECTS -- Chapter 1. A THERMAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MELTING OF c- AND a-SILICON UNDER PULSED EXCIMER LASERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The parameters -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN LAYERED STRUCTURES DURING LASER PROCESSING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simulation procedure -- 3. Silicon-on-sapphire -- 4. SiO2-covered silicon -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 2: DEPOSITION -- Chapter 3. LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA ENHANCED CVD OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE SINGLE CRYSTALLINE AND POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON MATERIALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Plasma enhanced CVD of single crystalline silicon layers at low temperatures -- 3. Plasma enhanced CVD of polycrystalline silicon layers at low temperature, preserving epitaxial information from the substrate -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4. DELTA-TYPE DOPING PROFILES IN SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Growth procedure for delta layers -- 3. Characterization of delta layers -- 4. Device applications -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5. SYNTHESIS OF SILICON CARBIDE POWDERS BY A CW CO2 LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. LOW TEMPERATURE PHOTON-CONTROLLED GROWTH OF THIN FILMS AND MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. ArF LASER PHOTOCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FROM DISILANE: SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES AND COMPARISON WITH THERMAL CVD * -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- References -- Chapter 8. PRECISION SURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT AND FILM CHARACTERIZATION FOR LICVD OF a-Si:H FROM SiH4 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Chpater 9. PYROLYSIS AND IR LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4 MOLECULES IN THE PRESENCE OF NON REACTIVE AND REACTIVE ADDITIVES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. PHOTOASSISTED MBE OF CdTe THIN FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. PRECURSORS FOR THIN FILM OXIDES BY PHOTO-MOCVD -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Selection of precursors -- 3. Ultra-violet absorption of organometallic compounds -- 4. ß-Diketonates -- 5. Precursors of oxides -- 6. Aluminium oxide -- 7. Titanium dioxide -- 8. Lead oxide -- 9. Scandium oxide -- 10. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. CW AND PULSED UV LASER-INDUCED DEPOSITION FROM Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, AND W(CO)6 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 13. LOW TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON USING EXCIMER LASER IRRADIATION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Large area oxidation -- 3. Patterned oxidation -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. DEPOSITION OF HIGH QUALITY SiO2 LAYERS FROM TEOS BY EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Physical properties of the SiO2 layers -- 4. Electrical properties -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. EVAPORATION OF SOLIDS BY PULSED LASER IRRADIATION. , 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 16. PULSED LASER ABLATIVE DEPOSITION OF THIN METAL FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 17. GROWTH MODEL FOR MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental setup and results -- 3. A growth model for hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 18. THIN LAYERS OBTAINED BY PLASMA JET DEPOSITION AT LOW PRESSURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Results -- 3. Diffusion and decomposition of the compounds or elements in the plasma jet -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19. LASER-INDUCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF CHROMIUM FILMS FROM CHROMIUMHEXACARBONYL USING A KrF EXCIMER LASER -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiments -- 3. Model considerations -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. OXIDE GROWTH ON SILICIDES IN OXYGEN PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21. PLASMA NITRIDED OXIDE FILMS AS A THIN GATE DIELECTRIC -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 22. MODELLING OF SILICON NITRIDE DEPOSITION BY 254 nm Hg-PHOTOSENSITIZATION AND 185 nm PHOTOLYSIS OF SiH4/NH3 GAS MIXTURE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Modelling -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 23. INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANISM OF C02 LASER DRIVEN PRODUCTION OF ULTRAFINE SINTERABLE (Si3N4 AND SiC) POWDERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- References -- Chapter 24. EXCIMER LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS FOR Zn DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction. , 2. UV photolysis of DMZn and DEZN -- 3. Excimer (KrF) induced deposition of Zn from DEZn -- References -- Chapter 25. CHARACTERIZATION OF ION-BEAM-SPUTTERED TUNGSTEN FILMS ON SILICON -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental details -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 26. AN IN SITU INFRARED STUDY OF THE ROOM TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF SILICON WITH ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Instrumental -- 3. Procedure -- 4. Results and discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27. LOW TEMPERATURE CRYSTALLISATION OF AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS FOR THE FABRICATION OF THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deposition and thermal annealing of silicon layers -- 3. Transmission electron microscopy study -- 4. As-deposited film -- 5. Low-temperature annealed films -- 6. Effect of deposition parameters on grain size -- 7. PECVD oxides -- 8. Electrical characterisation -- 9. Thin-film transistors -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Part 3: ETCHING -- Chapter 28. UV LASER ETCHING PROCESSES FOR FILM LAYERS USED IN SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Results and discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 29. MICROWAVE MULTIPOLAR PLASMA FOR ETCHING AND DEPOSITION -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microwave multipolar plasma -- 3. Microwave excitation -- 4. Silicon etching by fluorine -- 5. Silicon homoepitaxy -- References -- Chapter 30. MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHEMICALLY PHOTO-ASSISTED ETCHING -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental set-up -- 3. Non-reactive etching -- 4. Chemically assisted etching -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 31. ON THE APPLICATION OF XPS, SSIMS AND QCM TO STUDY THE SURFACE OF A CF4 /O2 PLASMA TREATED POLYCARBONATE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 32. SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE ETCHING BY HALOGENS: FUNDAMENTAL STEPS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Thermal desorption analysis -- 4. Isothermal gas phase analysis -- 5. Auger surface analysis for 300 K adsorption -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 33. LASER-INDUCED PHOTOETCHING OF SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 34. SILICON DAMAGE AND RESIDUE OVERLAYER CAUSED BY RIE AND RIBE PROCESSES WITH CHF3 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 35. CW-LASER INDUCED CHEMICAL ETCHING OF THIN SILVER AND MOLYBDENUM FILMS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 36. LASER PHOTOABLATION OF SPIN-ON-GLASS AND POLY(ETHYL CYANOACRYLATE) PHOTORESIST -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials -- 3. Experiment -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 37. CARBONACEOUS OVERLAYER AND NEAR-SURFACE DAMAGE AFTER PURE CF4 REACTIVE ION BEAM ETCHING OF SILICON: EXPOSURE DOSE EFFECTS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental procedure -- 3. Experimental results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 38. FINE STRUCTURING OF MAGNETIC AND HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING CERAMIC OXIDES IN AN HC1 PLASMA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental method -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Computer simulations -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 4: DOPING -- Chapter 39. LASER ASSISTED DIFFUSION IN GaAs FROM THIN EVAPORATED LAYERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical melted depth -- 3. Sample preparation -- 4. Experimental results -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 40. OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS INVOLVED IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DOPING OF Si WITH A PULSED ArF EXCIMER LASER.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Foregrounding and Temporal Relations in Narrative Discourse -- English Temporal Clauses in a Reference Frame Model -- Three Present Time Adverbials: Nowadays, These Days and Today -- Reference Time and Modality -- The Temporal Structure of Narrative Texts -- Bibliography.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Wind Engineering, Part I -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WIND ENGINEERING -- THE CONFERENCE -- PROGRAM SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SESSION 1: Wind Characteristics and Description Introductory Remarks -- CHAPTER 1. REVIEW OF PAPERS FOR SESSION 1 : WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTION -- LONG-PERIOD WIND STATISTICS -- STRUCTURE OF WINDS OVER SIMPLE TERRAIN -- EFFECTS OF SPECIAL TERRAIN FEATURES -- WIND CHARACTERISTICS IN SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL SITUATIONS LEADING TO VIOLENT WINDS -- EFFECTS OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES ON LOCAL WIND CHARACTERISTICS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. Extreme wind climate of the United Kingdom* -- INTRODUCTION -- PARENT DATA -- SELECTION OF SITES AND PERIOD FOR ANALYSIS -- ANALYSIS -- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. INTEGRAL LENGTH SCALES IN STRONG WINDS BELOW 20 m -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA PROCESSING -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. POWER SPECTRA OF LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL WIND SPEED NEAR THE GROUND IN STRONG WINDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OUTLINE OF THE OBSERVATION -- 3. THEORETICAL EXPRESSIONS -- 4. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. THE STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE DURING STRONG WINDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AUTOCORRELATION -- VERTICAL CROSSCORRELATION -- HORIZONTAL CROSSCORRELATION -- POWER SEPECTRUM -- SPECTRUM OF COHERENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCIES -- CHAPTER 6. TURBULENT PROPERTIES AND SPECTRAL BEHAVIOURS OF OCEAN WINDS OBSERVED AT AN OFF-SHORE TOWER -- ABSTRACT -- NOTATION -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INSTRUMENTATION -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. EXTREME WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , PHYSICAL MODEL -- CLIMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. EXTREME WINDS GENERATED FROM SHORT RECORDS IN A TROPICAL CYCLONE-PRONE REGION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPOSED MODEL -- MARKOV PROPERTY AND STATIONARY TESTS -- APPLICATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. OBSERVED EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE WIND FIELD OF CYCLONE WINIFRED -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WIND SPEEDS APPROACHING THE COAST -- OBSERVED TOPOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES -- REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. DISCUSSION ON SESSION 1 - WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND DESCRIPTION -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY A. FLAGA AND B. WRANA -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY Y. TAMURA AND K. SUDA -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY 6. TETZLAFF AND A.M. HOFF -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY H.W. TIELEMAN -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R.E. WHITBREAD -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY G. NAITO -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY D. DELAUNAY -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER OF G.R. WALKER, G.F. REARDON AND E.D. JANCAUSKAS -- DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R.G.J. FLAY AND D.C. STEVENSON -- SESSION 2: WIND ENVIRONMENT -- CHAPTER 11. WIND ENVIRONMENT: Theme Introduction and Report on Preprint Papers Not Included in Proceedings -- CHAPTER 12. WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY PROFILES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN. CASE OF ALPINE REGIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DIFFICULTIES TO BE OVERCOME AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS -- CASE STUDY : WIND FIELD AT THE SIMPLON PASS -- CONTRIBUTION OF WIND-TUNNEL TESTS TO DETERMINATION OF GUSTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13. SIMPLE APPROXIMATIONS FOR WIND SPEED-UP OVER HILLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MODIFIED EXPOSURE FACTOR -- CONSTRAINTS OF THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- BACKGROUND TO THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- OTHER SIMPLE APPROACHES TO ESTIMATE WIND SPEED-UPS -- COMPARISONS WITH THE PROPOSED FORMULATION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. STUDY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CONDITIONS AT GROUND LEVEL IN A BUILT-UP AREA -- ABSTRACT -- NOTATION -- INTRODUCTION -- ASSESSMENT OF WIND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AT GROUND LEVEL AROUND THE PROPOSED BUILDING SITE -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. A WIND TUNNEL TEST ON THE BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTICS ABOVE AN URBAN AREA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION -- 3. RESULTS -- 4. COMPARISON WITH FIELD AND LABORATORY DATA -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCE -- CHAPTER 16. ENVIRONMENTAL WIND CHARACTERISTICS AROUND THE BASE OF A TALL BUILDING - A COMPARISON BETWEEN MODEL TEST AND FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT -- WIND TUNNEL TEST -- COMPARISON OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. SEDIMENT-LADEN VELOCITY PROFILES DEVELOPED IN A LONG BOUNDARY-LAYER WIND TUNNEL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS -- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Discussion of Session 2 - Wind environment -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: T. Maruyama and H. Ishizaki -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr M. Ohba -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: S. Kawamura -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: J. Tsutsumi -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: H. Utsunomiya -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr J.-A. Hertig -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: G. Konig -- AUTHOR'S REPLY: Dr J.E. Cermak -- SESSION 3: FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES -- CHAPTER 19. 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIND ENGINEERING -- THEME INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 20. REVIEW OF INTERFERENCE-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS IN FLOW PAST TWO PARALLEL CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS -- Abstract -- NOMENCLATURE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE INTERFERENCE FLOW REGIMES -- JET-SWITCH MECHANISM -- GAP-FLOW-SWITCH MECHANISM -- WAKE-DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM -- WAKE-GALLOPING MECHANISM. , FINAL COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. VORTEX SHEDDING FROM TWO CYLINDERS IN TANDEM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF OSCILLATING LIFT ON A RIGID SQUARE SECTION CYLINDER IN A TURBULENT STREAM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. EFFECT OF END PLATES ON THE FLOW AROUND ROUGH CYLINDERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FLOW AROUND SMOOTH CIRCULAR CYLINDERS -- ROUGHNESS EFFECTS -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT AND PROCEDURE -- PRESENTATION OF RESULTS -- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS -- FLOW REGIMES FOR CYLINDERS WITH LARGE ROUGHNESS -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 24. RECONSTRUCTION OF INSTATIONARY WIND LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON STRUCTURES FROM MEASURED STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TIME HISTORIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BASIC PRINCIPLES AND EQUATIONS -- 3. SOME NUMERICAL EXAMPLES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL TRANSIENT LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS -- 4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. DETAILED PRESSURE FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR SOME 2-0 RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL SET UP -- ANGLE FOR REATTACHMENT -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. THE EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE ON BLUFF-BODY MEAN FLOW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- 4. THE EFFECTS OF LARGE-SCALE TURBULENCE -- 5. THE SHEAR-LAYER/EDGE DIRECT INTERACTION IN SMOOTH FLOW -- 6. PROMOTION OF THE SHEAR-LAYER/EDGE DIRECT INTERACTION BY SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE -- 7. THE STRUCTURE OF BLUFF-BODY NEAR WAKE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS IN PULSATING FLOW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION. , EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND MODELS -- PRESSURE ON CYLINDER IN PULSATING FLOW -- RELATION BETWEEN VORTEX-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS AND SYNCHRONIZATION IN PULSATING FLOW -- EFFECT OF PULSATING FLOW ON AERODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 28.THE USE OF A FOREBODY PLATE TO REDUCE THE DRAG AND TO IMPROVE THE AERODYNAMIC STABILITY OF A CYLINDER OF SQUARE CROSS-SECTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TANDEM BODY AERODYNAMICS -- TEST OUTLINE -- TEST RESULTS -- EFFECT ON VORTEX SHEDDING -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. STABILITY OF WIND-LOADED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHOD OF ANALYSES -- NUMERICAL RESULTS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. THE SEPARATED SHEAR LAYERS ASSOCIATED WITH HEMISPHERICAL BODIES IN TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DETAILS OF EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 31. ON A MECHANISM OF VORTEX EXCITED OSCILLATIONS OF A CYLINDER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE OSCILLATOR MODEL -- SMALL DISTURBANCES AND THE "EIGENVALUE" PROBLEM -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Discussion of Session 3: Fundamental Studies -- Murakami et al -- Tamura -- Albrecht et al -- Namiranian and Gartshore -- Sant Ana et al -- Nakamura et al -- Cooper -- Kapania -- Berger -- SESSION 4: HIGH RISE BUILDINGS -- CHAPTER 33. AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF TALL BUILDINGS IN WAKES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS -- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- ANALYSIS OF RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 34. STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO WIND WITH SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DESCRIPTION OF FOUNDATION FLEXIBILITY -- GOVERNING EQUATIONS -- EFFECT OF FOUNDATION FLEXIBILITY ON MODAL PROPERTIES -- RESPONSE TO GUSTING WIND -- RESPONSE TO VORTEX SHEDDING. , CONCLUSIONS.

Note: Front Cover -- Windbreak Technology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Dedication -- Keynote address -- Shelter: Its Management and Promotion -- CONSTRAINTS TO SHELTER ADOPTION -- SHELTER FUNCTIONS -- EXTENSION AND PROMOTION -- SOME RESEARCH NEEDS -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 1: WINDBREAK BASICS -- Chapter 1. Effects of Windbreaks on Turbulent Transport and Microclimate -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SIMILARITY AND SCALING -- TURBULENCE PATTERNS NEAR WINDBREAKS -- TRANSPORT OF SCALARS -- C02 CONCENTRATION -- HUMIDITY -- TEMPERATURE -- SATURATION DEFICIT AND EVAPORATION -- SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX -- NET RADIATION AND GROUND HEAT FLUX -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Effects of Windbreak Structure on Wind Flow -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CHARACTERIZING WINDBREAK STRUCTURE -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAK STRUCTURE ON AVERAGE WINDSPEED -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAK STRUCTURE ON TURBULENCE -- INFLUENCE OF APPROACH WIND CHARACTERISTICS -- NETWORKS OF WINDBREAKS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR WINDBREAK DESIGN -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF SYMBOLS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Plant Response to Wind -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HEAT TRANSFER AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE -- PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO PLANT SURFACES -- WIND AND WATER RELATIONS -- MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL STIMULI -- PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH -- INTERACTION WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 2: WIND EROSION -- Chapter 4. Basic Wind Erosion Processes -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MEAN WINDS -- PARTICLE DYNAMICS -- THRESHOLD CONDITIONS -- PARTICLE FLOW RATES -- PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Basic Principles of Wind Erosion Control -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REDUCE FIELD WIDTHS BY ESTABLISHING BARRIERS OR STRIP CROPPING. , ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN VEGETATION OR VEGETATIVE RESIDUES TO PROTECT THE SOIL -- MAINTAIN STABLE AGGREGATES OR CLODS ON THE SOIL SURFACE -- ROUGHEN THE LAND SURFACE -- RESHAPE THE LAND TO REDUCE EROSION ON KNOLLS WHERE CONVERGING WIND FLOW CAUSES INCREASED VELOCITY AND SHEAR STRESS -- OTHER WIND EROSION SITUATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Design and Use of Field Windbreaks in Wind Erosion Control Systems -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 3: NON-WOODY WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 7. The Use of Perennial Herbaceous Barriers for Water Conservation and the Protection of Soils and Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8· Annual Herbaceous Windbarriers for Protecting Crops and Soils and Managing Snowfall -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBARRIER EFFECTS -- CROP PROTECTION -- CROP YIELD -- SOIL PROTECTION -- SNOW MANAGEMENT -- WINDBARRIER EFFECTIVENESS -- DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 4: CROP RESPONSE TO WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 9· Benefits of Windbreaks to Field and Forage Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FACTORS OF SHELTERBELT EFFECTS ON CROP YIELDS -- VARIABILITY OF SHELTERBELT EFFECTS ON CROP YIELDS -- ECONOMIC VALUE OF SHELTERBELTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. The Influence of Field Windbreaks on Vegetable and Specialty Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CROP QUALITY AND WINDBREAK PROTECTION -- CROP YIELD AND WIND PROTECTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Windbreaks: Benefits to Orchard and Vineyard Crops -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HUMIDITY -- TEMPERATURE -- AIR MOVEMENT -- PESTS AND DISEASES -- IMPROVED TREE AND FRUIT QUALITY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Field Windbreaks: Design Criteria -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD WINDBREAKS. , SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIELD WINDBREAKS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 5: LIVESTOCK AND WINDBREAKS -- Chapter 13. Layout and Design Criteria for Livestock Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DESIGN CRITERIA -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 6: WINDBREAKS AND ENERGY -- Chapter 14. Use of Windbreaks for Home Energy Conservation -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AIR EXCHANGE IN HOMES -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON AIR EXCHANGE -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON OTHER HOME HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES -- WINDBREAK EFFECTS ON ENERGY NEEDS FOR HOME HEATING -- WINDBREAKS AND HOME COOLING ENERGY NEEDS -- GUIDELINES FOR USING WINDBREAKS TO CONSERVE HOME HEATING ENERGY -- ECONOMICS OF WINDBREAK USE TO CONSERVE ENERGY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Farmstead Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BENEFITS OF FARMSTEAD WINDBREAKS -- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR FARMSTEAD WINDBREAKS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Functions of Buffer Plantings in Urban Environments -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BUFFER PLANTINGS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT -- CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFER PLANTINGS -- PRESERVATION AND PLANTING OF BUFFERS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 7: WINDBREAKS AND WILDLIFE -- Chapter 17. Influences of Shelterbelts on Wildlife Management and Biology -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REPRODUCTIVE HABITAT -- FOOD AVAILABILITY AND DIVERSITY -- SHELTERBELTS AS TRAVEL LANES OR CORRIDORS -- SHELTER FROM PREDATION -- SHELTER FROM WEATHER -- HOW WIND AFFECTS ANIMALS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF SHELTERBELTS THAT RELATE TO WILDLIFE USE -- ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Design of Windbreaks for Windlife in the Great Plains of North America. -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 8: WINDBREAKS , SNOW AND WATER USE. , Chapter 19. The Design and Use of Living Snow Fences in North America -- ABSTRACT -- DEFINITION -- HISTORY -- ADVANTAGES -- DISADVANTAGES -- ECONOMICS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUCED DRIFTS -- SPECIES SELECTION -- NUMBER OF ROWS -- SPACING -- WILDLIFE COMPONENTS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Snow Distribution on Crop Fields -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF FIELD BARRIERS ON SNOW-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS -- FACTORS INFLUENCING SNOW-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS -- DESIGNING A SERIES OF SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS -- MANAGEMENT OF SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS - PRUNING AND THINNING -- SELECTING TREE SPECIES FOR SINGLE-ROW FIELD WINDBREAKS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Crop Water Use and Water Conservation Benefits from Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO WATER -- A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF WINDBREAKS ON MOISTURE CONSERVATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Effects of Shelter on Plant Water Use -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 9: WINDBREAK PLANTING AND ESTABLISHMENT -- Chapter 23. Planting and Establishment of Windbreaks in Arid Areas -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBREAK ESTABLISHMENT -- SPECIES SELECTION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Shelterbelt Plantings in Semi-arid Areas -- ABSTRACT -- THE SEMI-ARID LANDS OF THE WORLD -- SOILS AND SPECIFIC SOIL PROBLEMS -- PLANTING AND ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES -- DESIGN OF SHELTERBELTS -- SHELTERBELT LAYOUT AND FARM ECONOMICS -- SPECIES FOR SHELTERBELT PLANTINGS IN SEMI-ARID AREAS -- FARM SHELTER - WITHOUT PLANTING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25. Planting and Establishment of Shelterbelts in Humid Severe-Winter Regions -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PLANTING STOCK -- SITE PREPARATION -- PLANTING -- WEED CONTROL -- IRRIGATION -- SHELTERBELT PROTECTION -- SURVIVAL AND REPLACEMENTS -- CONCLUSION. , REFERENCES -- Chapter 26. Plantings in Tropical and Subtropical Areas -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL REGIONS -- WINDBREAKS -- SHADE -- SOIL EROSION -- AGROFORESTRY -- SPECIES AND ESTABLISHMENT -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 27. Genetic Improvement of Trees and Shrubs Used in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TRAITS OF IMPORTANCE TO WINDBREAKS -- TREE IMPROVEMENT METHODS FOR WINDBREAK SPECIES -- THE FUTURE -- REFERENCES -- SECTION 10: WINDBREAK MANAGEMENT -- Chapter 28. Disease Management in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- NURSERY DISEASES -- ROOT DISEASES -- STEM DISEASES -- FOLIAGE AND TWIG DISEASES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 29. Insect Management in Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERATURE REVIEW -- ECONOMIC VALUE OF INSECT DAMAGE -- COMMON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 30. Influence of Wind and Windbreaks on Local Dispersal of Insects -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- INSECT MOVEMENT IN RELATION TO AIR MOVEMENT -- INFLUENCE OF WINDBREAKS ON INSECT DISTRIBUTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- EDITOR'S NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 31. Vertebrate Pest Management in Windbreak Systems -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPICAL VERTEBRATE DAMAGE -- DAMAGE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY -- DAMAGE CONTROL METHODS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 32. Windbreak renovation in the American Great Plains -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERATURE REVIEW -- SILVICULTURAL TECHNIQUES -- RENOVATION ECONOMICS -- LONG-RANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN -- GENERAL RENOVATION GUIDELINES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 33. Agroforestry and Windbreaks -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WINDBREAKS AND AGROFORESTRY -- CULTURE AND STRUCTURE -- TWO-STORY AGRICULTURE -- NEEDS FOR RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION -- CONCLUSIONS. , REFERENCES.

Note: Front Cover -- Introduction to Solid State Electronics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to the second edition -- Chapter 1. Electrons as particles -- 1.1 Resistivity and conductivity -- 1.2 Temperature dependence of resistivity -- 1.3 Current and current density -- 1.4 Equation of continuity -- 1.5 Electric field and potential -- 1.6 Electron in electric and magnetic fields -- Problems to chapter 1 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Electrons as waves -- 2.1 Wave-particle duality -- 2.2 Uncertainty principle -- 2.3 Plane wave and wave packets -- 2.4 Energy quantization -- Problems to chapter 2 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3. Probability and distribution functions -- 3.1 Probability -- 3.2 Distribution functions -- 3.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics -- 3.4 Bose-Einstein statistics -- 3.5 Fermi-Dirac statistics -- Problems to chapter 3 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Electron lifetime, mobility -- 4.1 Electron lifetime -- 4.2 Boltzmann transport equation -- 4.3 Conductivity and mobility -- 4.4 Measurement of resistivity -- 4.5 Hall effect and magnetoresistance -- Problems to chapter 4 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5. Wave mechanics -- 5.1 Wave representation -- 5.2 Schrödinger's equation -- 5.3 Effect of a potential jump -- 5.4 Particle in a box - infinite potential well -- 5.5 Particle in a potential well - finite potential barrier -- 5.6 Tunnelling through potential energy barriers -- 5.7 Harmonic oscillator -- 5.8 The one-electron atom -- 5.9 The periodic table of the elements -- Problems to chapter 5 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Periodic lattice -- 6.1 Direct lattice -- 6.2 Fourier series -- 6.3 Reciprocal lattice -- 6.4 Diffraction condition -- Problems to chapter 6 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7. Electrons in the lattice -- 7.1 Bloch theorem -- 7.2 Electron waves in a periodic potential -- 7.3 Band gap -- 7.4 Kronig-Penney model. , 7.5 Velocity of the Bloch electron -- 7.6 Effective mass -- 7.7 Number of states in a band -- 7.8 Hole -- Problems to chapter 7 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8. Energy bands in crystals -- 8.1 Energy bands -- 8.2 Metals, insulators, and semiconductors -- 8.3 Density of states -- 8.4 Brillouin zones -- Problems to chapter 8 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9. Carrier concentrations -- 9.1 Density of electrons in the conduction band - classical approximation -- 9.2 Fermi-Dirac integral -- 9.3 Density of electrons in the conduction band - degenerate approximation -- 9.4 Density of holes in the valence band -- 9.5 Intrinsic semiconductor -- Problems to chapter 9 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10. Extrinsic semiconductors -- 10.1 Impurity states -- 10.2 Types of defect -- 10.3 Statistics of ionization equilibria -- 10.4 Law of mass action -- 10.5 Compensation -- Problems to chapter 10 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11. Lattice waves -- 11.1 Linear monatomic lattice -- 11.2 Linear diatomic lattice -- 11.3 Phonon -- 11.4 Lattice heat capacity -- 11.5 Lattice thermal conductivity -- Problems to chapter 11 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12. Mobility and conductivity -- 12.1 Impurity scattering -- 12.2 Phonon scattering -- 12.3 Mobility -- Problems to chapter 12 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13. Ambipolar transport -- 13.1 Diffusion current -- 13.2 Direct recombination -- 13.3 Recombination centers and traps -- 13.4 Ambipolar transport -- 13.5 Haynes-Shockley experiment -- 13.6 Photoconductivity -- Problems to chapter 13 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 14. The p-n junction -- 14.1 Transition region -- 14.2 Potential distribution in the transition region -- 14.3 The p-n junction -- 14.4 Simplified model for p-n junction -- 14.5 Depletion approximation -- Problems to chapter 14 -- Bibliography -- Chapter 15. Semiconductor surfaces -- 15.1 Surfaces -- 15.2 Surface states. , 15.3 The space-charge region -- 15.4 Surface excess of carriers -- 15.5 Metal-semiconductor contacts -- 15.6 Metal-insulator-semiconductor structure -- Problems to chapter 15 -- Bibliography -- List of symbols -- References -- Appendix I. Physical Constants -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials with an Introduction to Linear Viscoelasticity -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Elastic Behavior -- 1.2 Plastic Behavior -- 1.3 Viscoelastic Behavior -- 1.4 Creep -- 1.5 Recovery -- 1.6 Relaxation -- 1.7 Linearity -- CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL SURVEY OF CREEP -- 2.1 Creep of Metals -- 2.2 Creep under Uniaxial Stress -- 2.3 Creep under Combined Stresses -- 2.4 Creep under Variable Stress -- 2.5 Creep of Plastics -- 2.6 Mathematical Representation of Creep of Materials -- 2.7 Differential Form -- 2.8 Integral Form -- 2.9 Development of Nonlinear Constitutive Relations -- CHAPTER 3. STATE OF STRESS AND STRAIN -- 3.1 State of Stress -- 3.2 Stress Tensor -- 3.3 Unit Tensor -- 3.4 Principal Stresses -- 3.5 Mean Normal Stress Tensor and Deviatoric Stress Tensor -- 3.6 Invariants of Stress -- 3.7 Traces of Tensors and Products of Tensors -- 3.8 Invariants in Terms of Traces -- 3.9 Hamilton-Cayley Equation -- 3.10 State of Strain -- 3.11 Strain-Displacement Relation -- 3.12 Strain Tensor -- CHAPTER 4. MECHANICS OF STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSES -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Law of Motion -- 4.3 Equations of Equilibrium -- 4.4 Equilibrium of Moments -- 4.5 Kinematics -- 4.6 Compatibility Equations -- 4.7 Constitutive Equations -- 4.8 Linear Elastic Solid -- 4.9 Boundary Conditions -- 4.10 The Stress Analysis Problem in a Linear Isotropic Elastic Solid -- CHAPTER 5. LINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Viscoelastic Models -- 5.3 The Basic Elements: Spring and Dashpot -- 5.4 Maxwell Model -- 5.5 Kelvin Model -- 5.6 Burgers or Four-element Model -- 5.7 Generalized Maxwell and Kelvin Models -- 5.8 Retardation Spectrum for tn -- 5.9 Differential Form of Constitutive Equations for Simple Stress States. , 5.10 Differential Form of Constitutive Equations for Multiaxial Stress States -- 5.11 Integral Representation of Viscoelastic Constitutive Equations -- 5.12 Creep Compliance -- 5.13 Relaxation Modulus -- 5.14 Boltzmann's Superposition Principle and Integral Representation -- 5.15 Relation Between Creep Compliance and Relaxation Modulus -- 5.16 Generalization of the Integral Representation to Three Dimensions -- 5.17 Behavior of Linear Viscoelastic Material under Oscillating Loading -- 5.18 Complex Modulus and Compliance -- 5.19 Dissipation -- 5.20 Complex Compliance and Complex Modulus of Some Viscoelastic Models -- 5.21 Maxwell Model -- 5.22 Kelvin Model -- 5.23 Burgers Model -- 5.24 Relation Between the Relaxation Modulus and the Complex Relaxation Modulus -- 5.25 Relation Between Creep Compliance and Complex Compliance -- 5.26 Complex Compliance for tn -- 5.27 Temperature Effect and Time-Temperature Superposition Principle -- CHAPTER 6. LINEAR VISCOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Beam Problems -- 6.3 Stress Analysis of Quasi-static Viscoelastic Problems Using the Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle -- 6.4 Thick-walled Viscoelastic Tube* -- 6.5 Point Force Acting on the Surface of a Semi-infinite Viscoelastic Solid -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- CHAPTER 7. MULTIPLE INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior under Uniaxial Loading -- 7.3 Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior under Multiaxial Stress State -- 7.4 A Linearly Compressible Material -- 7.5 Incompressible Material Assumption -- 7.6 Linearly Compressible, II -- 7.7 Constant Volume -- 7.8 Incompressible and Linearly Compressible Creep in Terms of σ -- 7.9 Incompressible and Linearly Compressible Relaxation in Terms of ε -- 7.10 Constitutive Relations under Biaxial Stress and Strain. , 7.11 Constitutive Relations under Uniaxial Stress and Strain -- 7.12 Strain Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Stress States, Compressible Material -- 7.13 Strain Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Stress States, Linearly Compressible Material -- 7.14 Stress Components for Biaxial and Uniaxial Strain States -- 7.15 Approximating Nonlinear Constitutive Equations under Short Time Loading -- 7.16 Superposed Small Loading on a Large Constant Loading -- 7.17 Other Representations -- 7.18 Finite Linear Viscoelasticity -- 7.19 Elastic Fluid Theory -- 7.20 Thermodynamic Constitutive Theory -- CHAPTER 8. NONLINEAR CREEP AT CONSTANT STRESS AND RELAXATION AT CONSTANT STRAIN -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Constitutive Equations for 3 X 3 Matrix -- 8.3 Components of Strain for Creep at Constant Stress -- 8.4 Components of Stress for Relaxation at Constant Strain -- 8.5 Biaxial Constitutive Equations for 2 x 2 Matrix -- 8.6 Components of Strain (or Stress) for Biaxial States for 2 x 2 Matrix -- 8.7 Constitutive Equations for Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.8 Components of Strain for Creep of Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.9 Components of Stress for Relaxation of Linearly Compressible Material -- 8.10 Poisson's Ratio -- 8.11 Time Functions -- 8.12 Determination of Kernel Functions for Constant Stress Creep -- 8.13 Determination of Kernel Functions for Constant-Strain Stress-Relaxation -- 8.14 Experimental Results of Creep -- CHAPTER 9. NONLINEAR CREEP (OR RELAXATION) UNDER VARIABLE STRESS (OR STRAIN) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Direct Determination of Kernel Functions -- 9.3 Product-Form Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.4 Additive Forms of Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.5 Modified Superposition Method -- 9.6 Physical Linearity Approximation of Kernel Functions -- 9.7 Comparison. , CHAPTER 10. CONVERSION AND MIXING OF NONLINEAR CREEP AND RELAXATION -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Relation Between Creep and Stress Relaxation for Uniaxial Nonlinear Viscoelasticity -- 10.3 Example: Prediction of Uniaxial Stress Relaxation from Creep of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material -- 10.4 Relation Between Creep and Relaxation for Biaxial Nonlinear Viscoelasticity -- 10.5 Behavior of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Material under Simultaneous Stress Relaxation in Tension and Creep in Torsion -- 10.6 Prediction of Creep and Relaxation under Arbitrary Input -- CHAPTER 11. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nonlinear Creep Behavior at Elevated Temperatures -- 11.3 Determination of Temperature Dependent Kernel Functions -- 11.4 Creep Behavior under Continuously Varying Temperature-Uniaxial Case -- 11.5 Creep Behavior under Continuously Varying Temperature for Combined Tension and Torsion -- 11.6 Thermal Expansion Instability -- CHAPTER 12. NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Solid Circular Cross-section Shaft under Twisting -- 12.3 Beam under Pure Bending -- 12.4 Thick-walled Cylinder under Axially Symmetric Loading -- CHAPTER 13. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Loading Apparatus for Creep -- 13.3 Load Application -- 13.4 Test Specimen -- 13.5 Uniform Stressing or Straining -- 13.6 Strain Measurement -- 13.7 Temperature Control -- 13.8 Humidity and Temperature Controlled Room -- 13.9 Internal Pressure -- 13.10 Strain Control and Stress Measurement for Relaxation -- 13.11 A Machine for Combined Tension and Torsion -- APPENDIX A1: LIST OF SYMBOLS -- APPENDIX A2: MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE RELATION -- APPENDIX A3: UNIT STEP FUNCTION AND UNIT IMPULSE FUNCTION -- APPENDIX A4: LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION*. , APPENDIX A5: DERIVATION OF THE MODIFIED SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE FROM THE MULTIPLE INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION -- APPENDIX A6: CONVERSION TABLES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the first edition -- Preface to the second edition -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Termite biology -- Chapter 3. Termites that attack buildings in the Canberra region and on the south coast -- Chapter 4. Level of termite hazard -- Chapter 5. Principles of termite control -- Chapter 6. Steps to be taken during construction -- Chapter 7. Control of termites in existing buildings -- Chapter 8. Recommended chemicals -- Appendix: Identification of termites from the Canberra region and the N.S.W.south coast -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Microemulsions: Theory and Practice -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Schulman' s Microemulsions -- I. Introduction -- II. Microemulsions of Commerce -- III. Physical Properties -- IV. Definitions -- Reference -- Chapter 2. Commercial History -- I. Introduction -- II. Carnauba Wax Emulsions -- III. Cutting Oils -- IV. Pine Oil Emulsions -- V. Flavor Emulsions -- VI. Pesticide Emulsions -- VII. Emulsion Polymers -- VIII. Other Systems -- References -- Chapter 3. Formulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanics -- III. Choice of Emulsifiers -- IV. Emulsifiable Oils -- V. The Impasse -- VI. Rheology -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 4. How To Formulate Microemulsions with Less Surfactants -- I. Introduction -- II. Optical Identification of Microemulsions -- III. Relationship between w/o and o/w Microemulsions -- IV. Formulating Microemulsions with Less Solubilizer -- References -- Chapter 5. The Mixed Film Theory -- I. Introduction -- II. The Early Years -- III. The Bowcott and Schulman Paper -- IV. The Oil/Water Interface -- V. Complementary Studies -- VI. New Approaches -- References -- Chapter 6. Microemulsions and Micellar Solutions -- I. Stability of Microemulsions, Basic Factors -- II. Three- and Four-Component Diagrams Phase Diagrams -- III. W/O Microemulsions -- IV. O/W Microemulsions -- V. Mixed Film Theory versus Micellar Aspects -- VI. Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. Microemulsion and Tertiary Oil Recovery -- I. Introduction -- II. Effect of Capillary and Viscous Force son Residual Oil Saturation and Displacement Efficiency -- III. Desirable Physico-Chemical Properties of a Micro­emulsion Slug -- IV. Mobility Control Design for the Microemulsion Process -- V. Economic Aspects of the Process -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Biology and Agronomy of Stylosanthes -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- PART 1: TAXONOMY AND GENETIC RESOURCES -- Chapter 1. Considerations on the Taxonomy of the Genus Stylosanthes -- I. History of the Genus Stylosanthes -- II. Diagnostic Morphology of Stylosanthes -- III. Considerations for a Revision of the Genus -- IV. The Significance of Stylosanthes Taxonomy to Pasture Plant Improvement -- V. Key to Species -- References -- Chapter 2. Some Brazilian Species of Stylosanthes -- I. Description of the Species -- II. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Cytogenetics and the Evolution of Stylosanthes -- I. Cytoevolution in Stylosanthes -- II. Cytoevolution at the Diploid Level -- III. Cytoevolution at the Polyploid Level -- IV. Phytogeography of Stylosanthes Evolution -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Natural Distribution of Stylosanthes -- I. Taxonomic Effects -- II. Geographical Distribution -- III. Environmental Adaptation -- IV. Taxonomic Implications -- V. Patterns of Evolution -- References -- Appendix I -- Chapter 5. Natural Variation in Stylosanthes -- I. Variation between Species -- II. Variation within Species -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. The Existing Stylosanthes Collections -- I. History and Overview -- II. Location of Collections and their Specificity -- III. Management of Collections -- IV. Priorities for Future Collections -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. Genetic Systems in Stylosanthes -- I. Mating System -- II. Population Size -- III. Natural Selection of Genotypes -- IV. Cytogenetic Structure -- V. Conclusion -- References -- PART 2: PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION -- Chapter 8. Adaptation to Water Deficits in Stylosanthes -- I. Terminology and the Occurrence of Water Shortage in Plant Tissues. , II. Reaction of Plants to Water Shortage -- III. Range of Plant Responses -- IV. Field Responses of Stylosanthes to Water Shortage -- V. Definition of Ideotypes -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Environmental Constraints to Growth and Survival of Stylosanthes -- I. Environmental Constraints to Growth -- II. Environmental Effects on Utilization of Stylosanthes Pasture -- III. Environmental Constraints to Survival of Stylosanthes -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. The Mineral Nutrition of Stylosanthes -- I. The Nutritional Needs of Plants -- II. Using Soil Criteria for Predicting Nutritional Status -- III. Effects of Mycorrhizal Associations -- IV. Utilization of Sparingly Soluble Phosphate -- V. Comparative Nutrient Requirements of Stylosanthes Species -- VI. Nutrient Concentrations in Plants -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. Mycorrhizas and Stylosanthes -- I. Nutritional Limitations to the Growth of Stylosanthes -- II. The Occurrence of Mycorrhizas in Field Soils -- III. Variability in the Effectiveness of Mycorrhizas in Controlled Environment Studies -- IV. The Effectiveness and Survival of Introduced Mycorrhizas in Field Soils -- V. Factors Governing Mycorrhizal Activities in Field Soils -- VI. Mycorrhizas and the Tolerance of Stylosanthes to Stress -- VII. Mycorrhizas and the Genetic Potential of Stylosanthes -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Rhizobium for Stylosanthes -- I. Effectiveness Responses of Stylosanthes to Strains of Rhizobium -- II. Some Relationships between Observed Effectiveness Response Groups and Origin of Accessions -- III. Prediction of Likely Rhizobium Requirements -- IV. Need for Inoculation of Stylosanthes in Australia -- V. Collection, Isolation and Growth Requirements of Rhizobium for Stylosanthes -- VI. Effect of Root Temperature on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation. , References -- Chapter 13. Reproductive Physiology of Stylosanthes -- I. Juvenility -- II. Flowering Morphology -- III. Photoperiod Response -- IV. Marginal Induction -- V. Temperature Interactions -- VI. Moisture -- VII. Flower Development -- VIII. Blooming -- IX. Seed Yield Components -- X. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14. Disease and Pest Problems of Stylosanthes -- I. Diseases of Stylosanthes -- II. Pests of Stylosanthes -- III. Control of Diseases and Pests of Stylosanthes -- References -- Chapter 15. Responses of Stylosanthes to Anthracnose -- I. The Anthracnose Diseases of Stylosanthes spp. and their Etiology -- II. Life Cycles -- III. Influence of Environment on Disease Development -- IV. Methods of Screening for Resistance -- V. Genetics of the Host-Parasite Interaction -- VI. Future Research Priorities -- References -- PART 3: STYLOSANTHES IN AGRICULTURE -- Chatper 16. Seed Biology of Stylosanthes -- I. Morphological Characteristics -- II. Dormancy -- III. Germination -- IV. Seedling Establishment -- V. Seed Predation -- VI. Pasture Establishment -- VII. Pasture Stability -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. The Dynamics of Stylosanthes Pastures -- I. Demographic Characteristics of Stylosanthes -- II. Effects of Grazing -- III. Effects of Soil Fertility -- IV. Effect of Sown Perennial Grasses -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18. Nitrogen Inputs into Agricultural Systems by Stylosanthes -- I. How Much N is Fixed? -- II. Distribution of N in the Plant -- III. Recycling of Legume N -- IV. Soil N Content -- V. Availabilty of N -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19. The Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Stylosanthes -- I. Factors Influencing Plant Chemical Composition -- II. Digestibility and Intake -- III. Diet Selection -- IV. Deleterious Factors -- V. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 20. Animal Production from Stylosanthes Based Pastures in Australia -- I. Pasture Composition and Ecology -- II. Animal Production -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Seed Production o f Stylosanthes Cultivars in Australia -- I. History -- II. Choice of Locality for Seed Production -- III. Crop Husbandry -- IV. Harvesting -- V. Seed Processing -- VI. Seed Yields -- VII. Marketing -- VIII. Future Seed Production -- References -- Chapter 22. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes I. South America -- I. Use in Agriculture -- II. Adaptation to Climate -- III. Adaptation to Soil Conditions -- IV. Agronomic Evaluation -- V. Animal Production -- VI. Potential and Limitations -- VII. Research Problems -- References -- Chapter 23. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes I\I. U.S.A. and Caribbean -- I. Native Species -- II. Adaptation to Climate -- III. Adaptation to Soil Conditions -- IV. Productivity -- V. Chemical Composition and I.V.O.M.D. -- VI. Anthracnose -- References -- Chpater 24. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes III. South-East Africa -- I. Establishment -- II. Fertiliser Responses -- III. Species Comparisons -- IV. Pests and Diseases -- V. Management Trials -- VI. Grazing Trials -- VII. Seed Production -- VIII. Commercial Use -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 25. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes IV. West Africa -- I. Social and Economic Environment -- II. Native Species -- III. Agronomy of Stylosanthes -- IV. Utilization and Animal Production -- V. Research Problems -- References -- Chapter 26. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes V. South-East Asia -- I. Stylosanthes in Grassland -- II. Stylosanthes in Cropping Systems -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 27. Global Ventures in Stylosanthes VI. India -- I. Research Projects -- II. Development Projects -- III. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 28. Agronomie Variation and Potential Utilization of Stylosanthes -- I. Species and Characteristics of Agronomie Importance -- II. Results of Agronomic Experiments -- III. Potential Utilization -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 29. Prospects for Stylosanthes Improvement and Utilization -- I. Adaptation -- II. Persistence -- III. Production -- IV. Utilization -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 30. Plant Breeding in Stylosanthes -- I. Breeding Objectives -- II. Breeding Methods -- III. Selection Methods -- IV. Constraints -- V. Progress in Stylosanthes Breeding Programs -- References -- Chapter 31. Future Research and International Cooperation -- List of Acronyms -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents: Acid and Aprotic Solvents -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Trifluoroacetic Acid -- I. Introduction -- II. Solvent Purification -- III. Physical Properties and Solvent Structure -- IV. Electrochemistry -- V. Solubilities -- VI. Reactions in Trifluoroacetic Acid -- References -- Chapter 2. Halosulfuric Acids -- I. Fluorosulfuric Acid -- II. Chlorosulfuric Acid -- References -- Chapter 3. The Interhalogens -- I. Introduction -- II. Preparations and Problems of Purity -- III. Physical Properties -- IV. Chemical Properties-Halogenation -- V. Solvent Properties -- VI. Spectroscopic and Structural Studies of Some Halogen Fluorides -- References -- Chapter 4. Inorganic Halides and Oxyhalides as Solvents -- I. Introduction -- II. Antimony Halides -- III. Arsenic Halides -- IV. Nitrosyl and Nitryl Halides -- V. Phosphoryl and Thiophosphoryl Halides -- VI. Seleninyl Chloride -- VII. Sulfur Halides and Oxyhalides -- VIII. Tin(IV) Chloride -- References -- Chapter 5. Molten Salts as Nonaqueous Solvents -- I. Introduction -- II. Halide Melts -- III. Nitrate Melts -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.